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Two-dimensional materials with unique properties have received much attention in recent years. Current research is exploring their potential applications in various fields. Acoustic topological insulators have been an emerging branch in the field of acoustic metamaterials in recent years. Its strong unidirectional transmission capability has potential applications in acoustic sensors, filters, and beamwaves. However, to realize a wide range of applications of acoustic topological materials, it is necessary to solve the problems of multi-band and wide bandgap. To this end, this paper proposes a jointly resonant acoustic topological insulator structure. The structure achieves multi-band filtering, and three filterable bandgaps can be obtained below 6200 Hz. Meanwhile, the total width of the three filterable bandgaps accounts for 65.5% at 6200 Hz and below. In this paper, the band structure is obtained by using the method of finite element simulation. The generation of topological phase transition induced by the rotation angle of the scatterer is analyzed. The pseudo-spin case of the valley hall effect is also analyzed from the point of view of acoustic energy flow, and the existence of edge states is verified. Finally, the unidirectional transport properties possessing backward scattering immunity are verified. The multi-band structure with a great bandwidth means that this work will have great potential for applications in filters. Also, since acoustic topologies based on the Valley hall effect do not possess strong defect immunity, this work proposes to utilize defect states as acoustic switches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of society and technology, machinery and equipment have enhanced our work efficiency but have also introduced various hazards, such as electromagnetic radiation, medical, industrial, and agricultural rays. The harms these radiations inflict on human health are significant, with severe cases leading to cancer, disability, or even life-threatening situations. Therefore, effective protective measures in some fields are crucial. This paper firstly summarized the basic principles of radiation protection for different rays, then systematically introduced the widely used manufacturing methods for flexible radiation shielding materials, including weaving with metal fibers, fiber blending, silver-plated fibers, and so on. Subsequently, the paper reviewed the testing methods of radiation-protective clothing materials. Finally, it comprehensively concluded the discussions on flexible radiation shielding materials and offered a perspective on their future development trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to increased environmental awareness, the depletion of fossil fuels, and expanding ecological concerns, today's society has a larger need for environmentally friendly materials. The idea of sustainable development of environmental material resources with enhanced economic activities was born from the rise in ecological consciousness. The textile industry generates enormous amounts of cotton waste. The environmental impact of disposing of this cotton waste makes it difficult for the textile sector to dispose of the vast amounts of produced cotton waste. As a result, all-cellulose composites (ACCs) have piqued the interest of researchers in recent years. All-cellulose composites are cellulose-based mono-component cellulose composites in which the reinforcing phase is typically composed of high-strength cellulose fibres, and the matrix is composed of regenerated cellulose. This composite type is distinguished by its exceptional interfacial compatibility and biodegradability due to the matrix and reinforcing phase having common cellulosic compositions. ACCs will become a more alluring option as enterprises prioritize sustainability and environmental responsibility because they can be recycled and reused rapidly and simply. This will contribute to less waste and enhance the overall sustainability of our society. This review paper discusses various methods to develop ACCs, textile waste-based thermoset and thermoplastic composites and textile waste-based cellulose composites (TWCCs). This review paper emphasizes approaches to develop TWCCs and the challenges and opportunities in TWCCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent developments in the aeronautical structure industry have seen a sharp rise in the use of polymer composite materials. The performances of all aerodynamic surfaces are heavily dependent on the shape and the surface form. The modification of these surfaces due to condensation and melting of ice can cause catastrophic decreases in the aerodynamic performance. In this study polymer composite materials as heater were made and studied. The feasibility of using advanced polymer composites for de-icing application was validated and studied through experiments. It consists of thin carbon nanotubes (CNTs) Bucky paper placed between two glass fibers veils and then infiltrated with an epoxy polymer resin and cured. The composite can be heated up very quickly using an electrical power source. The idea of using this new material as a heater and de-icing material was explored experimentally. For that purpose, the temperature distribution was monitored at different positions of the panel using thermal imaging. Experimental results show that the surface temperature of the panel increases gradually as the heating time increases. This temperature increased in a short time period of heating time, implying that the composite panels with CNTs Bucky paper display an excellent heating performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to the individual fiber, the core problem limiting the mechanical strength of the aramid nanopaper is the weak interfacial bonding strength, and the hydrogen bond-induced aggregation is an important factor influencing the well compositing of aramid nanofibers (ANFs) with other enhancers. In this work, we introduced sodium alginate (SA) as a mechanical additive during the formation process of ANFs to realize the uniform wrapping of the SA on the surface of ANFs. The resultant ANFs/SA paper shows an ultimate strength of 308.23 MPa, a toughness of 42.33 MJ⋅m−3, and an elongation of 21.99%, which are 1.63, 5.16, and 3.12 times of the pure ANFs film. The excellent mechanical performances are attributed to the good dispersion of SA in the ANFs matrix, which can result in the fine physical cross-link and enhanced hydrogen bonding at interfaces. Meanwhile, the ANFs/SA composite also shows favorable electrical insulation behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the