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This article examines the Pearl-poem for its anticipation and regulation of reader response. The poet constructs a visionary world just on the cusp of revelation and as such provides the reader the opportunity to finish the vision when the Dreamer wakes. Pearl is a kind of self-contained gem, complete and wholly enticing. However, the Dreamer's inability to understand and the author's apparent powerlessness to produce a perfect form have driven some critics to see the poem as the sum of its failures. These "flaws" in form and character are better understood as authorial strategies to activate and regulate the reader's response. This article suggests that the author purposefully constructed Pearl at the point of near completion to allow the reader to finish the vision in controlled, and orthodox, ways. The Pearl-poet manages this by exploiting the reader's expectations for a visionary text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the expansion of jurisprudence in the twelfth century was a direct outgrowth of theological scholasticism, several historians of law such as Richard Helmholz have noted that the use of sacred scripture as a basis for jurisprudence steadily declined in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. He identified the increasing relegation of biblical references to an ornamental, rather than a fundamental, mode of citation beginning with the earliest post-Gratian glosses and treatises. Because the Dominican Order of Preachers, renowned for their biblical preaching, also produced many great canonists and legal texts, the question of whether their legal writings experienced a similar decline is of particular interest. In the present study, a close reading of two Dominican procedurals for confessors and penitents will conclude that the Dominicans themselves recognized the difference between fundamental and ornamental citation and that they began to streamline their biblical references, removing ornamental and leaving only fundamental citations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]