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This paper is devoted to the study of the qualitative properties of solutions to boundary-value problems for strongly elliptic differential-difference equations. Some results for these equations such as existence and smoothness of generalized solutions in certain subdomains of Q were obtained earlier. Nevertheless, the smoothness of generalized solutions of such problems can be violated near the boundary of these subdomains even for infinitely differentiable right-hand side. The subdomains are defined as connected components of the set that is obtained from the domain Q by throwing out all possible shifts of the boundary Q by vectors of a certain group generated by shifts occurring in the difference operators. For the one dimensional Neumann problem for differential-difference equations there were obtained conditions on the coefficients of difference operators, under which for any continuous right-hand side there is a classical solution of the problem that coincides with the generalized solution. 2 Also there was obtained the smoothness (in Sobolev spaces W k ) of generalized solutions of the second and the third boundary-value problems for strongly elliptic differential-difference equations in subdomains excluding -neighborhoods of certain points. However, the smoothness (in Ho lder spaces) of generalized solutions of the second boundary-value problem for strongly elliptic differential-difference equations on the boundary of adjacent subdomains was not considered. In this paper, we study this question in Ho lder spaces. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the coefficients of difference operators that guarantee smoothness of the generalized solution on the boundary of adjacent subdomains for any right-hand side from the Ho lder space.

A goal of the paper is to prove new inequalities connecting some functionals of probability distribution functions. These inequalities are based on the strict convexity of functions used in the definition of the functionals. The starting point is the paper “Cramer–von Mises distance: probabilistic interpretation, confidence intervals and neighborhood of model validation” by Ludwig Baringhaus and Norbert Henze. The present paper provides a generalization of inequality obtained in probabilistic interpretation of the Cramer–von Mises distance. If the equality holds there, then a chance to give characterization of some probability distribution functions appears. Considering this fact and a special character of the functional, it is possible to create a class of free-of-distribution two sample tests.

We show that the phase tropical pair-of-pants is (ambient) isotopic to the complex pair-of-pants. This paper can serve as an addendum to the author's joint paper with Ruddat arXiv:2001.08267 where an isotopy between complex and ober-tropical pairs-of-pants was shown. Thus all three versions are isotopic., 10 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2001.08267

The paper is devoted to one open extremal problem in the geometric function theory of complex variables associated with estimates of a functional defined on the systems of non-overlapping domains. We consider the problem of the maximum of a product of inner radii of n non-overlapping domains containing points of a unit circle and the power γ of the inner radius of a domain containing the origin. The problem was formulated in 1994 in Dubinin’s paper in the journal “Russian Mathematical Surveys” in the list of unsolved problems and then repeated in his monograph in 2014. Currently, it is not solved in general. In this paper, we obtained a solution of the problem for five simply connected domains and power γ ∈ (1; 2:57] and generalized this result to the case of multidimensional complex space.

The paper presents a general duality theory for vector measure spaces taking its origin in the author's papers written in the 1960s. The main result establishes a direct correspondence between the geometry of a measure in a vector space and the properties of the space of measurable linear functionals on this space regarded as closed subspaces of an abstract space of measurable functions. An example of useful new features of this theory is the notion of a free measure and its applications., Comment: 20 pp.23 Ref

The notion of the supercharacter theory was introduced by P. Diaconis and I. M. Isaaks in 2008. In this paper, we present a review of the main notions and facts of the general theory and discuss the construction of the supercharacter theory for algebra groups and the theory of basic characters for unitriangular groups over a finite field. Based on his earlier papers, the author constructs the supercharacter theory for finite groups of triangular type. The structure of the Hopf algebra of supercharacters for triangular groups over finite fields is also characterized.

In this paper, for the mapping of a sphere into a compact orientable manifold S n → M , n ⩾ 1 , we solve the problem of determining whether it represents a nontrivial element in the homotopy group of the manifold π n ( M ) πn(M ). For this purpose, we consistently use the theory of iterated integrals developed by K.-T. Chen. It should be noted that the iterated integrals as repeated integration were previously meaningfully used by Lappo-Danilevsky to represent solutions of systems of linear differential equations and by Whitehead for the analytical description of the Hopf invariant for mappings f : S 2 n - 1 → S n , n ⩾ 2 . We give a brief description of Chen’s theory, representing Whitehead’s and Haefliger’s formulas for the Hopf invariant and generalized Hopf invariant. Examples of calculating these invariants using the technique of iterated integrals are given. Further, it is shown how one can detect any element of the fundamental group of a Riemann surface using iterated integrals of holomorphic forms. This required to prove that the intersection of the terms of the lower central series of the fundamental group of a Riemann surface is a unit group.

