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Evidence from the Linnean Society’s ledger of papers received in 1858 points to 1 July as the date of submission of the Darwin–Wallace papers for the famous meeting of the same evening. It has been widely assumed, and repeatedly stated, that the submission was on 30 June. but this article shows that this seems to be a wrong assumption. Acceptance of this later submission date also provides an explanation of the ‘oddities’ in the letter of transmittal. In turn, this reading implies further details about the separate roles of Hooker and Lyell in the crucial 13 days before the meeting.

Protodulichioidea Ariyamaı superfam. nov. [Japanese name: Bōnobori-yokoebi-jōkaı new] Type family Protodulichiidae Ariyamaı fam. nov. Diagnosis Body subcylindricalı all pereonitesı pleonites and urosomites free. Head trianguları rostrum well developedı anteroventral margin strongly recessed; eyes largeı round. Antennae elongateı slender; antenna 1 peduncular articles 1ı 3 almost same lengthı shorter than article 2ı accessory flagellum short; antenna 2 longer than antenna 1ı peduncular articles 4ı 5 longı flagellum short. Mandibleı palp with 3 articlesı article 2 longestı article 3 symmetricalı bullet-shaped. Coxae medium-sizedı contiguous; gills present on coxae 2 ��� 6ı oostegites of female present on coxae 2 ��� 5. Gnathopod 1 subchelateı carpus longer than propodusı palm oblique. Male gnathopod 2 a little enlargedı subchelate; carpus shorter than propodusı propodus dilatedı palm oblique. Female gnathopod 2 smaller than that of maleı subchelate; carpus slightly shorter than propodusı palm oblique. Pereopods 3ı 4 short; bases slenderı glandular. Pereopods 5ı 6 short; bases expanded. Pereopod 7 greatly elongateı basis weakly expanded. Uropods biramousı uropods 1ı 2 slenderı uropod 3 short; peduncles of uropods 2ı 3 shorter than both rami; outer rami of all uropods shorter than inner ramiı both rami with robust setae. Telson dorsoventrally thickenedı entireı ovateı longer than broad. Remarks Myers and Lowry (2003) analysed the corophiidean genera using 41 morphological characters. Protodulichioidea superfam. nov. is different from the genera listed in Appendix 1 of this paper in at least six characters and does not closely resemble any generaı families or superfamilies listed. In particuları character 36 (setae on the uropod 3 outer ramus) differs significantly. The outer ramus of the new superfamily bears 0 ��� 1 dorsal and 1 apical robust setae (see ���Description��� and ���Variation���)ı and such a setation does not correspond with any types given by them. This new superfamily belongs to the parvorder Caprellida Leach 1814 because length of the antenna 1 article 3 is more than half of the article 2 (Myers and Lowry 2003). The parvorder consists of seven superfamilies. Protodulichioidea superfam. nov.ı howeverı can be distinguished from the superfamily Aetiopedesoidea Myers and Lowryı 2003 by the glandular bases of pereopods 3ı 4; from the superfamilies Caprelloidea Leach 1814 and Microprotopoidea Myers and Lowryı 2003 by the biramous uropod 3; from the superfamily Isaeoidea Danaı 1852 by the not subchelate pereopods 5 ��� 7; from the superfamily Neomegamphopoidea Myersı 1981 by the not enlarged gnathopod 1 and the not expanded coxa of male gnathopod 1; from the superfamily Photoidea Boeckı 1871 by the short peduncle of uropod 3; and from the superfamily Rakirooidea Myers and Lowryı 2003 by the separated urosomites 2ı 3. The most conspicuous character of Protodulichioidea superfam. nov. is a triangular head. This character and the mast-building behaviour (see ���Ecology���) are shared only with the family Dulichiidae Danaı 1849 among all the families in the infraorder Corophiida. Although Dulichiidae differs from this new superfamily in 12 characters out of 41 [for exampleı the pereonites 6ı 7 fusedı the urosomite 1 extremely elongateı and the uropod 3 absent in Dulichiidae (Laubitz 1977)]; this suggests that there may be a relationship between Protodulichioidea and Dulichiidae. Regarding Dulichiidaeı Laubitz (1979) estimated the suborder Caprellidea (in the traditional sense) is derived from an ancestral form close to Dulichiidae. Howeverı Ito et al. (2008) stated that the 18S rRNA gene sequence data did not support a close phylogenetic relationship between them. The relationship between Protodulichioidea and Dulichiidae is also expected to be examined by molecular analysis. Included family This superfamily contains only one familyı Protodulichiidae fam. nov., Published as part of Ariyama, Hiroyuki & Hoshino, Osamu, 2019, A new superfamily�� family�� genus and species of marine amphipod�� Protodulichia scandens�� from Japan (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Senticaudata: Corophiida), pp. 2467-2477 in Journal of Natural History 53 (39) on pages 2468-2469, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1704588, http://zenodo.org/record/3666407, {"references":["Myers AAi Lowry JK. 2003. A phylogeny and a new classification of the Corophiidea Leachi 1814 (Amphipoda). J Crust Biol. 23: 443 - 485.","Leach WE. 1814. Crustaceology. In: Brewster Di editor. The Edinburgh encyclopaedia. Vol. 7. Edinburgh: William Blackwood; p. 383 - 437.","Laubitz DR. 1977. A revision of the genera Dulichia KrOyer and Paradulichia Boeck (Amphipoda: Podoceridae). Can J Zool. 55: 942 - 982.","Laubitz DR. 1979. Phylogenetic relationships of the Podoceridae (Amphipodai Gammaridea). Bull Biol Soc Wash. 3: 144 - 152.","Ito Ai Wada Hi Aoki MN. 2008. Phylogenetic analysis of caprellid and corophioid amphipods (Crustacea) based on the 18 S rRNA genei with special emphasis on the phylogenetic position of Phtisicidae. Biol Bull. 214: 176 - 183."]}

In this paper current knowledge on the diversity of the gastropod cephalaspidean genus Haminoea from India is revised. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken and novel specimens were coll...

