1. Transient receptor potential channels in sensory neurons are targets of the antimycotic agent clotrimazole.
- Author
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Meseguer V, Karashima Y, Talavera K, D'Hoedt D, Donovan-Rodríguez T, Viana F, Nilius B, and Voets T
- Subjects
- Animals, Avoidance Learning drug effects, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Calcium metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Gene Expression drug effects, Gene Expression physiology, Humans, Membrane Potentials drug effects, Membrane Potentials physiology, Membrane Potentials radiation effects, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Neurons, Afferent physiology, Patch-Clamp Techniques methods, Reaction Time drug effects, Reaction Time physiology, TRPA1 Cation Channel, TRPM Cation Channels genetics, TRPM Cation Channels metabolism, TRPV Cation Channels genetics, Time Factors, Transfection methods, Transient Receptor Potential Channels deficiency, Trigeminal Ganglion cytology, Anti-Infective Agents, Local pharmacology, Clotrimazole pharmacology, Neurons, Afferent drug effects, TRPV Cation Channels physiology, Transient Receptor Potential Channels physiology
- Abstract
Clotrimazole (CLT) is a widely used drug for the topical treatment of yeast infections of skin, vagina, and mouth. Common side effects of topical CLT application include irritation and burning pain of the skin and mucous membranes. Here, we provide evidence that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in primary sensory neurons underlie these unwanted effects of CLT. We found that clinically relevant CLT concentrations activate heterologously expressed TRPV1 and TRPA1, two TRP channels that act as receptors of irritant chemical and/or thermal stimuli in nociceptive neurons. In line herewith, CLT stimulated a subset of capsaicin-sensitive and mustard oil-sensitive trigeminal neurons, and evoked nocifensive behavior and thermal hypersensitivity with intraplantar injection in mice. Notably, CLT-induced pain behavior was suppressed by the TRPV1-antagonist BCTC [(N-(-4-tertiarybutylphenyl)-4-(3-cholorpyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide)] and absent in TRPV1-deficient mice. In addition, CLT inhibited the cold and menthol receptor TRPM8, and blocked menthol-induced responses in capsaicin- and mustard oil-insensitive trigeminal neurons. The concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50) of inward TRPM8 current was approximately 200 nM, making CLT the most potent known TRPM8 antagonist and a useful tool to discriminate between TRPM8- and TRPA1-mediated responses. Together, our results identify TRP channels in sensory neurons as molecular targets of CLT, and offer means to develop novel CLT preparations with fewer unwanted sensory side effects.
- Published
- 2008
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