1. Esketamine increases neurotransmitter releases but simplifies neurotransmitter networks in mouse prefrontal cortex
- Author
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Ye Wang, Yunyun Zhang, Kai Wang, Zhenghua Zhu, Dan Wang, Qianzi Yang, and Hailong Dong
- Subjects
Mice ,Serotonin ,Physiology ,General Neuroscience ,Animals ,Gamma Rhythm ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Anesthesia ,Ketamine ,Nerve Net ,Anesthetics - Abstract
General anesthesia induces a profound but reversible unconscious state, which is accompanied by changes in various neurotransmitters in the cortex. Unlike the "brain silencing" effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor potentiator anesthesia, ketamine anesthesia leads the brain to a paradoxical active state with higher cortical activity, which is manifested as dissociative anesthesia. However, how the overall neurotransmitter network evolves across conscious states after ketamine administration remains unclear. Using in vivo microdialysis, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis, and electroencephalogram (EEG) recording technique, we continuously measured the concentrations of six neurotransmitters and the EEG signals during anesthesia with esketamine, an
- Published
- 2022
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