The distinctive, large bumblebee Bombus tanguticus Morawitz was described from yellow-banded queens (females) collected from high elevations on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) by Nikolay Przhevalsky’s fourth Central Asia expedition. One of Morawitz’s syntype females is designated here as lectotype. Because of the distinctive female morphology, Pittioni placed the species in a subgenus of its own, Tanguticobombus. Surprisingly, in the 130 years since its description, and despite extensive sampling of bumblebees across the QTP, records for just seven more individuals of B. tanguticus have been published, all queens. In this paper I report two recently collected workers (females) that extend the known distribution of the species and describe a new white-banded colour pattern from one of the workers. Available data on the species’ distribution are mapped, the location of the collecting site for the highest confirmed records of any bumblebees worldwide at c. 5640 m above sea level is discussed, and the closest relatives of the species identified, placing it in the lapidarius-group of the subgenus Melanobombus and most likely close to the European B. lapidarius.

Descriptions of the mosquitoes of the Republic of the Sudan are mostly limited to works published more than 60 years ago. Khartoum State in central Sudan, which encompasses the capital city, has experienced many outbreaks of diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens, including Rift Valley fever. In this paper we focus on the composition of Aedes mosquitoes in high-risk areas in and around major agricultural projects. This is based on longitudinal surveillance of adults and larvae during the hot dry and rainy seasons in 2013. A total of 630 adult female mosquitoes were collected. Anopheles mosquitoes were the most abundant (n = 456, 72.4), followed by Culex (n = 96, 15.2) and Aedes (n = 78, 12.4). Only three Aedes species were identified: Aedes caballus (n = 38, 48.7 of the Aedes), Aedes vexans arabiensis (n = 30, 38.5) and Aedes caspius (n = 10, 12.8). A total of 42,549 larvae were collected. Aedes larvae were the most abundant (n = 30,936, 72.7), followed by Culex (n = 9656, 22.7) and Anopheles (n = 1957, 4.6). The Aedes larvae included Ae. caspius (n = 21,957, 71.0 of the Aedes), Ae. vexans arabiensis (n = 5577, 18.0), Aedes quasiunivittatus (n = 107, 0.3), Aedes dentatus (Theobald) (n = 204, 0.7) and 3091 unidentifiable larvae (10.0), denoted as Forms X, Y and Z. We discuss the bionomics of the four identified species of Aedes and provide updated keys for the identification of the mosquito genera and the larvae and adults of the Aedes species recorded from the Republic of the Sudan. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor Francis Group.

Octopus minor is widely distributed along the coastal areas of the west Pacific Ocean. This paper investigates spermatozoa, spermiogenesis from the testes, and spermatophores using light and electron microscopy. Mature spermatozoa are about 650 µm long. The head includes mainly the acrosome and nucleus. The acrosome consists of a striated cone surrounded by a single helix. The nucleus is cylindrical, homogeneous and of high electron density. The neck is short and connected with the head through the internal nuclear fossa. The axoneme connects the head, neck and tail. The tail is divided into middle, principal and final pieces. The ‘9 + 9 + 2’ structure is surrounded by a mitochondrial sheath, which includes 9–11 mitochondria in transverse section. The sperm morphology is compared with the ultrastructure of other cephalopod spermatozoa, and taxonomic and phylogenetic implications are discussed.

This paper provides a generic diagnosis, a species list and taxonomy for the genus Symplocodes Hebard, 1929. The new species Symplocodes euryloba sp. nov. from China is described and illustrated. Symplocodes tsaii Bey-Bienko, 1958 is regarded as a subspecies of Symplocodes marmorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893), i.e. S. marmorata tsaii comb. nov., and its differences from S. marmorata marmorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893) are discussed. Two known species, Symplocodes ridleyi (Shelford, 1912) and Symplocodes manubria Feng et Guo, 1990, are redescribed and illustrated, whereas one new specific synonym, i.e. Symplocodes brachialis, is proposed. A key to species worldwide is provided. The tarsal claws of these four species as well as one species of Chorisoserrata Roth, 1998 are examined and photographed to compare the intergeneric differentiation of claw specialization and to discuss its function.

This paper provides a comprehensive faunal survey of the Rhopalidae from southern South America with emphasis on the fauna of Argentina, based on published and unpublished data. The biodiversity from Argentina comprises 38 recorded species from six genera: Arhyssus Stål 1870 (one species), Liorhyssus Stål 1870 (two species), Niesthrea Spinola 1837 (five species), Xenogenus Berg 1883 (two species), Harmostes Burmeister 1835 (20 species), and Jadera Stål 1862 (eight species). We established accurate distributions for most of the species and report new distributional information for 27 of them. Most of these records are from Argentinean provinces, but we also report five new country records: three from Argentina – Harmostes (Harmostes) splendens Harris 1944, H. (Neoharmostes) bergi Göllner-Scheiding 1998 and Arhyssus tricostatus (Spinola 1852); one from Brazil – Xenogenus picturatum Berg 1883; and one from Paraguay – Harmostes (Harmostes) gravidator (Fabricius 1794). Fil: Melo, María Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina Fil: Montemayor Borsinger, Sara Itzel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina