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The South American genus Polynoncus Burmeister encompasses 38 valid species that are considered to be endemic to South America. In this work, we provide a comprehensive revision of this genus. Polynoncus seymourensis (Mutchler, 1925) with only insular occurrence (Galapagos Islands) is now recorded for the continent. We describe Polynoncus pseudogemmifersp. n. from Argentina to accommodate a species previously considered as 'P. gemmifer'. Polynoncus furcillifer Pittino 1987 and P. argentinus (Harold, 1872) are both reinstated as valid species, and P. haafi (Vaurie 1962) is synonymised with P. gemmifer (Blanchard, 1847). Lectotypes are designated for the following names: Trox hemisphaericus Burmeister, 1876, T. pampeanus Burmeister, 1876, T. gemmiferus Blanchard, 1847, T. gemmifer Blanchard, 1847, T. leprosus Blanchard, 1847, T. argentinus Harold, 1872, T. gemmingeri Harold, 1872, T. pedestris Harold, 1872 and T. globulatus Fairmaire, 1884. We provide high-quality images of the type specimens and their labels, a differential diagnosis, synonyms, chresonomy and known geographical distributions. A key for the accurate identification of species of Polynoncus is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An updated checklist of the Omorgus species from Brazil is presented. Seven species are recorded, one of which, Omorgus borrei, is a new record for the country. Geographic distribution and diagnoses for all these species are reviewed, and an identification key is presented. Photographs of the type specimens of the most valid names are included and lectotype is designated to O. borrei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural history of the lizard Enyalius perditus was studied from August 2005 to July 2006, at Parque Estadual Nova Baden, in the municipality of Lambari, State of Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil. We found that E. perditus may be considered a semi-arboreal species, like other species in the genus, sleeping on vegetation (slim branches or large leaves) at night, possibly to minimize predation. Females with enlarged follicles or oviducal eggs were found from November to January and juveniles recruited at the end of the dry season and beginning of the rainy season, in October. The diet of this lizard is composed mainly of Lepidoptera larvae, Araneae and Formicidae. Females were larger than males, and juvenile coloration is similar to that of adult females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]