1. Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of xanthorrhizol in hippocampal neurons and primary cultured microglia
- Author
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Chol Seung Lim, Jung-Soo Han, Ilho Ha, Hyejung Mok, Sang Jin Oh, Jae-Kwan Hwang, Da Qing Jin, and Jung Uk Lee
- Subjects
Curcumin ,Cell Survival ,Blotting, Western ,Glutamic Acid ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Biology ,Pharmacology ,Nitric Oxide ,Hippocampus ,Antioxidants ,Nitric oxide ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Lipid peroxidation ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Phenols ,medicine ,Animals ,Drug Interactions ,Cells, Cultured ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Neurons ,Reactive oxygen species ,Analysis of Variance ,Microglia ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ,Neurotoxicity ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Nitric oxide synthase ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Cyclooxygenase 2 ,biology.protein ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Lipid Peroxidation - Abstract
Xanthorrhizol, a natural sesquiterpenoid isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb (Zingiberaceae), has antibacterial activities and protective effects against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the activities of xanthorrhizol as an antioxidant or antiinflammatory agent using neuronal and microglial cells. Xanthorrhizol had potent neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the murine hippocampal HT22 cell line. Also, xanthorrhizol inhibited H(2)O(2)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. The properties of xanthorrhizol as an antiinflammatory agent were investigated in microglial activation by lipopolysaccharide. It reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the inducible nitric oxide synthase, which consequently resulted in the reduction of nitric oxide. The production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in activated microglial cells, was reduced by xanthorrhizol. These results suggest that xanthorrhizol could be an effective candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease- and other neurological disease-related ROS and inflammation.
- Published
- 2005