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The transient receptor potential channel TRPV5 contributes to the apical entry pathway for transcellular calcium reabsorption in the kidney. Acid load causes hypercalciuria in animals and humans. We have previously reported that intracellular protons directly inhibit TRPV5. Here, we examined the effects of intracellular pH on single-channel activity of TRPV5. We found that TRPV5 channels exhibit full and subconductance open states in excised inside–out patches of Chinese hamster ovary cells. The slope conductance values (Na+ as a charge carrier, between −25 and −75 m V) for full and subconductance opening at intracellular pH 7.4 were 59 ± 6 and 29 ± 3 pS, respectively. Intracellular acidification caused a small decrease in single-channel conductance. Importantly, intracellular acidification decreased open probability for the full and subconductance states and increased probability for closing. To investigate how intracellular protons decrease open probability of the channel, we proposed a simple three-state model for open–subconductance–closed state transition and examined the effects of acidification on the respective forward and reverse rate constants. We found that intracellular acidification decreases opening of TRPV5 predominantly by promoting a transition from the subconductance to the closed state. Thus, intracellular acidification directly inhibits TRPV5 by causing a conformational change(s) leading to a decrease of open probability of TRPV5 as well as of the single-channel conductance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transient receptor potential channel TRPV5 is localized to the apical membrane of the distal renal tubule and plays an important role in the regulation of transepithelial Ca2+ reabsorption in kidney. We have previously reported that extracellular protons inhibit TRPV5 by binding to glutamate-522 (E522) in the extracellular domain of the channel. We suggested that E522 is an extracellular “pH sensor” and its titration by extracellular protons inhibits TRPV5 via conformational change(s) of the pore helix. We now report that mutation of a pore helix residue glutamate-535 to glutamine (E535Q) enhances the sensitivity of the channel to inhibition by extracellular protons (i.e., shifting the apparent pKa for inhibition by extracellular protons to the more alkaline extracellular pH). The enhancement of extracellular proton-mediated inhibition of E535Q mutant is also dependent on E522. We have also reported that intracellular acidification enhances the sensitivity of TRPV5 to inhibition by extracellular protons. We now find that modulation of the extracellular proton-mediated inhibition by intracellular acidification is preserved in the E535Q mutant. These results provide further support for the idea that pore helix is involved in the regulation of TRPV5 by extracellular protons. Inhibition of TRPV5 by extracellular protons may contribute to hypercalciuria in diseases associated with high acid load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]