1. Diet Patterns Are Associated With Circulating Metabolites and Lipid Profiles of South Asians in the United States.
- Author
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Gadgil, Meghana D, Kanaya, Alka M, Sands, Caroline, Chekmeneva, Elena, Lewis, Matthew R, Kandula, Namratha R, and Herrington, David M
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BLOOD lipids , *BETAINE , *SOUTH Asians , *DIET , *PRINCIPAL components analysis , *HEART metabolism disorders , *DESSERTS , *NUTS - Abstract
Background: South Asians are at higher risk for cardiometabolic disease than many other racial/ethnic minority groups. Diet patterns in U.S. South Asians have unique components associated with cardiometabolic disease.Objectives: We aimed to characterize the metabolites associated with three representative diet patterns.Methods: We included 722 participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort study aged 40-84 years without known cardiovascular disease. Fasting serum specimens and diet and demographic questionnaires were collected at baseline and diet patterns previously generated through principal components analysis. LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic analysis was conducted with targeted integration of known metabolite and lipid signals. Linear regression models of diet pattern factor score and log-transformed metabolites adjusted for age, sex, caloric intake and body mass index and adjusted for multiple comparisons was performed, followed by elastic net linear regression of significant metabolites.Results: There were 443 metabolites of known identity extracted from the profiling data. The 'Animal protein' diet pattern was associated with 61 metabolites and lipids; including glycerophospholipids PE(O-16:1/20:4) and/or PE(P-16:0/20:4) (β 0.13; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.11, 0.14]) and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPE) NAPE(O-18:1/20:4/18:0) and/or NAPE(P-18:0/20:4/18:0) (β: 0.13; 95%CI [0.11, 0.14]), LPI (22:6/0:0) (β 0.14; 95% CI [0.12, 0.17]) and fatty acids FA (22:6) (β: 0.15; 95% CI [0.13, 0.17]. The 'Fried snacks, sweets, high-fat dairy' pattern was associated with 12 lipids; including PC(16:0/22:6) (β: -0.08; 95%CI[-0.09, -0.06]) and FA(22:6) (β 0.14; 95%CI [-0.17, -0.10]). The 'Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts and Legumes' pattern was associated with five metabolites including proline betaine (β: 0.17 [0.09, 0.25]) [p < 0.0002].Conclusions: Three predominant dietary patterns in U.S. South Asians are associated with circulating metabolites differentiated by lipids including glycerophospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids and the amino acid proline betaine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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