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Degradation of peatland ecosystem on community land is controlled by the article 32 A paragraph (3) of Government Regulation Number 57 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 71 of 2014 concerning Protection and Management of Peatland Ecosystems which provide explicit direction that the restoration of peatland ecosystem forest and functions owned by the community or indigenous peoples is their responsibility. To assist the community to have countermeasures actions for peatland ecosystem degradation on the community land, the government has implemented the Peatland Self-supporting Villages (Desa Mandiri Peduli Gambut) program since 2016 in several provinces including Central Kalimantan Province. This study aims to: (1) analyze the current policy for controlling degradation to the peatland ecosystem if it applied to community land, and (2) Analyze the implementation of the policy for controlling degradation to the peatland ecosystem through the implementation of the Peatland Self-supporting Villages in the ex PLG area of Central Kalimantan Province by assessing the sustainability and implementation strategy of the program. The results of the study are: (1) The peatland ecosystem destruction control policy that has been applied to the licensed land can be applied to community land as long as they has sufficient capacity (2) the sustainability assessment of the implementation of the Peatland Self-supporting Villages program in the ex-PLG Area of ​​Central Kalimantan Province is included in the “moderate” category with an index value of 68.54, while the main strategy for proper implementation is by conducting exposure meetings of the Community Work Plan (Rencana Kerja Masyarakat, RKM) document to the relevant agencies and collaborating through programs that are in accordance with their duties.

One of the consequences of deforestation is the spread of critical land both inside and outside the forest area. Agroforestry or intercropping is developed to provide benefits and improve welfare for the community, and to optimize the results of a form of sustainable land use to ensure and improve food needs. Eucalyptus is one type of plant that is suitable for forest land rehabilitation because of its ability to live on marginal lands. The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of eucalyptus oil business and formulate business sustainability development from seven aspects/feasibility parameters, which are namely: (1) legal aspects, (2) social, economic and cultural aspects, (3) market aspects, (4) management and human resources, (5) risk management aspects, (6) technical aspects, and (7) financial aspects. Meanwhile, to find out whether the eucalyptus business activity as a whole can be sustainable, and its development model, a sustainability analysis was carried out using the cobweb (Amoeba) method. Within the framework of sustainability, eucalyptus concessions must make changes and innovations (Estimated business feasibility on a planting area of 5,200 ha obtained a Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp. 950,734,956,062, - with a discounted interest rate of 12% shows that the eucalyptus oil industry will get a net profit of Rp 7,076,409,779,281, - BC Ratio of 12.56, Interest Rate of Return (IRR) of 55%, Payback Period in the 5th year 4 months shows that in a period of 5 years and 4 months from the investment can be returned from business revenues. The results showed that the seven aspects/parameters were declared feasible and continued with a sustainability analysis and concluded that the eucalyptus oil concession was declared sustainable.

Indonesian Sustainability Palm Oil (ISPO) is requirement for palm oil private business in the effort to preserve the environment, increase economic activities, and social activities of the community. The environmental management conducted by the company is analyzed by qualitative descriptive approach by comparing the condition of management before and after the implementation of ISPO. Measurement of the influence of CSR program as implementation in ISPO to the changing socio-economic condition of the community is done by quantitative approach with simple linear regression statistic analysis method. This study aims, first to analyze eh impacts of ISPO adoption in improving the environmental management performances of the company, second to analyze the influence of CSR program to the socio-economic condition of the community. ISPO implementation impacts on; first, environmental benefits obtained by the company include; (1) increase discharge and quality of processed wastewater for Land Application, (2) reduce of CO2 emissions 2.134.299 tons/year; (3) reduce of air emission and noise level in plant area; (4) reduce case of land fires and work accidents, (5) improve groundwater quality and Kandis river water quality, (6) improve of worker's capability and welfare. Second, the economic benefits obtained by the company, including; (1) increase of CPO production by 827 tons/year, and PKO production by 75 tons/year, (2) cost savings IDR 98.228.703/year from IPAL management improvements, and (3) Increase of company's revenue from selling hazardous waste to third party by IDR 343.734.000/year. Third, CSR program positively increase of community's income, education improvement of community family member, and better public perception to company.

