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Watip Tangjittipokin,1,2 Tassanee Narkdontri,1– 3 Nipaporn Teerawattanapong,1– 3 Benyapa Thanatummatis,4 Fauchil Wardati,4 Prasert Sunsaneevithayakul,5 Dittakarn Boriboonhirunsarn5 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 4Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Watip Tangjittipokin, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Tel +66 2-419-6635, Fax +66 2-418-1636, Email watip.tan@mahidol.eduBackground: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common association with hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance during pregnancy. The adipokines play an important to control insulin secretion and glucose. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal circulating adipokine levels and ADIPOQ gene polymorphism among pregnant women subjects with GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).Methods: Participants including 229 normal pregnant women and 197 GDM pregnant women were enrolled from 2015 to 2018 at Siriraj hospital. Serum adipokine levels including adiponectin, adipsin/factor D, NGAL/Lipocalin-2, total PAI-1, and resistin were measured by immunoassay. ADIPOQ variations were investigated including − 11377C/G (rs266729), +45T/G (rs2241766), and +276G/T (rs1501299).Results: Serum adiponectin concentration was also significantly decreased among the GDM who had aged less than 35 years old whereas adipsin levels were significantly lower among the GDM who had aged more than 35 years old. Also, adiponectin and total PAI-1 levels were significantly lower among the GDM who had a BMI of less than 30 kg/m2. The G allele frequency of ADIPOQ +45T/G was significantly different between GDM and controls (p = 0.03). ADIPOQ +45T/G was associated with an increased risk of GDM (odds ratio [OR]: 1.554; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.010– 2.390; p=0.045). The − 11377C/G was affected by the level of adiponectin (p = 0.04). The C allele of − 11377C/G SNP declined serum adiponectin levels and may be a risk factor for GDM.Conclusion: This study revealed that genetics play important roles in circulating adipokines among pregnant women. ADIPOQ polymorphisms had significant associations with adiponectin levels in GDM patients.Keywords: adiponectin, genetics, adipokine, gestational diabetes mellitus

Watip Tangjittipokin,1,2 Lanraphat Srisawat,1– 3 Nipaporn Teerawattanapong,1– 3 Tassanee Narkdontri,1– 3 Mayuree Homsanit,4 Nattachet Plengvidhya2,5 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Diabetes and Obesity (SiCORE-DO), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 4Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 5Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Nattachet Plengvidhya, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand, Tel +66 2-416-7797, Fax +66 2-419-7792, Email sinpv.natpl@gmail.comPurpose: This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of prediabetes (PreDM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in seemingly healthy persons attending a health check-up clinic at a tertiary care hospital.Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 1213 subjects (339 male, 874 female) who underwent an annual health check-up at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand from 2009 to 2019. Factors that independently related to PreDM were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age, BMI, and gender.Results: The prevalence of PreDM and MetS was 54.3% and 19.7% respectively. Participants with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 38.8– 46.4 mmol/mol had significantly higher waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) compared to those with IFG or HbA1c 38.8– 46.4 mmol/mol alone (P < 0.05). Among three PreDM subgroups, the average age was lowest in the HbA1c 38.8– 46.4 mmol/mol subgroup (P < 0.001). PreDM participants with MetS were older (p = 0.03), had higher WC, BP, fasting plasma glucose and serum triglyceride level (all P < 0.001) but had lower serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed high MetS score, obesity, and low serum HDL cholesterol level to be independently associated with PreDM with odds ratios of 9.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.03– 20.18), 1.8 (95% CI: 1.07– 3.04), and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.02– 1.96), respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of PreDM and MetS was relatively high in seemingly healthy persons. Distinct PreDM subgroups with or without MetS exhibited diverse clinical and biochemical features suggesting dissimilar pathogenesis.Keywords: seemingly healthy persons, health check-up clinic, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome

Watip Tangjittipokin,1,2 Tassanee Narkdontri,1–3 Nipaporn Teerawattanapong,1–3 Benyapa Thanatummatis,4 Fauchil Wardati,4 Prasert Sunsaneevithayakul,5 Dittakarn Boriboonhirunsarn5 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand; 2Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand; 3Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand; 4Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand; 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, ThailandCorrespondence: Watip Tangjittipokin, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand, Tel +66 2-419-6635, Fax +66 2-418-1636, Email watip.tan@mahidol.edu