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The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, endocrine, metabolic features and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MBS) in Turkish adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the differences in metabolic parameters between adolescent PCOS with or without the presence of polycystic ovaries (PCO) on ultrasound. Subjects (n = 77) were classified into two groups: oligomenorrhea (O) and clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism (HA) (n = 38), without PCO and O + HA with PCO (n = 39). The control group consisted of 33 age-matched adolescents. Adolescents with PCOS had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and levels of LH, LH/FSH ratio, triglyceride, insulin, HOMA-IR, free androgen index and lower levels of SHBG and FSH. After adjustment for BMI, LH, LH: FSH ratio remained significantly higher. Adolescents with PCOS had a higher prevalence of MBS. No significant differences in lipid profiles, insulin levels and insulin sensitivity in both the PCOS groups were seen. HDL-C levels were lower in the O + HA + PCO group compared to the controls. BMI may be the major contributing factor in the development of metabolic abnormalities in adolescents with PCOS.Impact statementMany studies have investigated the effect of PCOS on metabolic and cardiovascular risks. It is thought that PCOS increases metabolic and cardiovascular risks. Increase in metabolic and cardiovascular risks associated with PCOS may be handled with early diagnosis and early intervention of PCOS in adolescents, although the diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents could be hard because of the features of PCOS overlapping normal pubertal physiological events. However, early identification of adolescent girls with PCOS may provide opportunities for prevention of well-known health risks associated with this syndrome and reduction of long-term health consequences of PCOS by reducing androgen levels and improving metabolic profile. Our results also support that BMI may be the major contributing factor in the development of metabolic abnormalities in adolescents with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents a case study of a 29-year-old woman with undiagnosed pregnancy during hysterosalpingography (HSG). It says that the woman has two-year history of infertility and oligomenorrhea. It states that HSG is a common procedure performed among patients with infertility. It adds that the woman was confirmed to have an intrauterine pregnancy through ultrasound scan, in which is likely six weeks pregnant at the time of the HSG.

The article reports on the case of a 16-year-old girl presented with history of hirsutism and weight gain for five years and oligomenorrhea for two years. Treatment with drugs like leuprolide acetate and oral contraceptives have been shown to result in the normalization of circulating androgens in a few patients. The patient responded dramatically to oral contraceptives and spironolactone treatment.

Focuses on the complexity in detecting Cushing's syndrome in pregnant women due to its association with amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea and infertility. Assessment of pregnancy complications; Evaluation of treatments used in non-pregnant patients; Percentage of fetal loss; Suppression of the fetal hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis.

Features the case study of a 29-year-old woman with oligomenorrhea and variation in menstrual cycle. Endocrine profile showing normal plasma levels of oestradiol and testosterone; Spontaneous pregnancy following pretreatment with gonadotrophins; Ovulation induction with menotrophin; Association of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism in the presence of ovarian follicles.

Documents the case of a 35-year-old woman with oligomenorrhea and primary infertility. Serum assays showing level of oestradiol and luteinizing hormone; Enlargement of left ovary containing several follicles; Treatment with clomiphene citrate; Histological examination revealing a granulosa cell tumour.