Let $X,X_1,\ldots,X_n$ be independent identically distributed random variables. The paper deals with the question about the behavior of the concentration function of the random variable $\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n}X_k a_k$ according to the arithmetic structure of vectors $a_k$. Recently, the interest to this question has increased significantly due to the study of distributions of eigenvalues of random matrices. In this paper we formulate and prove multidimensional generalizations of the results Eliseeva and Zaitsev (2012). They are also the refinements of the results of Friedland and Sodin (2007) and Rudelson and Vershynin (2009)., Comment: 13 pages

In the paper stochastic Volterra equations of nonscalar type in Hilbert space are studied. The aim of the paper is to provide some results on stochastic convolution and mild solutions to those Volterra equations. The motivation of the paper comes from a model of aging viscoelastic materials. The pseudo-resolvent approach is used., 10 pages, extended contribution to ISSPSM2005

In this paper, we consider initial-boundary value problem on semiaxis for generalized Kawahara equation with higher-order nonlinearity. We obtain the result on existence and uniqueness of the global solution. Also, if the equation contains the absorbing term vanishing at infinity, we prove that the solution decays at large time values.

On the base of boundary-value, spectral and initial-boundary value problems studied earlier for the case of single domain, we consider corresponding problems generated by sesquilinear form for two domains. Arising operator pencils with corresponding operator coefficients acting in a Hilbert space and depending on two parameters are studied in detail. In the perturbed and unperturbed cases, we consider two situations when one of the parameters is spectral and the other is fixed. In this paper, we use the superposition principle that allow us to present the solution of the original problem as a sum of solutions of auxiliary boundary-value problems containing inhomogeneity either in the equation or in one of the boundary conditions. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the correct solvability of boundary-value problems on given time interval are obtained. The theorems on properties of the spectrum and on the completeness and basicity of the system of root elements are proved.

In this paper, we discuss methods and approaches for definition of multiplication of distributions, which is not defined in general in the classical theory. We show that this problem is related to the fact that the operator of multiplication by a smooth function is nonclosable in the space of distributions. We give the general method of construction of new objects called new distributions, or mnemofunctions, that preserve essential properties of usual distributions and produce algebras as well. We describe various methods of embedding of distribution spaces into algebras of mnemofunctions. All ideas and considerations are illustrated by the simplest example of the distribution space on a circle. Some effects arising in study of equations with distributions as coefficients are demonstrated by example of a linear first-order differential equation.

In this paper, we obtain the criterion of boundedness of maximal operators associated with smooth hypersurfaces. Also we compute the exact value of the boundedness index of such operators associated with arbitrary convex analytic hypersurfaces in the case where the height of a hypersurface in the sense of A. N. Varchenko is greater than 2. Moreover, we obtain the exact value of the boundedness index for degenerated smooth hypersurfaces, i.e., for hypersurfaces satisfying conditions of the classical Hartman-Nirenberg theorem. The obtained results justify the Stein-Iosevich-Sawyer hypothesis for arbitrary convex analytic hypersurfaces as well as for smooth degenerated hypersurfaces. Also we discuss some related problems of the theory of oscillatory integrals.