scientific community emphasizes the use of reversible and non-toxic materials in the field of cultural heritage. Biopolymers are one of the alternative materials to synthetic polymers and solvents that are dangerous for human health and for the environment, applied in consolidation and coating treatment. Natural biopolymers may be divided into polysaccharide, protein, and polyester: All of them are low cost, eco-friendly, and biocompatible, besides many physicochemical characteristics such as being transparent, soluble in water, hydrogel, and film-forming, and can be easily functionalized. The addition of nanoclay, essential oil, and active molecules improves the physicochemical properties of biopolymers and proposes smart response abilities to the new composite material. This work is intended to provide an overview of the development of biopolymers by considering the most general aspects and scanning the diverse substrates of application for the conservation and protection of cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of tissue engineering involves various methodologies employed to improve or replace biological tissues with extracellular matrices (ECMs). Significant progress has been made, particularly in the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for replacing damaged tissues or organs. The current review broadly focuses on the various research works carried out involving the use of biomaterials (biopolymers, bio-ceramics and dopants) in this area. A detailed discussion on several scaffold-making modern technologies has also been provided, along with a demonstration of different characterization techniques. Though a number of review papers have been published on biomaterials and fabrication techniques, a very small number focuses on the clinical trials carried out and the commercialization of scaffolds in the biomedical field. Thus, a critical analysis and detailed discussion of some of the clinical trials, market growth, and future demands have been presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanowires find use in a myriad of applications, including communication systems, sensors, medical devices and electrical equipment. Temperature-dependent electrical and thermal properties of chemically derived silver nanowires are rarely explored. In the present work, seed-mediated synthesis of silver nanowires has been carried out, and their electrical and thermal conductivity at 300 K is found to be 1.848 × 107 S/m and 64.8 W/mK, respectively. A screen-printable ink of silver nanowires is formulated and printed on low-cost and widely used substrates like paper and cotton fabrics. Flexible printed electrodes could be made possible with uniform printed structures obtained in cotton fabric and paper substrate. The printed pattern exhibited sheet resistance of 0.7 Ω/sq. Screen-printed silver nanowires on paper show shielding efficiency of 99.9% in X band, which promotes them as excellent candidates in fabricating lightweight electronic devices by a one-step printing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic ceramic papers were developed by incorporating Pt-NaY zeolite to ceramic papers. The necessary mechanical strength was enhanced by the addition of natural borate compounds, which confer elasticity and resistance similar to those obtained using colloidal suspensions, which are the most commonly used binders. Pt-NaY zeolite was incorporated into ceramic papers either during the papermaking process or by spraying a zeolitic suspension on ceramic papers. The partial encapsulation of the faujasite by the sintering of the borate compound during the calcination step made catalytic ceramic papers less active toward the CO oxidation reaction than the corresponding traditional systems (Pt-NaY zeolite coated onto cordierite monoliths or the powder Pt-NaY faujasite). Light-off curves indicated that the activity of Pt-NaY zeolite was preserved when incorporating the zeolitic component by spray, in which case the CO oxidation reaction ran away at ca. 130 °C, and the total CO conversion was achieved at 150 °C, maintaining 100 % CO conversion for more than 90 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are widely used to reinforce and repair buildings due to their high strength, corrosion resistance, lightweight, and convenient of construction. The interfacial properties between FRP and the reinforced buildings play a very important role in the effective transfer of stress and largely determine the service hours of the reinforced structures. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress on the interfacial properties of FRP reinforced concrete. First, the composition of FRP reinforcement system is introduced. EB-FRP and NSM-FRP reinforcement methods are suitable for reinforcing different buildings. Then, the influence factors of the interfacial properties are highlighted. The choice of interfacial agent, roughness of the reinforced concrete surface, temperature and environment have very important impact on the reinforcement effect. Finally, the main damage modes and failure mechanisms of the interface between FRP and the reinforced concrete are summarized. The choice of the interfacial agent determines the main failure mode. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the further research on the interface damage mechanism of FRP reinforced concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. High-fidelity mannequins are increasingly used to train the medical staff on many medical procedures. Lately, a new challenge regarding echogenic materials to build ultrasound-responding phantoms has emerged. The challenge is to find materials with a suitable combination of ultrasound velocity and consistency to the touch. Methods. Bibliographic research was performed to identify materials with promising stiffness, shape retention, and ultrasound velocity combinations. As-standardized-as-possible specimens were realized and tested using an A-mode ultrasound machine to evaluate the US velocity through them. Four differently doped silicones, five gelatin-based materials, five synthetic gelatins, and a 3D printable resin were included in the study. After being tested, the materials were monitored for 12 days to assess their durability and shape retention and tested again to evaluate the ultrasound velocity's stability. In the paper, the results of the characterization and follow-up of the materials are presented. Results. Outcomes show that gelatins are exceptional soft tissue-mimicking materials in terms of ultrasound velocity and consistency to the touch, but are poor in terms of overtime stability and therefore suitable for disposable short-term phantoms only. Doped silicones present lower ultrasound velocity compared to the reference value of 1540 m/s found in the literature, but excellent overtime stability, and shape retention properties. Values close to biological ones were also given by the Elastic 50A and by polyvinyl chloride plastisol. Conclusion. The paper gives a quantitative overview of the fidelity of both already-in-use and non-conventional materials, focusing on the ultrasound velocity value through them and their longevity in terms of macroscopically observed dehydration, shape retention, and bacterial onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural waste is an economically and environmentally beneficial precursor material for the development of activated carbon (AC) due to its low price, wide sources, and large production scale. This makes it a crucial field for agricultural waste treatment and AC development. This paper reviews the research progress of agricultural waste-based activated carbon (AWAC), including the sources and characteristics of agricultural waste, and the effects of raw material characteristics and activation conditions on the performance of AWAC. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods of AWAC. Additionally, it explains the research status of AWAC in wastewater treatment, gas adsorption, catalyst carrier, and energy carrier. Finally, this paper summarizes the advantages and limitations of using agricultural wastes as raw materials for AC, and provides a prospect for raw material development, process optimization, and application expansion, taking into account the shortcomings of current research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnZrOx has been used in large quantities for the preparation of light olefins from CO2, but the relationship between structure and performance remains unclear at present. In this paper, ZnZrOx were prepared by co-precipitation method, and a series of oxides with different sizes were prepared by varying the calcination temperatures. Subsequently, these oxides were combined with SAPO-34 to create a composite bifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of light olefins by CO2 hydrogenation, in which the impact of nanocrystal size effect was examined. The catalytic performance significantly increased as the nanocrystal size reduced from 18 to 12 nm. However, when the nanocrystal size was further decreased to 8 nm, the catalytic performance decline. Characterizations revealed a gradual increase in the number of oxygen vacancies with decreasing nanocrystal size. However, the oxide with the smallest nanocrystal size, prepared by varied calcination temperatures, did not yield the optimal catalytic performance due to sintering occurring during the reaction process. The results show that the assumption that smaller nanocrystal sizes inherently equate to improved catalytic performance is not universally valid, and stability must be considered when the nanocrystal size is decreased. The bifunctional catalysts used in this paper for the prepared light olefins from CO2 in yield as high as 13.8%, which is higher than most previous reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Materials Science has a tradition of publishing papers on Ceramic Materials. The editors of the journal have interdisciplinary interests, but they will focus on the traditional areas of ceramics and electronic materials in the first three editorials. The editors make the initial decision on whether a paper on ceramic/electronic materials will interest readers and meet the quality standards of the journal. The editorial provides brief biographies of the editors, including their areas of expertise and accomplishments in the field of materials science. [Extracted from the article]

The small punch (SP) test has been widely used in applications where conventional mechanical tests cannot be performed; this paper predicts the material strength from the SP test results by empirical correlations method. The yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) models serve to associate the load–displacement (LD) curves of SP tests with the stress–strain data of uniaxial tensile tests, and then, the feasibility of these models at different temperatures is investigated. Using the Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) method, the ideal strength equations are accessed from past studies for the cast superalloys, including ZG15Cr2Mo1, P91, 316H, and Hastelloy X, whereas the validation results of the additively manufactured (AM) GH4169 alloy are not satisfactory. As a result, considering the unique manufacturing process of AM GH4169, this paper develops a YS model with correlation coefficients higher than 90% between the calculated and actual values and proposes a UTS formula with estimation errors less than 3.5%. Furthermore, with the purpose of superior strength prediction results, the discussion of the SP test velocity reveals that 0.50 mm min−1 had wide adaptability to various strength models and operating temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phagraphene is a newly proposed two-dimensional allotrope of carbon. Its structure resembles that of a defective graphene sheet. The unit cell structure of phagraphene consists of a 5–6–7 ring sequence due to which it possesses lower energy than most carbon allotropes. Phagraphene has properties, namely thermal conductivity of 218 ± 20 W/mK and 285 ± 29 W/mK, along armchair and zigzag directions, respectively, a tensile strength of 85 ± 2 GPa, the elastic modulus of 870 ± 15 GPa along armchair and 800 ± 14 GPa along zigzag direction, and fracture strain of the same order as that of pristine graphene. Density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations have proved the unique electronic properties of phagraphene, namely direction-dependent Dirac cones, tunable Fermi velocities, quasi-direct band gap, to be comparable with pristine graphene. Based on molecular dynamics and density functional theory investigations, phagraphene is capable of being used in Li-based batteries and thermoelectric devices as anode material due to its good adsorption properties and remarkably good doping characteristics. Such characteristics can lead to a future trend of analyzing such allotropes because phagraphene can provide potential applications in atmospheric pollutant-detecting and drug-carrying properties in ailments like cancer. This paper is a nascent one discussing all the previous works on molecular dynamics simulations of phagraphene and tries to serve as the leading one for researchers interested in this field. This paper summarizes the mechanical and thermal properties of phagraphene