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Background: Given the fact that the studies that examined oxidative stress in relation to obesity that included late adolescents are scarce and show inconclusive results we aimed to investigate a wide spectrum of nitro-oxidative stress biomarkers i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA), xanthine oxidase (XO), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOD), xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and nitric oxide products (NOx), as well as an antioxidative enzyme, i.e., catalase (CAT) in relation with obesity in the cohort of adolescent girls ages between 16 and 19 years old. Methods: A total of 59 teenage girls were included in this cross-sectional study. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine possible associations between bio- chemical and nitro-oxidative stress markers and body mass index (BMI). Results: There were not significant differences between oxidative stress markers between normal weight and overweight/obese girls (i.e., AOPP, XOD, XO, XDH) and CAT, except for MDA (p

Background:Association between endocan and non-traditional anthropometric indices, as distinct cardio -vascular disease risk factors, has not been examined inprevious studies. Endocan is a novel inflammationbiomarker with its higher levels involved in cardiometabolicdiseases development. Taking into consideration thatobesity is an independent risk factor for many cardio -metabolic diseases, we aimed to explore the relationshipbetween endocan levels and novel anthropometric indices i.e., body adiposity index (BAI), cardiometabolic index(CMI), a body shape index, body roundness index, conicityindex, lipid accumulation product index and visceraladiposity index and traditional ones i.e., waist circum -ference, hip circumference, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio in adult population.Methods:A total of 177 participants were included.Anthropometric indices and biochemical parametres weremeasured. Results:Univariate regression analysis demonstrated posi-tive correlations of endocan and almost all anthropometricdata. To explore independent associations of endocan andanthropometric parameters, the Model which fulfilled crite-ria for ordinal regression testing was created. Adjusted odds for BAI given in the Model (OR=1.120, 95% CI1.036–1.212, P=0.004), demonstrated that a rise in BAIby 1 unit increased the probability of higher endocan con-centration by 12%. As well, a rise in CMI for 1 unit,increased the probability for higher endocan levels for 2.6times (OR=2.599, 95% CI 1.006–6.712, P=0.049). Atotal of 20.1% of variation in endocan levels could beexplained by this Model.Conclusions:Non-traditional obesity indices, BAI and CMIindependently correlated with higher serum endocan levelsin adult population. Uvod: Povezanost endokana sa netradicionalnim antropometrijskim parametrima, kao različitim faktorima rizika za kardiovaskularne bolesti, nije ispitivana u prethodnim studijama. Endokan je novi biomarker inflamacije, čije su veće vrednosti zabeležene kod kardiometaboličkih poremećaja. Znajući da je gojaznost nezavisan faktor rizika za mnoga kardiometabolička oboljenja, cilj je bio da se ispita povezanost endokana i novih antropometrijskih pokazatelja tj. indeks telesne gojaznosti (BAI), kardiometabolički indeks (CMI), indeks oblika tela, indeks zaokruženosti tela, indeks koniciteta, indeks produkata lipidne akumulacije i indeks visceralne gojaznosti i onih tradicionalnih tj. obim struka, obim kukova, indeks telesne mase, odnos obim struka/telesna visina, odnos obim struka/obim kukova u populaciji odraslih. Metode: Ukupno 177 ispitanika je učestvovalo u istraživanju. Mereni su antropometrijski i biohemijski parametri. Rezultati: Univarijantna regresiona analiza je pokazala pozitivnu korelaciju endokana i skoro svih ispitivanih antropometrijskih parametara. U cilju daljeg ispitivanja postojanja nezavisnih korelacija endokana i antropometrijskih parametara, kreiran je Model koji je zadovoljio kriterijume za ordinalnu regresiju. Prilagođeni Odds-ovi za BAI u Modelu (OR=1,120, 95% CI 1,036-1,212, P=0,004), su pokazali da je porast BAI za 1 jedinicu povećao verovatnoću za porast koncentracije endokana za 12%. Takođe, porast CMI za 1 jedinicu, povećao je verovatnoću za veće vrednosti endokana za 2,6 puta (OR=2,599, 95% CI 1,006-6,712, P=0,049). Ukupno 20,1% varijabiliteta u vrednostima koncentracije endokana može biti objašnjeno ovim Modelom. Zaključak: Netradicionalni pokazatelji gojaznosti, BAI i CMI su nezavisno povezani sa većim vrednostima endokana u populaciji odraslih.