1. Navigating CYP1A Induction and Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Agonism in Drug Discovery. A Case History with S1P1 Agonists
- Author
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Aarti Patel, Nigel Deeks, Maxine A. Taylor, Jason Witherington, Dung Nguyen, Robert J. Watson, Rino A. Bit, Fiona McClure, Emmanuel Hubert Demont, James Gray, Holly Ashall, Steve R. Hood, and Simon Taylor
- Subjects
Models, Molecular ,Context (language use) ,Pharmacology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Mice ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Dogs ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ,In vivo ,Drug Discovery ,Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ,Animals ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Receptor ,biology ,Drug discovery ,Chemistry ,Cytochrome P450 ,Lipids ,In vitro ,Rats ,Up-Regulation ,Macaca fascicularis ,Receptors, Lysosphingolipid ,Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ,Drug development ,Drug Design ,Enzyme Induction ,Hepatocytes ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine - Abstract
This article describes the finding of substantial upregulation of mRNA and enzymes of the cytochrome P450 1A family during a lead optimization campaign for small molecule S1P1 agonists. Fold changes in mRNA up to 10,000-fold for CYP1A1 in vivo in rat and cynomolgus monkey and up to 45-fold for CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in vitro in rat and human hepatocytes were observed. Challenges observed with correlating induction in vitro and induction in vivo resulted in the implementation of a short, 4 day in vivo screening study in the rat which successfully identified noninducers. Subtle structure-activity relationships in this series of S1P1 agonists are described extending beyond planarity and lipophilicity, and the impact and considerations of AhR and CYP1A induction in the context of drug development are discussed.
- Published
- 2015