estimated using molecular dynamics simulations as studied in previous works. The study shows that molecular dynamics has a good application in studying such a novel carbon allotrope. The discussions made in this paper thematize phagraphene's properties as a next-generation material and can help the researchers in a qualitative overview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the induction heating process, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) exhibits anisotropic magnetic and thermal properties due to changes in fiber arrangement, which affect the variation of the temperature field distribution on the material's surface and reduce the magnetic field utilization rate. Therefore, this paper adopts the CFRP induction heating finite element microanalysis model to improve the heating efficiency of the material and regulate the temperature field distribution reasonably. The study investigates the coupling relationship between the magnetic field's spatial state and the magnetocaloric properties of the fiber texture, analyzing the mapping relationship between the magnetic field state and the material's calorific value and temperature field distribution. The intrinsic correlation between the magnetic field state and the material's magnetocaloric properties on the temperature field distribution is characterized, providing a theoretical analysis basis for designing and optimizing the temperature and magnetic field distribution during the induction heating process of CFRP. The study aims to achieve effective control of temperature field distribution during the CFRP heating process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-based superhydrophobic coatings have attracted great attention owing to their environmental friendliness and potential applications. Among them, cellulose ester-based coatings show excellent superhydrophobicity. Even so, their rational design and performance modulation have been rarely concerned, which is of great importance to their practical applications. Herein, we adjusted the superhydrophobicity and self-binding strength of α-cellulose 10-undecenoyl ester (CUE) coatings (used as a model) by changing the degree of substitution (DS) value. The DS-induced particle size of the CUE played a key role in the cluster formation for the superhydrophobicity and the generation of contact area for the binding force. The CUE size displayed a normal distribution with the increase in DS value, and a low coating amount as well as a high contact area could be realized from a large particle size. The optimum DS value of the CUE coating was 0.44–0.94. This research may provide a new perspective for the design of stable bio-based superhydrophobic coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inkjet printing technology holds a great potential for fabrication of biosensor device. An optimized programmed printing makes the processing steps easier on a variety of substrates at low cost. The drop-on-demand piezoelectric mode of printing can construct a design pattern with low volume of material at specified position onto a suitable substrate. But to achieve this successfully, a formation of stable ink suspension remains the most challenging task. In recent times, nanoparticles are considered to pave a way for miniaturization of biosensing devices. Thus, we synthesized, characterized and investigated the stability of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles stabilized by the polyamidoamine (PAMAM = N(CH2CH2C(O)NHCH2CH2NH2)(CH2CH2N(CH2CH2C(O)NHCH2CH2NH2)2)2) dendrimer (PAMAM@Fe3O4). A best stable ink dispersion of PAMAM@Fe3O4 nanoparticles was obtained in a solvent mixture of 70% ethylene glycol and 30% distilled water. The nanoparticle ink with surface tension of 57.47 mN/m and viscosity of 5.45 mPa/s formed a narrow and uniform printed pattern onto graphene paper. Further, as a model protein for future biosensing application, antibody against alpha-fetoprotein was conjugated onto the dendritic surface and printed onto graphene paper. The characterization of the printed pattern by TEM revealed spherical morphology, whereas SEM provided evidence of difference in printed line width and spacing of nanoparticles and antibody conjugated nanoparticles. As a proof-of-concept, the study demonstrated a printable ink dispersion based on PAMAM@Fe3O4 nanoparticles for future miniaturization of biosensing steps on a chip-based platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we review and summarize the groundbreaking scientific researches of the late Professor Larry L. Hench, including several of his key discoveries in materials science and engineering. First, we provide a statistical overview of his exceptional scientific performance using Scopus, Web of Science, and other Web sites to extract statistical data on his scientific publications and patents. Professor Hench achieved an exceptionally high h-index of 77 (Scopus) for the field of materials science and engineering, which resulted from his 340 research papers, 210 conference papers, 41 patents, 24 books, 4 editorial notes, and 3 biographies starting in 1967. Then, we summarize and highlight his seminal articles, books, and patents in several research areas, such as bioactive glasses, optical gel glasses, biocomposites/coatings, glass-ceramics, biophotonics, advanced ceramics, semiconducting and ionic conducting glasses, glass corrosion, and nuclear waste disposal. Prof. Hench not only discovered the first man-made material to form a chemical bond with bone and initiated a whole new field-bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics-but also made several other important scientific discoveries. It is quite clear that he was one of the most influential materials scientists/engineers of all time! We hope that this review is not only useful for all persons interested in materials science and engineering but also encourages students and younger investigators to make use of this accumulated knowledge to design novel materials and discover new applications for glasses and ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, more attention to unique and complex structures, such as nature-inspired and porous structures for medical applications, has been strongly developed. Open-cell porous metal-based ones display more benefits than rigid ones since they facilitate the transformation of load between the bone and the implants and avoid the phenomenon of stress shielding and bone resorption. By being biodegradable and non-toxic, as well as having lower density and mechanical properties close to those of natural bone, Mg and its alloys are considered promising materials for porous scaffolds. However, a