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in wide world population. Dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to disruption of endothelium structure and function, atherosclerosis and CAD. Our study was aimed to determine whether Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) gene expression could be modulated by oxidative stress in CAD patients.This study included 77 CAD patients and 31 apparently healthy persons. Serum lipid levels, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), total antioxidant status (TAS) and thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) were measured. SOD isoenzymes gene expression was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Mn SOD messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels were significantly lower in CAD patients than in controls (p=0.011), while Cu/Zn SOD mRNA levels did not change significantly between tested groups (p=0.091). We found significantly lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) (p0.001) and TAS (p0.001) levels and significantly higher hsCRP (p=0.002) and TBARS (p0.001) in CAD patients than in controls. There were significant positive correlations between TAS and Mn SOD mRNA (ρ=0.243, p=0.020) and TAS and Cu/Zn SOD mRNA (r=0.359, p0.001). TBARS negatively correlated only with Cu/Zn SOD mRNA (ρ=-0.215, p=0.040). TAS levels remained independent predictor for Mn SOD mRNA levels (OR=2.995, p=0.034).Results of this study showed that Mn SOD gene expression were decreased in CAD patients compared to controls and can be modulated by non-enzymatic antioxidant status in blood.Koronarna arterijska bolest (KAB) je jedan od najvažnijih uzročnika mortaliteta i morbiditeta u širokoj svetskoj populaciji. Dislipidemija, inflamacija i oksidativni stres mogu doprineti poremecaju strukture i funkcije endotela, nastanku ateroskleroze i KAB. Naša studija je imala za cilj da utvrdi da li ekspresije gena Cu/Zn supsoksid dismutaze (Cu/Zn SOD) i Mn superoksid dismutaze (Mn SOD) mogu da budu promenjene pod uticajem oksidativnog stresa kod pacijenata sa KAB.Ova studija je obuhvatila 77 pacijenata sa KAB i 31 naizgled zdravih osoba kod kojih su određeni nivoi serumskih lipida, visoko osetljivi C-reaktivni protein (hsCRP), ukupni antioksidativni status (TAS) i tiobarbituratna kiselina-reagujuće supstance (TBKRS). Ekspresija gena izoenzima SOD određena je u mononuklearnim ćelijama periferne krvi pomoću metode kvantitativne lančane reakcije polimeraze.Nivoi informacione ribonukleinske kiseline (iRNK) Mn SOD su značajno bili niži kod pacijenata sa KAB nego kod kontrole (p=0,011), dok se nivoi Cu/Zn SOD iRNK nisu značajno razlikovali između ispitanih grupa (p=0,091). Kod pacijenata sa KAB utvrđeni su znatno nižinivoi holesterola u lipoproteinima visoke gustine (HDL-h) (p0,001) i TAS (p0,001) i znatno veće koncentracije hsCRP (p=0,002) i TBKRS (p0,001). Postojale su značajne pozitivne korelacije između TAS i iRNK Mn SOD (ρ=0,243, p=0,020) i TAS i iRNK Cu/Zn SOD (ρ= 0,359, p0,001). TBKRS su bile u negativnoj korelaciji samo sa iRNK Cu/Zn SOD (ρ =-0,215, p= 0,040). TAS je bio nezavisni prediktor za nivoe iRNK Mn SOD (OR=2,995, p=0,034).Rezultati ove studije pokazali su da je ekspresija Mn SOD gena smanjena kod pacijenata sa KAB u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom i da može biti modulirana neenzimskim antioksidativnim statusom u krvi.

Nitric oxide (NO) is oxidative stress biomarker which is regarded as one of the key determinants of energy metabolism and vascular tone. Considering the controversial reports on the association between nitric oxide products (NOx) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), the aim of the current study was to examine that potential relationship. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate a broad spectrum of other oxidative stress biomarkers [i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOD), xanthine oxidase (XO) xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH)] in relation with MetS.A total of 109 volunteers (46.8% of them with MetS) were included in this cross-sectional study. Biohemical and anthropometric parameters, as well as blood pressure, were obtained. The MetS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that XOD (OR=1.011; 95% CI 1.002-1.019; p=0.016), XO (OR=1.014; 95% CI 1.003-1.026; p=0.016), MDA (OR=1.113; 95% CI 1.038-1.192; p=0.003) and AOPP (OR=1.022; 95% CI 1.005-1.039; p=0.012) were the independent predictors of MetS, whereas no association between NOx and MetS was found. As XOD rose for 1 U/L, XO for 1 U/L, MDA for 1 μmol/L and AOPP for 1 