In 1998, Kleinbock & Margulis established a conjecture of V.G. Sprindzuk in metrical Diophantine approximation (and indeed the stronger Baker-Sprindzuk conjecture). In essence the conjecture stated that the simultaneous homogeneous Diophantine exponent $w_{0}(\vv x) = 1/n$ for almost every point $\vv x$ on a non-degenerate submanifold $\cM$ of $\R^n$. In this paper the simultaneous inhomogeneous analogue of Sprindzuk's conjecture is established. More precisely, for any `inhomogeneous' vector $\bm\theta\in\R^n$ we prove that the simultaneous inhomogeneous Diophantine exponent $w_{0}(\vv x, \bm\theta)= 1/n$ for almost every point $\vv x$ on $M$. The key result is an inhomogeneous transference principle which enables us to deduce that the homogeneous exponent $w_0(\vv x)=1/n$ for almost all $\vv x\in \cM$ if and only if for any $\bm\theta\in\R^n$ the inhomogeneous exponent $w_0(\vv x,\bm\theta)=1/n$ for almost all $\vv x\in \cM$. The inhomogeneous transference principle introduced in this paper is an extremely simplified version of that recently discovered in \cite{Beresnevich-Velani-new-inhom}. Nevertheless, it should be emphasised that the simplified version has the great advantage of bringing to the forefront the main ideas of \cite{Beresnevich-Velani-new-inhom} while omitting the abstract and technical notions that come with describing the inhomogeneous transference principle in all its glory., Comment: Dedicated to A.O. Gelfond on what would have been his 100th birthday 13 pages

In this paper, we present a method of computer calculation of Green functions in the form of generalized power series for third-order linear differential equations admitting regular singularities. For specific boundary-value problems, we construct Green functions by using the software proposed.

Let X be an irreducible projective variety over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. For ≥ 3, if every (r−2)-plane $$\overline {x_1 , \ldots ,x_{r - 1} } $$ , where the x i are generic points, also meets X in a point x r different from x 1,..., x r−1, then X is contained in a linear subspace L such that codim L X ≥ r − 2. In this paper, our purpose is to present another derivation of this result for r = 3 and then to introduce a generalization to nonequidimensional varieties. For the sake of clarity, we shall reformulate our problem as follows. Let Z be an equidimensional variety (maybe singular and/or reducible) of dimension n, other than a linear space, embedded into ℙr, where r ≥ n + 1. The variety of trisecant lines of Z, say V 1,3(Z), has dimension strictly less than 2n, unless Z is included in an (n + 1)-dimensional linear space and has degree at least 3, in which case dim V 1,3(Z) = 2n. This also implies that if dim V 1,3(Z) = 2n, then Z can be embedded in ℙ n + 1. Then we inquire the more general case, where Z is not required to be equidimensional. In that case, let Z be a possibly singular variety of dimension n, which may be neither irreducible nor equidimensional, embedded into ℙr, where r ≥ n + 1, and let Y be a proper subvariety of dimension k ≥ 1. Consider now S being a component of maximal dimension of the closure of $$\{ l \in \mathbb{G}(1,r)|\exists p \in Y, q_1 , q_2 \in Z\backslash Y, q_1 , q_2 ,p \in l\} $$ . We show that S has dimension strictly less than n + k, unless the union of lines in S has dimension n + 1, in which case dim S = n + k. In the latter case, if the dimension of the space is strictly greater than n + 1, then the union of lines in S cannot cover the whole space. This is the main result of our paper. We also introduce some examples showing that our bound is strict.

In every variety of algebras Θ, we can consider its logic and its algebraic geometry. In previous papers, geometry in equational logic, i.e., equational geometry, has been studied. Here we describe an extension of this theory to first-order logic (FOL). The algebraic sets in this geometry are determined by arbitrary sets of FOL formulas. The principal motivation of such a generalization lies in the area of applications to knowledge science. In this paper, the FOL formulas are considered in the context of algebraic logic. For this purpose, we define special Halmos categories. These categories in algebraic geometry related to FOL play the same role as the category of free algebras Θ0 play in equational algebraic geometry. This paper consists of three parts. Section 1 is of introductory character. The first part (Secs. 2–4) contains background on algebraic logic in the given variety of algebras Θ. The second part is devoted to algebraic geometry related to FOL (Secs. 5–7). In the last part (Secs. 8–9), we consider applications of the previous material to knowledge science.

This paper is the first in a series of three, the aim of which is to lay the foundations of algebraic geometry over the free metabelian Lie algebra $F$. In the current paper we introduce the notion of a metabelian Lie $U$-algebra and establish connections between metabelian Lie $U$-algebras and special matrix Lie algebras. We define the $\Delta $-localisation of a metabelian Lie $U$-algebra $A$ and the direct module extension of the Fitting's radical of $A$ and show that these algebras lie in the universal closure of $A$., Comment: 34 pages

In one of his early papers, D. Grigoriev analyzed the decidability and computational complexity of different physical theories. This analysis was motivated by the hope that it would help physicists. In this paper, we survey several similar ideas that may be of help to physicists. We hope that further research may lead to useful physical applications. Bibliography: 41 titles.