high corrosion rate is the main drawback of Mg alloys. The porosity of porous structures can also worsen it as it enhances the surface area exposed to the corrosive solution and negatively impacts the performance of porous structures, that these issues have not been addressed in detail so far. Since fabrication methods of Mg-based scaffolds can significantly affect the porosity-related properties (e.g., porosity percentage, type, size, and geometry) and, consequently, scaffolds' mechanical behavior and corrosion resistance, this paper reviews and compares the fabrication methods of porous structures and how they affect the resultant properties. However, among different methods, due to the expansion of additive manufacturing as a novel and exciting manufacturing technique, the paper's central focus is on using additive manufacturing in biomedical applications, discussing its advantages over other techniques. The effect of geometrical parameters on mechanical properties and corrosion rate, which strongly affects bio-application, are also given. Moreover, different strategies are briefly introduced for tailoring the high corrosion rate of Mg and its alloys, such as alloying elements and coatings. However, there is still less information regarding the additive manufacturing of porous Mg scaffolds and the optimum way of controlling the corrosion rate of Mg-based parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, the plastic manufacture developed plastic from many years due to the extensive utilization of the plastics in various sectors. The constant interest of the use of plastic creates huge plastic wastes which need a proper solution to dispose the plastic wastes which indirectly or directly participate to the environment problems. Taking into the account sustainability and eco-friendly aspects, there has been an increase in the importance in the utilization of the plastic wastes in the construction industries. Many researchers are focused on the use of polymer-modified bitumen since from decades. Earlier, mixing of virgin polymer was added in bitumen to enhance its properties for road construction in addition to a high temperature was considered but adding recycled polymer in bitumen almost possesses similar improved results for the performance of the pavement with respect to pure polymers. This paper is state of art about the application of polymers in bitumen pavement. In this review paper, a significant study on the benefits and history of utilizing pure and waste polymer in bitumen is conferred by survey of application of polymer in bitumen to enhance the characteristics of bitumen pavement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printing technology is gaining widespread attention due to its powerful flexibility in material components and structure to design. In this paper, graphene (GR) and Mn–Zn ferrite (MZF) were filled into polylactic acid (PLA) as reinforcement. The GR-MZF/PLA composite wires were prepared by ball-mill mixing and melt extrusion method. Finally, the GR-MZF/PLA composites were prepared by fused deposition molding using the composite wires. The effects of the graphene content on the mechanical properties and wave absorption properties of the composites were investigated. With the increase in graphene content, the microwave absorption properties of the composites first enhance and then decrease. When the GR content is 4 wt.%, GR-MZF/PLA composite exhibits excellent microwave absorption performance. At the material thickness of 2.5 mm, the maximum reflection loss is −24.3 dB and the absorption bandwidth is 5.12 GHz, and good mechanical property is achieved with a tensile strength of 34.4 MPa. The results show that the GR-MZF/PLA composites prepared by the method described in this paper have good microwave absorption properties and load-bearing capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, papers with superhydrophobic surfaces and unique antibacterial and self-cleaning capabilities have attracted great attention due to its potential applications in cold chain logistics packaging. Therefore, a facile and versatile route to fabricate superhydrophobic and anti-bacterial adhesion dual-functional paper was reported. The approach was based on pufferfish-like structured ZIF-8 incorporated cellulose fibers. Specifically, cellulose fibers without any chemical pretreatment were used as templates for the in situ aqueous construction of pufferfish-like structured ZIF-8 with zinc nitrate as zinc source and dimethylimidazole as organic ligand. After paper-making and hydrophobicity treatment, the obtained paper possessed excellent superhydrophobic and anti-bacterial adhesion properties. These surfaces retained their water resistance after 30 finger-wipe cycles and 10 sandpaper abrasions. Moreover, the hydrophobic surface prepared also showed excellent anti-adhesion performance toward bacteria. This strategy route proposed here can significantly reduce or eliminate potential risks associated with various contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Materials Science is known for publishing papers on polymer materials. The journal has several editors who specialize in polymers, including Chris Cornelius, Steve Eichhorn, Jamie C. Grunlan, Dale Huber, Maude Jimenez, Greg Rutledge, Jean-François Gohy, and Mohammad Naraghi. These editors handle papers on a wide range of topics related to polymers, including composites, materials for the life sciences, coatings, electronic materials, chemical routes to materials, and ceramics. Each editor has their own area of expertise and has made significant contributions to the field. The journal is a valuable resource for researchers interested in polymeric materials and related topics. [Extracted from the article]