Development of transmission line is needed to increase the availability of electrical demand. This development requires a land acquisition, which has some impacts toward socio-economic of society, namely changes of livehood and loss of earnings. Objectives of this study were: 1) to identify some problems caused by land acquisition; 2) to analyze the changes of livehood and income caused by land acquisition; 3) factors affected price of land compensation; 4) alternatives solution to minimize impact of land acquisition. The change of livehood was analyzed by descriptive qualitative method, meanwhile the change of income by loss of earning, factors affected price of land compensation by regression. This study was conducted in 12 villages in Bogor and Depok crossed by the transmission line. The result of study showed that the transmission lines development the emergencing of various problems, namely: (a) land acquisition is causing the loss of home for 3,33 percent of respondents that had to be relocated to other areas, (b) land acquisition is causing the loss of 16,63 percent agricultural land owned by community that affected by the transmission line, (c) land acquisition is causing internal conflict within the family of 5.00 percent respondents in terms of the distribution of compensation money received. The land acquisition causes change of livelihood of farmers (6,67 percent), owners of grocery shop and drink stalls business (3.33 percent), and business owners of rental house (3,33 percent). This causes loss of earning for 26.67 percent respondent, with the total loss of earnings of IDR 6,605,000 per month or an average of IDR 412,813 per month per respondent. The regression model of land compensation price has R-Square (adj) 73,9 percent, with the factors that significantly affect the value of land compensation are: Tax Object Sales Value (NJOP) of land, market price of the land, and the size area of respondents landholding, with a significance level of each respectively 0,000. The result of classical assumption test proves that the regression model is built in accordance with the rules of econometrics is good with no autocorrelation, no multicollinieraty, no heteroscedasticity, and the data is also distributed normally. To minimize the land acquisitioned impact should be noted about how the continuation of economic enterprise communities that rely on land as the main capital of the business, and how the compensation value specified must meet the aspect of obedience to the law and agreement with the land owners. Keywords: land acquisition, transmission line, livehood change, loss of earnings

The use of pesticides and fertilizers containing Pb in agriculture will leave residues in soil, water, and plants. This Pb will be accumulated in the human body and, have a negative impact gradually on human health. The use of gamma-irradiation of Aspergillus niger is expected to reduce the levels of metals and residues triazofos onions. Bioremediation technique using gamma rays against a. niger is still quite a bit or a new research so the research on this is still a little The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of technology A. niger low dose gamma irradiation in reducing heavy metals and low triazofos residue on onion. Apergillus niger low dose gamma irradiated, mixed with organic materials such as Kohe, rice husk and bran. The mixture is fermented for 8 days and then applied to the soil of onion in Bradford to measure levels of Pb and triazofosnya residue. The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (GCMS) was used in this study. The result showed Pb that goes into the water very small and more are stuck in the ground and Pb accumulated in onion is still quite high. Triazofos residue concentrations in onions undetectable or very low in quality standards established under 0,005 ppm. The conclusion of this study, Aspergillus niger were not irradiated and irradiated can withstand heavy metals Pb in soil so it goes into the water a little, but not optimal in Pb which adsorbs into the onion and pesticide residues on onions Triazofos undetected. Keywords: Aspergillus niger, residual triazofos, gamma radiation, onion

Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) is a standard system of sustainable palm oil plantations in Indonesia are economically viable, socially viable and environmentally friendly which is compulsory in accordance with the regulations. This study aims to analyze the environmental management performance in palm oil mill Batu Ampar and formulate the performance optimization based on the ISPO requirements. The evaluation shows that the company can meet the 38 indicators related to environmental management with some of the achievements include utilization of renewable energy sources that generate energy by 5.0664 million KWh, amounting to 1,677,615.89 liters of diesel fuel savings, reduction in CO2 emissions by 70.63 Kg / ton CPO, chemical fertilizers worth saving Rp.5.750.080,00 / ha / year. The optimization strategy for continuous improvement which is based on the SWOT analysis include: the selection of accredited laboratories, improve the performance of Waste Water Treatment Plant, planned to construct methane capture, optimizing the utilization of solid waste, optimizing the reduction of hazardous waste, provide input in determining government policy, and training routine related to environmental management to improve the competence of personnel. Keywords: environmental management, optimization, performance, sustainable

Indonesian’s Goverment has obliged palm oil plantation companies to produce sustainable palm oil by the regulation from ministry of Agriculture No. 19/2011 about guidelines for Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). This research aimed to study the plantation management of PT. Tapian Nadenggan from their existing socio-economic aspects, then to analyze its sustability according to ISPO’s principles and creteria. The method was done by collecting primary data through interview(in general as well as intensive interview with key spekers), distributing questionnaires, executing field observation, taking respondent by purposive sampling method. Secondary data was obtained from the company’s data and literature review. The analysis result shows that the process of the land approval and the company’s responsibility toward their employess are convenient with ISPO’s principles and criteria. While for the execution of plasma plantation, the company’s social responsibility toward local culture development has not been fulfilled yet. Keywords: ISPO, palm oil, social economic

Weed is one of the important constraints in rice production, and therefore its effective control measure should be considered that the production can be optimized. The application of no tillage by using herbicide is assumed more effective and efficient than conventional one. However, herbicide which is used as contionusly can influence residue in soil, plant and rice. The objectives of the research were to analyze the effect of no tillage and its combination of IPA glyphosate herbicide concentration levels to rice productivity and to analyze IPA glyphosate herbicide residue in soil, straw and rice. The study was conducted in the field by using IPA glyphosate herbicide with five treatments, namely maximum tillage (Gm), no herbicide spraying (G0), glyphosate herbicide doses 1.5 l ha-1(G1), 3 l ha-1 (G2) and 4.5 l ha-1(G3). The analysis of glyphosate residue was done in soil, straw and rice samples by using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method. The research results showed that Gm and G1 treatments had highest with rice yield average were 938 g m-2 and 728 g m-2, respectively. Gm treatmen more profitable with R / C ratio of 1.84 with a profit of Rp 13.714 million, but using more labor than G1 treatment. Thereby, no-tillage treatment (G1) could be done by using glyphosate herbicide in doses 1.5 l ha-1, economically. Glyphosate contained in soil samples, straw, and rice proved that using of gyphosate intensively could have negative impacts on soil microbial activity, plant resistance to plant diseases and residue of glyphosate carried by plants. Glyphosate residue concentration was highest found on rice sample in treatments G3 was 0.272 mg kg-1. These glyphosate residual values on rice was highest than maximum residue limit which was decided by Indonesia government (0.1 mg kg-1). Glyphosate residues contained in food is not within safe limits if taken every day and can cause adverse effects to human health. Keywords: glyphosate herbicide, maximum residue limits, paddy field, weed control

Sugarcane bagasse and pineapple waste were selected as agricultural wastes, by the process of anaerobic fermentation, as well as to study the effect of addition of cow dung, on gas production from sugarcane bagasse, pineapple waste and both blendings. The batch experiment was carried out to use as substrat in 20 L digester for nine treatment of sugarcane bagasse (Bg), pineapple waste (Ns), both blendings (BNs). Completely Randomized experiment method used at the laboratory scale, which intend to found the best combination between Bg-25; Bg-30; Bg-35; Ns-25; Ns-30; Ns-35; BNs-25; BNs-30 and BNs-35. The result showed that during 48 anaerobic fermentation days, the high biogas production of Ns-35; BNs-30 and BNs-35 were 17,2 L; 12,6 L and 12,3 L, respectively. The parameter of TS, VS and COD were decreased, mean while parameter of VFA was increased at initially, the 20 day and 40 day. Quantitative analysis of the flammable biogas from some of the combination showed high methane contents. The Bg-25 had 75% CH4content, BNs-35 had 74% CH4 content and Bg-30 had 70 % CH4 content. The result of semi-continuos scale of 300 L digester showed that the optimal performance of bioreactor was feeding rate at 1,4 kg TS/L/day; 2,3 kg TS/L/day and 4,1 kg TS/L/day which resulted in biogas 64.4 L/ day with methane content is 70 %. Keywords: sugarcane bagasse, pineapple waste, biogas, methane