The paper presents a survey of new results in general equilibrium theory with linear vector lattice commodity space (Kantorovich space). The importance of order structures and the Riesz-Kantorovich formula is clarified. The main novelty of the paper is new characterizations of elements of the fuzzy core in an exchange economy. Then we apply these characterizations to prove a new theorem on the existence of quasi-equilibrium for a linear vector lattice economy. This theorem, based on the E-properness of preferences by Podczeck-Florenzano-Marakulin, develops the Florenzano-Marakulin approach and generalizes previous Tourky's results. Bibliography: 29 titles.

We present two-loop renormalization of $\phi^3$-model effective action by using the background field method and cutoff momentum regularization. In this paper, we also study a derivation of the quantum equation of motion and its application to the renormalization., Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages, 3 figures; The work has been published three years ago. In this version we have made some corrections and added calculations for the counterterm

Schlesinger (S) transformations can be combined with a direct rational (R) pull-back of a hypergeometric 2 × 2 system of ODEs to obtain $$ {RS}_4^2 $$ -pullback transformations to isomonodromic 2 × 2 Fuchsian systems with 4 singularities. The corresponding Painleve VI solutions are algebraic functions, possibly in different orbits under Okamoto transformations. The paper demonstrates direct computations (involving polynomial syzygies) of Schlesinger transformations that affect several singular points at once, and presents an algebraic procedure of computing algebraic Painleve VI solutions without deriving full RS-pullback transformations.

sp-Groups form an interesting and informative class of Abelian mixed groups. In this paper, we systematically study self-small sp-groups of finite rank and their endomorphism rings.

An associative ring R is called an E-ring if the canonical homomorphism R ∼= E(R+) is an isomorphism. Additive groups of E-rings are called E-groups. In other words, an Abelian group A is an E-group if and only if A ∼= End A and the endomorphism ring E(A) is commutative. In this paper, we give a survey of the main results on E-groups and E-rings and also consider some of their generalizations: E-closed groups, T -rings, A-rings, the groups admitting only commutative multiplications, etc.

This paper is a survey of recent works on invariants of actions of Hopf algebras. Its highlights are results on integrality of H-module PI algebras over subrings of invariant elements obtained by P. Etingof and M. Eryashkin. Older results are also reviewed.

This paper is the third in a series of papers, the aim of which is to construct algebraic geometry over metabelian Lie algebras., Comment: 14 pages

The present paper is a revised Russian translation of the paper “A new approach to representation theory of symmetric groups,” Selecta Math., New Series, 2, No. 4, 581–605 (1996). Numerous modifications to the text were made by the first author for this publication. Bibliography: 35 titles.

In this paper we investigate a single server retrial queue with a finite number of heterogeneous sources of calls. It is assumed when a given source is idle it will generate a primary call after an exponentially distributed time. If the server is free at the time of the request’ s arrival then the call starts to be served. The service time is also exponentially distributed. During the service time the source cannot generate a new primary call. After service the source moves into free state and can generate a new call again. If the server is busy at the time of the arrival of a primary call, then the source starts generating so called repeated calls with exponentially distributed times until it finds the server free. As before, after service the source becomes free and can generate a new primary call again. We assume that the primary calls, repeated attempts and service times are mutually independent. This queueing system and its variants could be used to model magnetic disk memory systems, local area networks with CSMA/CD protocols and collision avoidance local area networks. The novelty of this model is the heterogeneity of the calls, which means that each call is characterized by its own arrival, repeated and service rates. The aim of the paper is to give the usual steady-state performance measures of the system. To do so, an efficient software tool, MOSEL ( Modeling, Specification and Evaluation Language ) developed at the University of Erlangen, Germany, is used to formulate and solve the problem. Several sample numerical results illustrate the power of the tool showing the effect of different parameters on the system measures.

