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Diacylglycerol analogs and phorbol esters are used as protein kinase C (PKC) activators to investigate the effect of PKC on L-type calcium current [ICa(L)] in cardiomyocytes. 1-2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (diC8) is a potent analog of diacylglycerol (DAG) which produces positive inotropic effects in guinea-pig atria cardiomyocytes via PKC activation. DiC8 effect on ICa(L), recorded (at 25 degrees C) in whole-cell voltage-clamp, was measured in 17-day-old embryonic chick cardiomyocytes in culture. ICa(L) was recorded in Na+, K(+)-free solution (external) and Ca(2+)-, K(+)-free solution (pipette), with depolarizing steps (to +10 mV) applied from a holding potential of -40 mV. Perfusion with different concentrations of diC8 (from 0.1 to 100 microM) inhibited ICa(L) in a dose-dependent manner, with half-maximal inhibition occurring at 12.5 microM. The effect of diC8 occurred rapidly, the effect beginning within 2 min and being completed within 5 min. In order to determine if the inhibitory effect of diC8 on ICa(L) was through activation of PKC, 25 microM diC8 was applied after pre-incubation of the cardiomyocytes with the PK inhibitors staurosporine (1 microM) or H-7 (50 microM). The effect of diC8 was not prevented by staurosporine or H-7. To further rule out the involvement of PKC in the action of diC8, experiments were performed using another analog of DAG, 1-oleyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG, 50 microM) and Angiotensin-II (A-II, 0.1 microM). OAG failed to produce any effect on ICa(L). A-II, believed to act by activation of PKC did not affect ICa(L) within a test period of 8 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

In cardiomyocytes of some animals, the Na+ current shows slow gating properties, and seems to contribute to the plateau phase of the action potential. In the present study, we characterized the fast Na+ current in freshly-isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from 18-day-old fetal rats, using whole-cell patch clamp, and examined a possible contribution of the Na+ current to action potential duration (APD). Currents were recorded (at 25 degrees C) in Ca(2+)-K(+)-free external and internal (pipette) solutions with 143 mM [Na]o and 20 mM [Na]i. The fast Na+ current was elicited by depolarizing steps above -47 mV from a holding potential of -97 mV. The maximal amplitude of the current was 735 +/- 94 pA (mean +/- S.E., n = 11) at -7 mV. The current density was 39.0 +/- 6.7 pA/pF (n = 9). The reversal potential was 51 +/- 3 mV (n = 11), agreeing with the equilibrium potential for Na+ (51 mV). The inward current was completely blocked in absence of [Na]o and by tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10 microns). The inactivation curve (h infinity) was sigmoidal between -127 and -27 mV, the half-inactivation potential and slope factor (k) being -69 and 9.5 mV, respectively. The activation curve (normalized gNa) was also sigmoidal, with half-activation voltage and k of -27 mV and -8.4 mV, respectively. The two curves overlapped from -60 to -30 mV. The current decay was best fitted by a two-exponential equation: (a) the time constant of the fast component (tau if) decreased from 3.9 +/- 0.6 ms at -37 mV to 0.8 +/- 0.1 ms at 23 mV; (b) the slow component (tau is) declined from 31 +/- 8 ms to 16 +/- ms at the same potentials. The recovery from inactivation had also two components: fast (tau rf = 10 +/- 2 ms) and slow (tau rs = 307 +/- 44 ms). TTX (1 micron) decreased the slow inactivating component and ADP50 by 69.5 +/- 4.2% and 25 +/- 6%, respectively. Therefore, the Na+ current in rat fetal cardiomyocytes may significantly contribute to the plateau phase of the action potential. The kinetics properties of the fast Na+ current of the 18-day fetal cardiomyocytes were compared with those from 1-day old neonatal rats. The current density was lower and the current decay was slower in the fetal cells in comparison with neonatal cells.