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Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the commonest cause of intestinal failure in neonates. SBS results from widespread damage to the small intestine, leading to loss of functional capacity of this organ. This is generally secondary to conditions like necrotizing enterocolitis, gastroschisis, intestinal atresia, and midgut volvulus. The small bowel usually adapts to this damage in due course of time. The clinician's role usually entails the management of parenteral nutrition and the fluid and electrolyte balance to tide over this phase. The management should be initiated as soon as the diagnosis is suspected, especially post-surgical resection of the bowel. This should comprise enteral nutrition, with proactive monitoring and supplementation of electrolytes and micronutrients. Intestinal lengthening procedures like the Serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP), and Longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring (LILT) may be considered in infants, where medical therapy fails to correct the pathology. The intricate nature of the condition warrants a multi-disciplinary approach, involving clinicians, intensivists, and surgeons, which ensures the best neonatal outcomes, in terms of the survival rates in these babies.

Background: Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is associated with many other congenital anomalies like cardiac, renal, and vertebral, but the association with cystic hygroma is very rare. Case Presentation: We report a neonate, antenatally diagnosed with cystic hygroma of the neck and incidentally diagnosed to have TEF. The baby was operated on after adequate stabilization and the cystic hygroma was managed with injection sclerotherapy. The genetic analysis for the FOX genes complex has been done in this case and the results showed no association between the two. Conclusion: There is a need for future studies to find out if the association between cystic hygroma and TEF is by chance or if any embryological or genetic cause can be attributed to it.

Background: Duodenal atresia (DA) is often associated with anomalies that include annular pancreas, cardiac anomalies, intestinal malrotation, situs inversus, or splenic anomalies. Association of duodenal atresia with complex cardiac anomalies is scarcely reported in the literature. Case Presentation: A term neonate was diagnosed with duodenal atresia and found to have a preduodenal portal vein and malrotation. A gastro jejunostomy was added to the procedure, due to the pre duodenal portal vein. On post-operative day 4, the patient had sudden desaturation. The respiratory system was normal and there was no evidence of septicaemia. On the post-operative echocardiogram, the diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart was made and the patient eventually succumbed to his complex cardiac disease. Conclusion: This is a rare combination of multiple anomalies and we report the clinical and anatomical findings of this patient.

Esophageal perforation (EP) in a neonate is very rare and is often iatrogenic. Preterm neonates with esophageal atresia (EA) are at more risk, as EP can occur during any test or intervention at pharyngeal region. We are presenting the management of EP in a preterm neonate with EA who presented with pneumomediastinum.

Primary bladder diverticulae are rare anomalies of the bladder. They usually present with recurrent urinary tract infections and dysuria. We present a case of retrovesical diverticulum, which presented with urinary retention behaved like a case of posterior urethral valves. A high index of suspicion and a well performed micutrating cystourethrogram helps in clinching the diagnosis. Excision of these diverticulae with or without ureteric reimplant is curative in most cases.