Discrete analogs of extrema of curvature and generalizations of the four-vertex theorem to the case of polygons and polyhedra are suggested and developed. For smooth curves and polygonal lines in the plane, a formula relating the number of extrema of curvature to the winding numbers of the curves (polygonal lines) and their evolutes is obtained. Also are considered higher-dimensional analogs of the four-vertex theorem for regular and shellable triangulations., Several changes in the last section. In the original version of this paper we claimed that any regular triangulation of a convex d-polytope has at least d ears. For a proof we used the same arguments as in Schatteman's paper [22]. Since this paper has certain gaps (see our paper [1]), the d -ears problem of a regular triangulation is still open

We study the Gnedin–Kingman graph, which corresponds to Pieri’s rule for the monomial basis {Mλ} in the algebra QSym of quasisymmetric functions. The paper contains a detailed announcement of results concerning the classification of indecomposable semifinite harmonic functions on the Gnedin–Kingman graph. For these functions, we also establish a multiplicativity property, which is an analog of the Vershik–Kerov ring theorem.

The paper tells about the main features and events of the ergodic seminar organized and headed by V. A. Rokhlin at the Leningrad State University. The seminar was active in 1960–1970.

During the last two decades, new models were developed in actuarial sciences. Different notions of insurance company ruin (bankruptcy) and other objective functions evaluating the company performance were introduced. Several types of decision (such as dividend payment, reinsurance, investment) are used for optimization of company functioning. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the model under consideration is stable with respect to parameter fluctuation and perturbation of underlying stochastic processes. The aim of this paper is the description of methods for investigation of these problems and presentation of recent results concerning some insurance models. Numerical results are also included.

The famous Banach contraction principle holds in complete metric spaces, but completeness is not a necessary condition: there are incomplete metric spaces on which every contraction has a fixed point. The aim of this paper is to present various circumstances in which fixed point results imply completeness. For metric spaces, this is the case of Ekeland’s variational principle and of its equivalent, Caristi’s fixed point theorem. Other fixed point results having this property will also be presented in metric spaces, in quasi-metric spaces, and in partial metric spaces. A discussion on topology and order and on fixed points in ordered structures and their completeness properties is included as well.

The transfer matrix of the 6-vertex model of two-dimensional statistical physics commutes with many (more complicated) transfer matrices, but these latter, generally, do not commute between each other. The studying of their action in the eigenspaces of the 6-vertex model transfer matrix becomes possible due to a ``multiplicative property'' of the {\em vacuum curves} of $\cal L$-operators from which transfer matrices are built. This approach allowed, in particular, to discover for the first time the fact that the dimensions of abovementioned eigenspaces must be multiples of (big enough) degrees of the number 2., An English version of the author's article which recently appeared in Zapiski Nauvhnyh Seminarov POMI (S-Petersburg) and is based on two older papers (of 1987) mentioned in the bibliography. The author's Russian paper of 1986 from the bibliography will soon appear in English, too

In the paper, a method of describing the outer derivations of the group algebra of a finitely presentable group is given. The description of derivations is given in terms of characters of the groupoid of the adjoint action of the group., 28 pages, in 2 languages - English and Russian

Let $G$ be a finite group, $N(G)$ be the set of conjugacy classes of the group $G$. In the present paper it is proved $G\simeq L$ if $N(G)=N(L)$, where $G$ is a finite group with trivial center and $L$ is a finite simple group of exceptional Lie type or Tits group.

We describe the Hochschild cohomology ring for a family of self-injective algebras of tree class $E_6$ in terms of generators and relations. Together with the results of the previous paper, this gives a complete description of the Hochschild cohomology ring for a self-injective algebras of tree class $E_6$., part II of arXiv:1311.4756

The monograph consists of three parts. Part I is presented here. In this monograph, we develop a new approach (mainly based on papers of the author). Many results are published for the first time here. Chapter 1 is introductory. It provides the necessary background from functional analysis (for completeness). In this monograph, we mostly use weighted HOlder spaces; they are considered in Chap. 2. Chapter 3 plays the key role: in weighted HOlder spaces, we consider estimates of integral operators with homogeneous difference kernels, covering potential-type integrals and singular integrals as well as Cauchy-type integrals and double layer potentials. In Chap. 4, similar estimates in weighted Lebesgue spaces are proved. Integrals with homogeneous difference kernels will play an important role in Part III of the monograph, which will be devoted to elliptic boundary-value problems. They naturally arise in integral representations of solutions of first-order elliptic systems in terms of fundamental matrices or their parametrices. The investigation of boundary-value problems for second-order and higher-order elliptic equations or systems is reduced to first-order elliptic systems.

