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Let $a$ be a semi-almost periodic matrix function with the almost periodic representatives $a_l$ and $a_r$ at $-\infty$ and $+\infty$, respectively. Suppose $p:\mathbb{R}\to(1,\infty)$ is a slowly oscillating exponent such that the Cauchy singular integral operator $S$ is bounded on the variable Lebesgue space $L^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R})$. We prove that if the operator $aP+Q$ with $P=(I+S)/2$ and $Q=(I-S)/2$ is Fredholm on the variable Lebesgue space $L_N^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R})$, then the operators $a_lP+Q$ and $a_rP+Q$ are invertible on standard Lebesgue spaces $L_N^{q_l}(\mathbb{R})$ and $L_N^{q_r}(\mathbb{R})$ with some exponents $q_l$ and $q_r$ lying in the segments between the lower and the upper limits of $p$ at $-\infty$ and $+\infty$, respectively., 23 pages. An inaccuracy in Lemma 3.11 is corrected. The proof of the main result is corrected accordingly

We first extend slowly oscillating functions to a more general setting and investigate their properties. Then we show the existence and uniqueness of slowly oscillating solutions of parabolic equations and parabolic inverse problems.