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This paper reviews the outbreaks of SARS and Covid-19 in Taiwan and their implications for public health and policy. SARS, a novel coronavirus that emerged in China in 2003, caused severe respiratory illness and spread rapidly across Asia, including Taiwan. Covid-19, another novel coronavirus that originated in China in 2019, posed a similar threat to Taiwan due to the high volume of cross-border travel. However, Taiwan learned from its experience with SARS and implemented timely and effective measures to contain the virus and protect its population. The paper draws on evidence from various sources, such as reviews, correspondence, and diaries, to examine how Taiwan responded to both epidemics. It highlights the role of the government, the health care system, the media, and the public in preventing and controlling the spread of infection. It also compares the economic and social impacts of SARS and Covid-19 on Taiwan and other countries. The paper argues that Taiwan's success in managing both epidemics demonstrates its maturity and competence in epidemic prevention and preparedness. It also suggests that Taiwan's model can serve as a reference for other countries facing similar challenges. The paper concludes by acknowledging the ongoing threat of emerging infectious diseases and calling for global cooperation and vigilance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe the image retakes program over several decades, and identify the causes of issues due to rejection rates. This study is a literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Articles were searched from Google Scholar (3140) and Scopus (18) using keywords "Reject" or "Repeat" or "Retakes" and "Analysis" and "in" and "Diagnostic" and "Imaging". The article range was expanded to describe the profile of repeat analysis from the use of film-screen to digital transformation systems. Based on the established criteria, 20 articles were extracted and analyzed. From the literature, it was found that repeat rates above 5% were still found in some examination categories, with chest radiography contributing the highest rejection rate, reaching 51.67%, with the biggest contributing factor being positioning (84.8%). There are interesting findings related to this program, where subjective factors in determining the classification of rejection causes still exist. One study mentioned that AI can predict image rejection accuracy with a sensitivity of 93%. Therefore, the use of AI can be very helpful in classifying rejection causes, making data available for more efficient and easier radiology management. Repeat program is part of image quality management. The justification for rejection decisions still poses a challenge related to personnel's subjective factors and determining the causes of rejection/repeat must also be done to obtain concrete data related to radiography performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It will review the status, skills, challenges of educating and teaching. Understanding the use of artificial intelligence within daily clinical practice, why it is fundamental and justification on why learning about AI is essential for wider adoption. This exploratory research will outline the current educational and training gaps for radiographers and radiologists in AI radiology diagnostics. The current knowledge among RR is very sparse, country dependent and with radiologist being the majority of the end-users for AI their targeted training and learning AI opportunities surpasses ones available to radiographers. There are many papers that suggest there is a lack of knowledge, understanding and training of AI in radiology amongst RR, and because of this they are unable to comprehend exactly how AI works, integrates, the benefits of using it and its limitations. There appears to be an obvious gap between the content of what the training program offers and what the RR needs and wants to learn. Due to this there is a risk of ineffective learning outcomes and attendees feeling lack of clarity and depth of understanding the practicality of using AI in a clinical environment. Undergraduate and postgraduate courses should be developed robustly ensuring the delivery of it is with expertise within that field, in addition, training, and other programs should be delivered as a way of continued professional development and align with accredited institutions for a degree of quality assurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdominal ectopic pregnancy is a rare form of pregnancy that occurs within the abdominal cavity. This type of pregnancy has a high morbidity and mortality, due to the high risk of hemorrhage from the placenta attachment area. As the symptoms may vary among patients, this rare type of ectopic pregnancy is often misdiagnosed. Therefore, proper imaging in diagnosing the case is essential for the successful management of this rare pregnancy. A 29-year-old woman at 10 weeks' gestation presented to the hospital with bleeding coming from the birth canal. She had been suffering from abdominal pain since the gestational age of 5 weeks. Non-contrast MR Imaging was performed on the patients as an emergency. The MRI protocols were Pelvic Axial T1W1, T2WI, DWI/ADC, T2 Blade Fatsat Sagital, T2 Truffi Coronal, and Sagital/Coronal T2WI without contrast. The imaging demonstrated a single fetus within the right pelvic cavity with suspected intra-abdominal hemorrhage. This paper discusses the importance of imaging in abdominal pregnancy, including findings and technical considerations for radiographers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2021, the Indonesian Government, through the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency, or BAPETEN, officially released the Indonesian Diagnostic Reference Levels (IDRLs) for various CT Scan and general radiography examinations. This paper reviews the current IDRLs for CT Scan examinations, including the establishment process of IDRLs, compares them to DRLs in other countries, discusses challenges in their implementation, and considers opportunities for future development. The literature was investigated by searching through different databases using a variety of keyword combinations, such as Indonesian Diagnostic Reference Levels, SI-INTAN, Diagnostic Reference Levels in Australia, JAPAN DRLs, etc. This study only included references from reliable sources, such as journal articles, official government websites, reports, and textbooks published in either English or Bahasa Indonesia. The IDRLs were established through a national dose survey using a web-based national dose registry portal called SI-INTAN. Currently, there are 11 IDRLs for adult CT Scan in Indonesia, but no DRLs dedicated to children have been established yet. Effective implementation of IDRLs might be challenging due to confusion caused by different terminologies used in the decree and practice, as well as limited understanding of the concept and current status of IDRL by Indonesian radiographers. Further development of clinical-based IDRLs could improve implementation. Overall, the establishment of IDRLs reflects the Indonesian government's commitment to patient radiation safety. However, there is still room for improvement towards the effective implementation of IDRLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]