Nanocellulose products derived from different forms of biomass have significant importance in the modern era. This is due to its extraordinary physical characteristics, wide surface area as well as its biodegradability, which lead to being promising reinforcements as a nanomaterial. The nanomaterials which represent the cellulosic structures comprise nanocellulose reinforcements with biodegradable characteristics and tremendous ability to be used in eco-friendly applications to supplant fossil-based products. Meanwhile, the syntheses approach of such nanoscale structures still possesses challenging tasks at nanoscales. In addition, the virtuous distribution of nanocellulose in the hydrophobic polymer matrix has still difficulties to produce high-performance nanomaterials. Consequently, this study concludes many approaches and techniques to structural alteration of cellulosic materials to improve the distribution of nanocellulose to enhance the characteristics and features of nanocomposites. The macroscale and nanoscale cellulosic structures get popularity because of their high strength, stiffness, biodegradability, renewability, and use in the preparation of nanocomposites. Application of cellulose nanofibres for the production of nanocomposites is a relatively recent research field. Cellulose macro- and nanofibres can be used as insulation nanocomposite materials because of the improved mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties of nanocomposites. Cellulose fibres are hydrophilic, so it became important to improve their surface roughness for the production of nanocomposites with improved properties. This article includes the surface modifications of cellulose fibres by different methods as well as production processes, properties, and various applications of nanocellulose and cellulosic nanocomposites. A high thermal conductivity of cellulosic nanocomposite material for electronic devices can be obtained by combining cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) as the framework material with carbon nanotubes, graphene, and inorganic nitrides. Additionally, the research developments in this field with prospective applications of CNF-based materials for supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and solar cells are emphasized. Moreover, the emerging challenges of different cellulosic nanofibrils-based energy storage devices have been discussed in this review paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last 12 years, conventional solar cells, especially silicon-based, have increased their efficiency by 1.1%; however, the energy transformation efficiency of perovskite-based photovoltaics has reached from 3.8% to 25.7% within the same time frame. Perovskite solar cells have been evolved as captivating domain of research in recent years by virtue of phenomenal intrinsic properties exhibited by perovskite materials and gradual optimization of hole transport layer along with perovskite film. This review paper elaborates various materials utilized as hole transport layers in perovskite solar cells. Firstly, the origin of perovskite-based cells is described followed by their configuration/ structure. The paper then elaborates the function of hole transport layer in improving the performance of perovskite solar cells. Further, it throws light on categorization of hole transport materials in organic and inorganic group including their advantages and disadvantages. Particularly, the organic hole transport materials, viz. PTAA, PEDOT:PSS, P3HT, Spiro-OMeTAD, and inorganic hole transport materials, viz. CuOx, CuSCN, CuI, NiOx and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) were briefly elaborated. Through this review paper, the design and applications of recently synthesized hole transport materials that promote the device performance of perovskite solar cells have been also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross-scale analysis method for predicting the compressive mechanical properties of tin-based bearing alloy was proposed based on microstructure finite element simulation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The actual metallographic microstructure of tin-based bearing alloy taken by optical microscopy was utilized to construct the representative volume element (RVE) model for the computational modeling. The compression stress–strain curves of β-Sn and Cu6Sn5 obtained by MD simulation were used as the input material property parameters of each constituent phase in RVE model for the microstructure finite element analysis. The compression simulation was carried out for the tin-based bearing alloy with the microstructure containing Sn matrix and Cu6Sn5 phase. The results show that the simulation analysis method can predict the compression strength and elasticity of the studied tin-based bearing alloy well by comparing the simulated results with the experimentally obtained data. It is hoped that this paper can provide a simulation method for realizing the prediction of the mechanical properties based on microstructure and revealing the microscope mechanism of materials, thus providing theoretical guidance for the micro-design of high-performance tin-based bearing alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cu–Fe–P alloy is the mainstream material of IC lead frame at present, which plays a key role in electrical signal transmission and mechanical fixation between bearing chip and external circuit board. With the development of integrated circuits toward high integration and extreme miniaturization, copper alloy strips for lead frames are required to have excellent electrical and mechanical properties, as well as excellent softening resistance under short-term high temperature service conditions. In this paper, the effects of annealing temperature (300, 400, 500 °C) on texture orientation and strength, and precipitates characteristics (morphology, size, interfacial relationship, etc.) of as-cold rolled Cu–2.18Fe–0.03P alloy were studied by means of EBSD and TEM. It is found that annealing at low temperature does not change the texture type, but it affects the texture strength compared with the as-cold rolled alloy. Cubic texture {001} < 100 > and R-type texture {111} < 112 > appear in the annealed alloy. The texture strength increases with the increase in annealing temperature, and the preferred orientation is more obvious. In addition, we found that there are two kinds of precipitated phases in the copper matrix, namely spherical α-Fe phase and irregular Fe3P phase. We further find out the coexistence state of the two precipitates and their evolution with annealing temperature. With the increase in annealing temperature from 300 to 500 °C, the size of the main strengthening phase α-Fe increases and the orientation relationship between α-Fe phase and the matrix changes from coherent to semi-coherent. On this basis, we found that the decrease in texture strength, the change of coherence relationship of α-Fe phase, and the decrease in dislocation barrier are the main factors leading to the softening of Cu–2.18Fe–0.03P alloy at high temperature. The research results of this paper are meaningful in guiding the development of high-end copper alloy strip in the field of electronic information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to explore structural design of conductive core-spun yarn woven composites to improve their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Conductive core-spun yarns were woven into single-layer and double-layer fabrics with different structural parameters, and their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was compared. Between different structures, in general, woven composites with high compact ratio have high shielding effectiveness. However, for honeycomb structures, due to their honeycomb appearance, they exhibit a higher electromagnetic shielding effectiveness when its compact ratio is slightly lower than other structures. