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[Objectives] The effects of the amount of Trichoderma in bio-nursey substrates on the growth of pepper seedlings and fruit weight per plant of pepper after transplanted into field were studied to reveal the relationship between the number of functional microbes in the bio-nursey substrates and the crop growth promoting effects. [Methods] The effects of bio-nursey substrates containing different amounts of Trichoderma on the dry weight and seedling index of pepper seedlings, fruit weight per plant of pepper after seedlings transplanted into field and the number of Trichoderma in the rhizosphere were studied using greenhouse and field experiments. [Results] The results of the two-seasonal pepper seedlings cultivation experiments showed that compared with the control of common nursey substrate without Trichoderma addition (SCK), the dry weight of pepper shoot for treatment containing 107 CFU·g-1 Trichoderma bio-nursey substrate (S4) significantly increased by 42.9% and 75.0%. Meanwhile, the strong seedling indices for treatments containing 107 CFU·g-1 (S4), 106 CFU·g-1 (S3) and 105 CFU·g-1 (S2) Trichaderma bio-nursey substrate significantly increased by 61.4%, 40.4% and 15.8% in the first season and significantly increased by 66.7%, 50.0% and 18.8% in the second season. Further the results of the two-season field trials exhibited that, compared to the control (CK) of pepper seedlings cultivated in the ordinary nursey substrate transplanted into field, the number of Trichoderma in the pepper rhizosphere was significantly enriched for the treatments of pepper seedlings grown in the bio-nursey substrates containing 107 CFU·g-1 (T4) or 106 CFU·g-1 (T3) Trichoderma transplanted into filed. An average increase of 8.1% and 5.4% for the number of Trichoderma in the the pepper rhizosphere for T4 and T3 treatments compared to CK were observed in the two seasons. The fruit weight per plant of pepper of treatments of pepper seedlings grown in the bio-nursey substrates containing 107 CFU·g-1 (T4), 106 CFU·g-1(T3), 105 CFU·g-1 (T2) Trichoderma transplanted into filed significantly increased by 61.2%, 39.6% and 21.4% on average in the two seasons. Moreover, Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlations between the number of Trichoderma in the bio-nursey substrates and the biomass of pepper seedlings, the fruit weight per plant of pepper thereafter transplanted into field, and the amount of Trichoderma in the rhizosphere. [Conclusions] The bio-nursey substrates containing more than 105 CFU·g-1 of Trichoderma could significantly promote the growth of pepper seedlings and yield after seedlings transplanted into field. And the effects of growth promotion and yield increasement is enhanced with the increases in the amount of functional microbes added into bio-nursey substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]