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This article discusses the surgical outcomes of patients who underwent endoscopic radical resection of skull base lesions that required sacrificing the internal carotid artery (ICA). The study included 14 cases with various pathologies, including osteoradionecrosis, skull base malignancy, and rhinocerebral mucormycosis. The management of the ICAs varied, with some cases experiencing spontaneous occlusion, while others required intentional occlusion or bypass surgery. The study found that there were no treatment-related deaths, but there were some morbidities associated with the resection and bypass procedures. The prevalence of severe headaches decreased after the resection, but the incidence of cranial nerve palsy increased. The overall survival rates were 62.9% for progression-free survival and 70.0% for overall survival. The study concludes that radical resection of skull base lesions invading the ICA can be performed with no perioperative mortality, and good surgical outcomes can be expected depending on the pathology. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the treatment results of craniofacial resection (CFR) for sinonasal tumors involving the anterior skull base. The study compares the outcomes, complications, and morbidity of different surgical approaches and pathologies. The findings show that endoscopic CFR has become the main surgical approach in recent years, with comparable or better results and decreased complication rates and morbidity compared to the open approach. However, the selection of surgical approach and extent of excision should consider the pathology and staging of the tumor. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the relationship between age and olfactory recovery after endoscopic endonasal anterior skull base surgery. The study conducted a retrospective analysis on 46 patients who underwent the surgery and found that age had a negative correlation with olfactory function at both 3-month and 6-month postoperative time points. Additionally, histological analysis of the olfactory epithelium showed that a higher number of mature olfactory sensory neurons and basal cells were associated with more favorable olfactory outcomes in younger patients. The findings suggest that age and histological characteristics play a role in postoperative olfactory recovery. [Extracted from the article]

Objective  Skull base osteoradionecrosis (SB-ORN) is a serious, potentially lethal complication of radiation therapy. We aimed to review the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SB-ORN according to the extent of treatment. Design  Retrospective analysis design was used for this study. Setting  The study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals. Participants  Patients included who had been clinically diagnosed with SB-ORN from January 2006 to 2017. Main Outcome Measures  Clinical characteristics, including demographics, predisposing factors, presenting symptoms, radiological findings, treatment modalities, and treatment outcomes, were reviewed. Treatment was classified into conservative and aggressive types. Aggressive treatment included radical surgical removal of soft tissue and bony sequestrum with the placement of vascularized tissue. Treatment outcome was analyzed in terms of clinical control, survival, and carotid artery blow out. Results  Fifteen patients (11 males and 4 females) were identified during the study period. Eight patients were managed conservatively, whereas seven patients were managed with aggressive treatment. The 2-year survival was 75% in the aggressive treatment group and 15% in the conservative group (log-rank, p  = 0.049). The estimated 2-year blow out free rate was 46.7% for the conservative group and 100% for the aggressive group (log-rank, p  = 0.100). Conclusion  In patients with SB-ORN, aggressive management, including surgical removal of sequestrum and coverage with a pedicled flap, is associated with increased survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]