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of double-layer woven composites is higher than that of single-layer woven composites. In double-layer woven composites, especially double-layer honeycomb woven composites with opposite sides, their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is the best. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of woven composites can be improved through structural design. For example, the compact rate of the composite is increased, the surface of the composite is formed into a concave and convex shape, the number of conductive core-spun yarns per unit area is increased, and a double-layer or multi-layer structure with intermediate air layer and multiple reflections is formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-bonded magnetic composites (MBMCs) present a promising alternative to dense sintered magnets, particularly for intricate components. Compared to polymer-based bonded magnets, MBMCs have wider applicability in harsh environments. In this paper, we demonstrate a solid-state shear-based manufacturing technique to introduce localized magnetization into a paramagnetic aluminum matrix by embedding SmCo5 permanent magnet particles. Our magnetic composites display hard magnetic behavior with a coercivity of 13 kOe and a remanent magnetization of 4.32 emu/g. In addition to magnetization, we also report a 9% improvement in Young's modulus. Despite the local temperature rise during processing, the magnetic phases didn't decompose into unwanted phases, preserving the composite's hard magnetic properties. Creation of an interfacial metallurgical bond with the matrix ensured the suitability of the composites for structural applications. Our study investigates the mechanical, and functional properties of composites, paving the way for lightweight structural magnetic composites with a transformative potential in the aerospace, nuclear, and automotive applications. This work underscores the potential for further optimization and development to drive innovations in magnet and equipment design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ductility dip cracking (DDC) is a solid-state failure occurring during multi-pass solidification processes (e.g., welding, additive manufacturing) for FCC alloys that exhibit a distinct dip in their ductility at intermediate temperatures. While the phenomenon has been studied for over a century, the majority of current research focuses on a subset of DDC-susceptible FCC alloys (Ni–Cr–Fe). The review paper herein presents an analysis of published data to evaluate the current state of understanding regarding the materials mechanisms at work. Recent advances in test methods have permitted highly controlled approaches for testing and quantifying DDC, but the wide range of unique tests often provide conflicting results regarding the fundamental materials behaviors and underlying mechanisms. At present, three mechanisms have been proposed for DDC: grain boundary sliding, precipitate-induced strain, and impurity element segregation. While the majority of published studies support grain boundary sliding as the primary mechanism of DDC, an examination of the aggregate data available across multiple studies suggests combinatorial impact of simultaneous (and competing) mechanisms for DDC. Further, the long-held assumptions regarding the negative impact of key alloying elements become less convincing when comparing results across studies. There are considerable future opportunities for research on DDC behaviors in other alloy systems, and there are a lacunae of data when considering the effect of welding process parameters on DDC and the use of modeling and simulation approaches to understand the DDC behavior in the highly susceptible FCC alloy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U-type hexaferrites represent a specific category of ferrimagnetic materials with general composition formula Ba4Me2Fe36O60 and have the largest as well as complex structural unit cell among all hexagonal ferrites. These materials have fascinated the researchers ever since they were discovered (1964) because of their extraordinary structural, dielectric, and magnetic properties. Modifying the composition of these materials by incorporating different elements (transition, or rare earth, or their suitable combination) can impact their crystalline structure and hence change their characteristics. Consequently, these changes can influence the functional properties of these materials to absorb electromagnetic (EM) waves. Microwave absorption by U-type hexaferrites primarily originates from the FMR (ferromagnetic resonance) phenomenon. Ferromagnetic resonance frequency (fr) is linked closely to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) fields. This review paper provides a detailed description regarding the major studies in the field of U-type hexaferrites on single platform. Key research outcomes are briefly presented in the form of tables and graphs. Among various synthesis techniques, SSR (solid-state reaction) method is mostly used for synthesizing U-type hexaferrites. The specific features of U-type hexaferrites have led to their widespread use in cutting-edge applications. These materials demonstrate excellent microwave-absorbing properties and antenna application due to their attractive dielectric and magnetic behavior. The combination of U-type fillers and polymer matrix to form composites can be potentially applied for EMI shielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, near-net shape fabrication (ball milling, cold pressing, and microwave sintering) of Fe-6.5 wt%Si steel strip was carried out on the basis of the rapid solidification single-roll spinning, and the micromorphology transformation, texture evolution, mechanical and magnetic properties of the obtained samples were studied. This process could not only prepare samples with good mechanical and magnetic properties, but also achieve near-clean shape treatment. The results show that the refinement and homogenization of grain and the evolution of texture (the disappearance of γ-texture and the formation of Goss texture) play a good role in improving the mechanical and magnetic properties. The sample prepared by 1200 °C microwave sintering has excellent magnetic properties of