In the paper the wave functional model of a symmetric restriction of the regular Sturm-Liouville operator on an interval is constructed. The model is based upon the notion of the wave spectrum and is constructed according to an abstract scheme, which was proposed earlier. The result of the construction is a differential operator of the second order on an interval, which differs from the original operator only by a simple transformation.

In this paper, we show that an operator introduced by A. A. Tsvetkov enjoys all the necessary properties of a Q-operator. It is shown that the Q-operator of the XXX spin chain with spin l turns into Tsvetkov’s operator in the continuous limit as l→∞. Bibliography: 18 titles.

The population size has far-reaching effects on the fitness of the population, that, in its turn influences the population extinction or persistence. Understanding the density- and age-dependent factors will facilitate more accurate predictions about the population dynamics and its asymptotic behaviour. In this paper, we develop a rigourous mathematical analysis to study positive and negative effects of increased population density in the classical nonlinear age-structured population model introduced by Gurtin \& MacCamy in the late 1970s. One of our main results expresses the global stability of the system in terms of the newborn function only. We also derive the existence of a threshold population size implying the population extinction, which is well-known in population dynamics as an Allee effect., 20 pages, submitted to J. Math. Sci

According to a result claimed by Pogorza_ly, selfinjective special biserial algebras can be stably equivalent to stably biserial algebras only, and these two classes coincide. By an example of Ariki, Iijima, and Park, the classes of stably biserial and selfinjective special biserial algebras do not coincide. In these notes based on some ideas from the Pogorzaly paper, a detailed proof is given for the fact that a selfinjective special biserial algebra can be stably equivalent to a stably biserial algebra only. The structure of symmetric stably biserial algebras is analyzed. It is shown that in characteristic other than 2, the classes of symmetric special biserial (Brauer graph) algebras and symmetric stably biserial algebras coincide. Also a proof of the Auslander–Reiten conjecture for special biserial algebras is given.

This paper is a further development of the results of [20] where, based on the negative binomial model for the duration of wet periods measured in days [16], an asymptotic approximation was proposed for the distribution of the maximum daily precipitation volume within a wet period. This approximation has the form of a scale mixture of the Fr´echet distribution with the gamma mixing distribution and coincides with the distribution of a positive power of a random variable having the Snedecor–Fisher distribution. Here we extend this result to the mth extremes, m ∈ ℕ, and sample quantiles. The proof of this result is based on the representation of the negative binomial distribution as a mixed geometric (and hence, mixed Poisson) distribution [17] and limit theorems for extreme order statistics in samples with random sizes having mixed Poisson distributions [10]. Some analytic properties of the obtained limit distribution are described. In particular, it is demonstrated that under certain conditions the limit distribution of the maximum precipitation is mixed exponential and hence, is infinitely divisible. It is shown that under the same conditions this limit distribution can be represented as a scale mixture of stable or Weibull or Pareto or folded normal laws. The corresponding product representations for the limit random variable can be used for its computer simulation. The results of fitting this distribution to real data are presented illustrating high adequacy of the proposed model. It is also shown that the limit distribution of sample quantiles is the well-known Student distribution. Several methods are proposed for the estimation of the parameters of the asymptotic distributions. The obtained mixture representations for the limit laws and the corresponding asymptotic approximations provide better insight into the nature of mixed probability (“Bayesian”) models.

The inverse factorial series expansion for the ratio of products of gamma functions whose arguments are linear functions of the variable is found. A recurrence relation for the coefficients in terms of the Norlund–Bernoulli polynomials is provided, and the half-plane of convergence is determined. The results obtained naturally supplement a number of previous investigations of the gamma ratios, which began in the 1930-ies. The expansion obtained in this paper plays a crucial role in the study of the behavior of the delta-neutral Fox’s H-function in the neighborhood of its finite singular point. A particular case of the inverse factorial series expansion is used in deriving a possibly new identity for the Norlund–Bernoulli polynomials.