Waste is an environmental issue owing to its increasing amount. The type of waste that is currently an important problem is plastic waste, which can endanger living things and the environment. This study aimed to analyze the community participation factors that affect waste management. This study used interview methods and completed questionnaires from as many as 50 respondents in Baleendah District, West Java Province. The collected data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the approach of several latent variables, each of which was equipped with indicators. The PLS-SEM model was evaluated using the Outer Model and Inner Models. The results showed that, in the measurement model, all indicators were valid and reliable for measuring the constructed construct. In the structural model of the results of hypothesis testing with the bootstrapping method, it can be concluded that the variables of External Factors and Waste Management significantly affect the variables of Waste Management; the variable of Waste Management significantly affects the variable Impact of Waste Management, while the variable of Waste Reduction insignificantly affects the variable of Waste Management. The results of this study can be used as recommendations for implementing strategies to increase community participation in plastic waste management.

Microplastics in the Central Citarum River, Karawang, West Java, originate from anthropogenic activities of people living around the watershed, which is an industrial, agricultural, and densely populated residential area. Microplastics are degraded plastics < 5 mm in size. This study aims to determine the abundance and size of microplastics in the Middle Citarum River, through observation with a microscope. Sampling was conducted at three locations with three observations: February, March, and April 2022. The types of microplastics found were pellets, films, fibers, and fragments. Microplastic particle size < 0.3 mm was the most common size found. The abundance of microplastics in the water of the Middle section of the Citarum River is different at each sampling location. The total number of microplastic particles in all research locations was 4,413 particles. The highest abundance of microplastics in all sampling locations was in densely populated residential areas at 239.7 ± 326.7 particles/m3 , followed by agricultural areas with an abundance of 72.5 ± 63.8 particles/m3 , then the lowest abundance was in industrial areas at 55.6 ± 57.8 particles/m3 . The average abundance of microplastics in the middle Citarum River water was 122.6 ± 209.7 particles/m3. Statistical analysis using Kruskall Wallis with a df value of 2 > 0.05 showed no significant difference in microplastic abundance at each research location. All stations had the same potential for microplastic pollution. This study shows that high anthropogenic activities lead to high microplastic pollution in water. Therefore, proper mitigation and management of waste and plastic waste are needed.

Jatigede Reservoir is stagnant inland water formed from the damming of the Cimanuk river. Jatigede Reservoir, like any other reservoir, is horizontally divided into three areas, namely riverine, transition, and lacustrine. The different characteristics of each zone also impact the composition and community of phytoplankton, trophic status, and carbon content. This study aims to calculate the carbon content of phytoplankton in the waters of the Jatigede Reservoir in each zone with the composition and community of phytoplankton at a certain trophic status. The research stations were selected using purposive sampling with station selection based on the site in the reservoir, namely riverine, transition, and lacustrine. Analysis of trophic status and carbon content was used to determine the condition and presence of carbon in the Jatiged Reservoir. The trophic position of the Jatigede Reservoir based on the Nygaard Index and TSI (Tropic State Index) is categorized into the eutrophic level. Species from the Cyanophyceae class tend to have high abundances, but the higher carbon content is in the Dinophyceae class. Riverin, transitional, and lacustrine zoning have the same trophic status but have different compositions and phytoplankton communities. Based on the study results, the carbon content of phytoplankton was relatively high in the riverine and lacustrine zones and low in the transition zone.