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Detailed soundings of temperature and humidity between the surface and 1000 ft in warm air moving over cooler water are studied to determine the vertical transfer of heat and water vapor due to turbulence. Under simplifying assumptions, values of the eddy diffusivity are determined from the data at several heights and distances from shore and under varying wind and stability conditions. A simple model, in which the eddy diffusivity increases linearly with height in the lowest meter or two and is independent of height at higher levels, is shown to be consistent with the observations. more...

The stratospheric warming of January-February 1957 is discussed with reference to the temperature and circulation changes which occurred. We attempt to present a concise description, rather than an explanation, of the observed sequence of events, beginning with 10-mb temperature rises in mid-January and ending with extensive circulation changes in February. more...

The average surface-pressure variations after geomagnetically disturbed and geomagnetically quiet days are studied at various locations in a network covering the northern hemisphere between 30 and 70°N. For the same location and the same period of time, a marked negative correlation between the two average variations exists. A small amount of this correlation stems from serial correlations in the data. However, a careful statistical analysis indicates that a large part of the correlation results from unknown causes and presumably demonstrates a link between phenomena in the ionosphere and the troposphere. more...

Radiational heating of the mesosphere results principally from absorption of ultraviolet radiation by ozone. For conditions of photochemical equilibrium, the amount of ozone present near the mesopeak depends critically on the temperature. Relatively high temperature results in less ozone and less heating. Calculations presented herein show that this effect has a strong stabilizing influence on the temperature values near the mesopeak. more...