In this paper, we construct anticliques for noncommutative operator graphs generated by generalized Pauli matrices. It is shown that application of entangled states for the construction of the code space K allows one to substantially increase the dimension of a noncommutative operator graph for which the projection on K is an anticlique.

The class of γ-generating matrices and its subclasses of regular and singular γ-generating matrices were introduced by D. Z. Arov in [8], where it was shown that every γ-generating matrix admits an essentially unique regular–singular factorization. The class of generalized γ-generating matrices was introduced in [14, 20]. In the present paper, subclasses of singular and regular generalized –generating matrices are introduced and studied. As the main result, a theorem of existence of the regular–singular factorization for a rational generalized γ-generating matrix is proved.

We consider some fully nonlinear degenerate elliptic operators and we investigate the validity of certain properties related to the maximum principle. In particular, we establish the equivalence between the sign propagation property and the strict positivity of a suitably defined generalized principal eigenvalue. Furthermore, we show that even in the degenerate case considered in the present paper, the well-known condition introduced by Keller–Osserman on the zero-order term is necessary and sufficient for the existence of entire weak subsolutions.

Since the first optical instruments were invented, the idea that the visible image of an object under observation depends on tools of observation became commonly assumed in physics. A way of formalizing this idea in mathematics is the construction that assigns to an arbitrary object A in a category K its envelope $$ {\mathrm{Env}}_{\varPhi}^{\varOmega}\kern0.5em A $$ in a given class of morphisms (a class of representations) Ω with respect to a given class of morphisms (a class of observation tools) Φ. It turns out that if we take a sufficiently wide category of topological algebras as K, then each choice of the classes Ω and Φ defines a “projection of functional analysis into geometry,” and the standard “geometric disciplines,” like complex geometry, differential geometry, and topology, become special cases of this construction. This gives a formal scheme of “categorical construction of geometries” with many interesting applications, in particular, “geometric generalizations of the Pontryagin duality” (to the classes of noncommutative groups). In this paper we describe this scheme in topology and in differential geometry.

A function f meromorphic on ℂ\ℝ is said to be in the generalized Nevanlinna class N κ (κ ϵ ℤ+), if f is symmetric with respect to ℝ and the kernel $$ {\mathbf{N}}_{\omega }(z)\coloneq \frac{f(z)-\overline{f\left(\omega \right)}}{z-\overline{\omega}} $$ has κ negative squares on ℂ+. The generalized Stieltjes class $$ {\mathbf{N}}_{\kappa}^k\left(\kappa, k\in {\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_{+}\right) $$ is defined as the set of functions f ϵ N κ such that z f ϵ N k . The full indefinite Stieltjes moment problem $$ {MP}_{\kappa}^k\left(\mathbf{s}\right) $$ consists in the following: Given κ, k ϵ ℤ+, and a sequence $$ \mathbf{s}={\left\{{s}_i\right\}}_{i=0}^{\infty } $$ of real numbers, to describe the set of functions $$ f\in {\mathbf{N}}_{\kappa}^k $$ , which satisfy the asymptotic expansion $$ f(z)=-\frac{s_0}{z}-\cdots -\frac{s_2n}{z^{2n+1}}+o\left(\frac{1}{z^{2n+1}}\right)\kern1em \left(z=-y\in {\mathrm{\mathbb{R}}}_{-},y\uparrow \infty \right) $$ for all n big enough. In the present paper, we will solve the indefinite Stieltjes moment problem $$ {MP}_{\kappa}^k\left(\mathbf{s}\right) $$ within the M. G. Krein theory of u-resolvent matrices applied to a Pontryagin space symmetric operator A [0;N] generated by $$ {\mathfrak{J}}_{\left[0;N\right]} $$ . The u-resolvent matrices of the operator A [0;N] are calculated in terms of generalized Stieltjes polynomials, by using the boundary triple’s technique. Some criteria for the problem $$ {MP}_{\kappa}^k\left(\mathbf{s}\right) $$ to be solvable and indeterminate are found. Explicit formulae for Pade approximants for the generalized Stieltjes fraction in terms of generalized Stieltjes polynomials are also presented.