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• Four-coordinate N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) Cu(I) complexes having the pyridyl-imidazolylidene ligand are synthesized and characterized. • The photophysical properties of the resulting complexes is investigated. • Complexes show yellow-green emission in 543–555 nm region with the higher photoluminescence efficiency. • DFT and TDDFT calculations are taken to support the differences of the photophysical properties. The synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of a series of the four-coordinate N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) copper(I) complexes are reported. These NHC-Cu(I) complexes contain two bidentate ligands, the R -substituted pyridyl-imidazolylidene-type ligand and diphosphine ligand bis [(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (POP). The photophysical properties of these complexes can be adjusted depending on the nature of substituents at 4-position of the phenyl ring in the NHC ligand. The metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption band can be observed for all complexes at 348–362 nm, and the emission wavelengths can be fine-tuned to cover the spectral range of 543–555 nm with the higher photoluminescence efficiency of up to 66.2% in the solid state. Density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were employed to support potophysical properties of the NHC-Cu(I) complexes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Four-coordinate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) Cu(I) complexes bearing different diphosphine ligands are synthesized and characterized. • The photophysical properties of the resulting complexes is investigated. • Complexes show yellow-green emission in 525–555 nm region with the phosphorescent origin. • The differences of the photophysical properties were rationalized by DFT and TDDFT calculations. Here, we report a series of the four-coordinate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) copper(I) complexes having the same bidenate NHC ligand and different bisphosphine (P^P) ligands, [Cu(CNbenPy-benzIm)(Naphphos)]PF 6 (P1), [Cu(CNbenPy-benzIm)(cyc-xantphos)]PF 6 (P2), and [Cu(CNbenPy-benzIm)(xantphos)]PF 6 (P3), (CNbenPy-benzIm = 3-(3-cyanobenzyl)-1-(5-phenylpyridin-2-yl)-1 H -imidazolylidene; BINAP = 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthalene; cyc-xantphos = (9,9-dimethyl-9 H -xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(dicyclohexylphosphine), xantphos = 9,9-dimethyl-9 H -xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine)). P1 exhibits the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption band at 366 nm with high molar extinction coefficient of 2.44 × 104 M−1 cm−1, while P2 and P3 show a blue-shift of the MLCT absorption band at 336–341 nm with the molar extinction coefficients of 0.82–1.16 × 104 M−1 cm−1, which are just a little lower than that of P1. The emission wavelengths of all NHC-Cu(I) complexes can be fine-tuned to cover the spectral range of 525–555 nm with the phosphorescent origin in PMMA films. P1 has the lowest photoluminescence efficiency of 5.50% with the red-shifted emission wavelength at 555 nm and the emission lifetime of 237 μs, whereas P3 show the highest photoluminescence efficiency of 39.5% with the blue-shifted emission wavelength at 525 nm and the emission lifetime of 64.4 μs. The differences for photophysical properties of NHC-Cu(I) complexes were rationalized using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three N,N-bidentate ligands, 2-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline ( 1 ), 2-(2-naphyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f]phenanthroline ( 2 ), and 2-(2-anthryl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f]phenanthroline ( 3 ) have been synthesized and characterized. Effects of aryl subsistiuents (phenyl, naphthyl, and anthryl) on the photophysical properties of these ligands in solution have been studied. Ligand 1 exhibit the main absorption band at 283 nm with the shoulder bands at 300–350 nm and these bands are assigned as the typical π→π* (imPhen) state (imPhen = 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline). A similar absorption spectrum was also observed in the case of 2, in which the charge transfer (CT) state should be considered. 3 shows the slightly different absorption properties compared to that of 1 and 2 . The highest-lying absorption band at 257 nm is assigned as a mixed π→π* (imPhen) /π→π* (Anth) (Anth = anthracene) state. Additionally, the characteristic absorption band of anthryl group with three vibronic bands at 352, 367, and 386 nm also observed in the visible region range from 340 to 400 nm. 1 shows the typical ligand-centered 1 π→π* emission, while 2 and 3 emit from the mixed 1 π→π*/CT states. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) were employed to rationalize the photophysical properties of these ligands studied. The theoretical data confirm the assignment of the experimental absorption spectra and the nature of the emitting states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three-coordinate copper(I) complexes bearing POP and monodentate substituted-quinoline ligands were synthesized and characterized. • The electron-donating/withdrawing groups including methoxyphenyl and trifluoromethylphenyl groups were inserted into the complexes. • Cu(I) complexes exhibited yellow-green emissions at 542-558 nm with longer excited-state lifetimes of 179–487 µs. • The photophysical properties were explained by DFT and TDDFT calculations. The three-coordinate Cu(I) complexes [Cu(POP)(X)]PF 6 , X = quinoline (P1), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)quinoline (P2), 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)quinoline (P3), POP = bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether were synthesized and characterized. The photophysical properties of these Cu(I) complexes were tuned by the addition of organic groups including methoxyphenyl and trifluoromethylphenyl groups into the quinoline ligand. The resulting complexes exhibit the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band in the lower energy. The emissions for all the complexes in solid state are in the range of 542–558 nm with higher quantum yields of 11.4–14.2% and long-lived excited lifetimes of 179–481 µs at room temperature. The photophysical properties were further explained by DFT and TDDFT methods. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Schiff base copper (I) complexes bearing the bulky adamantyl moiety were synthesized and characterized. • The electron-donating/withdrawing groups including –OCH 3 and –CF 3 were inserted into the complexes. • Cu(I) omplexes exhibited organe-red emissions at 611–619 nm with shorter excited-state lifetimes of 5.55–7.53 μs. • The origin of the emission is attributed the 3MLCT/3LLCT/3π-π* state supported by the TDDFT calculations. Herein, the three novel copper (I) complexes bearing Schiff base ligands of the types [Cu(Phen-PyMethylene-Adam-Amine)(POP)]PF6 (P1), [Cu(Methoxyl-Phen-PyMethylene-Adam-Amine)(POP)]PF6 (P2), and [Cu(TriflMethyl-Phen-PyMethylene-Adam-Amine)(POP)]PF6 (P3) (Phen-PyMethylene-Adam-Amine = ((5-phenylpyridin-2-yl)methylene)adamantan-1-amie, Methoxyl-Phen-PyMethylene-Adam-Amine = ((5-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)adamantan-1-amine, TriflMethyl-Phen-PyMethylene-Adam-Amine = ((5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)methylene)adamantan-1-amine, POP=bis[2- diphenylphosphino ]-phenyl)ether) have been prepared and investigated. Incorporation of the bulky adamantyl group into the complexes can enhance the stability of the complexes. The different electron-donating/withdrawing groups such as –H, –OCH 3 , and –CF 3 substituents were functionalized onto the pyridine ring part of Schiff base ligands to tune the emission behavior of the resulting Schiff base Cu(I) complexes. All complexes exhibit the lowest energy metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) characters in 400–450 nm region showing a slight blue-shift of the absorption wavelengths in the order P3 > P1 > P2. Organe-red emissions in the region of 611-619 nm with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of 1.0–1.3% can be observed in the solid state. Additionally, the photophysical properties are also investigated theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]