T/L, probability for MetS rose for 1.1%, 1.4%, 11.3% and 2.2%, respectively. Adjusted RUnlike XOD, MDA and AOPP, NOx is not associated with MetS.Azot-monoksid (NO) je biomarker oksidativnog stresa i smatra se jednom od ključnih determinanti energetskog metabolizma i vaskularnog tonusa. S obzirom na oprečne rezultate dosadašnjih studija koje se odnose na povezanost između produkata azot-monoksida (NOx) i metaboličkog sindroma (MetS), cilj ove studije je da se ispita njihova potencijalna povezanost. Takođe, cilj je i da se ispita povezanost između širokog spektra ostalih biomarkera oksidativnog stresa [npr., malondialdehida (MDA), produkata uznapredovale oksidacije proteina (AOPP), ksantin oksidoreduktaze (XOD), ksantin oksidaze (XO) i ksantin dehidrogenaze (XDH)] i MetS.Ukupno 109 dobrovoljaca (od kojih je 46,8% ispunjavalo kriterijume za MetS) je uključeno u studiju preseka. Mereni su biohemijski i antropometrijski parametri, kao i krvni pritisak. Dijagnoza MetS-a je postavljena prema kriterijumima Međunarodnog udruženja za dijabetes.Multivarijantna logistička regresija je pokazala da su XOD (OR=1,011; 95% CI 1,002–1,019; p=0,016), XO (OR=1,014; 95% CI 1,003–1,026; p=0,016), MDA (OR=1,113; 95% CI 1,038–1,192; p=0,003) i AOPP (OR=1,022; 95% CI 1,005–1,039; p=0,012) nezavisni prediktori MetS-a, ali postojanje povezanosti između NOx i MetS nije utvrđeno. Sa porastom XOD za 1 U/L, XO za 1 U/L, MDA za 1 μmol/L i AOPP za 1 T/L verovatnoćapojave MetS-a je rasla za 1,1%, 1,4%, 11,3% i 2,2%. Prilagođeni RZa razliku od XOD, MDA i AOPP, NOx nisu povezani sa MetS-om.

Alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) and uric acid cut-off levels used in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosis are advised to be lowered. Due to contradictory results on the utility of both these biomarkers for NAFLD screening, we aimed to determine their cut-off levels that can be applied to Montenegrin population with the fatty liver disease.A total of 771 volunteers were enrolled. A fatty liver index (FLI) score ≥60 was used as proxy of NAFLD. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with the area under the curve (AUC) was used to determine the cut-off values of ALT and uric acid associated with FLI ≥60.ALT was independent predictor of FLI in both men and women, whereas serum uric acid was its independent predictor only in women. Lower cut-off levels of ALT are associated with the increased prevalence of NAFLD [i.e., ALT was 19 IU/L (AUC=0.746, sensitivity 63%, specificity 72%, P0.001) in women and 22 IU/L (AUC=0.804, sensitivity 61%, specificity 95%, P0.001) in men]. The cut-off value for uric acid was 274 μmol/L (AUC=0.821, sensitivity 68%, specificity 82%, P0.001) in women.Lower cut-off levels of ALT in both genders, and serum uric acid in females, can be reliable predictors of the FLI.Preporuka skorijih studija je da cut-off vrednosti alanin-aminotransferaze (ALT) i mokraćne kiseline budu niže u cilju dijagnostikovanja nealkoholne steatoze jetre. S obzirom na postojanje oprečnih rezultata kada su u pitanju ovi biomarkeri u cilju skrininga na nealkoholnu steatozu jetre, cilj ove studije je bio da se odrede cut-off vrednosti koje bi mogle biti primenjive u crnogorskoj populaciji za dijagnostiku ovog poremećaja.Istraživanje je obuhvatilo ukupno 771 dobrovoljca. Indeks masne jetre (engl. fatty liver index-FLI) ≥60 je korišten za dijagnostikovanje nealkoholne steatoze jetre. ROC analiza i površina ispod krive (engl. area under the curve-AUC) su korišteni za određivanje cut-off vrednosti ALT i mokraćne kiseline, koji su povezani sa FLI ≥60.ALT je nezavisan prediktor FLI kod oba pola, dok je mokraćna kiselina nezavisan prediktor masne jetre samo kod žena. Takođe, niže cut-off vrednosti ALT su povezane sa većom prevalencom pojave masne jetre [za ALT kod žena vrednost je 19 IU/L (AUC=0,746, senzitivnost 63%, specifičnost 72%, P0,001), a kod muškaraca je 22 IU/L (AUC=0,804, senzitivnost 61%, specifičnost 95%, P0,001)]. Cut-off vrednost za mokraćnu kiselinu za pojavu masne jetre kod žena je 274 μmol/L (AUC=0,821, senzitivnost 68%, specifičnost 82%, P0,001).Niže cut-off vrednosti ALT kod oba pola, kao i niže vrednosti mokraćne kiseline kod žena, mogu biti pouzdani prediktori za pojavu masne jetre.

Studies that evaluated endocan levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis are scarce. We aimed to explore endocan levels in relation to different stages of liver diseases, such as NAFLD, as determined with fatty liver index (FLI) and liver fibrosis, as assessed with BARD score. A total of 147 participants with FLI≥60 were compared with 64 participants with FLI