Ms = 232.54 emu/g, Hc = 32.27 Oe, and Mr = 3.13 emu/g, and it also has the highest Vickers hardness of 212.32HV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a straightforward and general solution-based synthesis method for high-entropy oxides (HEOs) of different types and compositions. The flexibility and simplicity of this method are hoped to drive development of new HEOs and study of their properties and applications. Thirteen HEOs with rock salt, fluorite, spinel, and perovskite structures were synthesized using a Pechini-type synthesis at temperatures significantly lower than those necessary in solid-state synthesis (400–900 °C). Metal nitrates, nitrites, chlorides, and even water-sensitive alkoxides were used as the metal precursors with the present method. The HEOs were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Relaxation of cation size and charge rules and formability of HEOs are also discussed. The present results indicate that the classical criteria for material stability do not readily translate to high-entropy systems. For example, the well-known criteria for Goldschmidt and octahedral tolerance factors established for ordinary perovskites do not seem to describe formability of perovskite HEOs well. The discussed relaxation of cation size and charge rules will contribute to the understanding of HEO systems and development of new HEO phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising innovative energy storage material, phase change fibers (PCFs) have been widely studied. PCFs are equipped with the ability of temperature regulation by introducing phase change materials (PCMs) and have been successfully prepared by melt spinning, wet spinning and electrospinning. With the rapid development of PCM and fibrous preparation technology, the combination of different processes of PCF preparation has been explored and developed. In this paper, the research progress of the preparation methods of PCFs is reviewed. Firstly, the preparation methods are classified according to the different loading forms of PCMs, and the fibrous maceration method, composite method and microcapsule method are introduced. Then, the special preparation methods and characteristics of PCF are elaborated. Finally, the research hot spots and development of PCFs are summarized for providing guidance for fabricating PCFs with desired comprehensive properties; among them, with the continuous innovation of smart fibers, the single function of PCFs will cause limited use, so the multi-functionality of PCFs is also discussed in detail for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of magnesium as an implant in a physiological environment is seriously challenged by its fast degradation rate, an effect that results in loss of mechanical support before the completion of the tissue healing. Among different methods, this paper focuses on the hydrothermal coating method, where the main focus is on the role of substrate microstructure on the overall quality of the formed coating under the same coating condition. In this study, an as-cast Mg–1Zn–0.2Ag alloy was processed using a variety of techniques, including solution heat treatment, extrusion and equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). Hydrothermal coating was formed by placing samples in distilled water for 5 h at 160 °C and inside an autoclave. In addition to microstructural analysis and mechanical properties assessment, electrochemical corrosion and long-term immersion tests were performed on both the non-coated and coated samples. The obtained results indicate that while the extrusion and ECAP processes can significantly improve the mechanical properties, they can negatively affect the corrosion resistance in the non-coated state. However, applying hydrothermal coating on samples processed by extrusion and ECAP was significantly helpful in decreasing the corrosion rate. In the case of the ECAP-processed sample, the evolved hydrogen rate in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) decreased by about 91% after being hydrothermally coated, which shows excellent effectiveness of the synthesized coating. Among different samples, it can be claimed that the coated ECAP-processed sample demonstrated the best mechanical and corrosion behavior, due to the excellent coating quality and thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper highlights the current toxicological aspects of magnetic nanomaterials in the field of medicine and the environment, conducted through a comprehensive literature review. The main goal was to investigate and analyze the key challenges identified in the literature that enhance the effective utilization of these systems, particularly focusing on magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. We aimed to investigate the factors that influence their intended applications. We sought to understand how the characteristics of the produced NPs could be enhanced to improve their biocompatibility compared to existing samples in the literature. Moreover, we investigated morphological aspects intricately connected to physicochemical characteristics and their prospective applications in biomedicine. Additionally, we assessed the regulatory implications of nanostructured materials. Therefore, the initial aspect of this review delved into the historical evolution of nanoparticles, investigating significant milestones that have influenced the exploration of this technology. We examined the main discoveries, factors influencing the choice of synthesis methods, and the most prevalent approaches for surface functionalization employed by scientists for materials possessing superparamagnetic characteristics, such as iron oxide. The second aspect of the review focused on a survey-based exploration of the global regulation progress concerning superparamagnetic nanoparticles throughout the years. Additionally, we identified the main challenges encountered in establishing safety criteria for the diverse applications under investigation. This encompassed an assessment of the potential impacts of these materials on both human health and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a deadly disease with a high mortality rate, primarily due to its often asymptomatic nature in early stages and the absence of effective screening methods. Conventional imaging methods have several drawbacks, such as difficulty in detecting small tumors, challenges in differentiating between benign and malignant tumors, dangerous radiation exposure, high cost, low sensitivity, and low specificity in detecting early-stage malignancies. On the other hand, 2D nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors present novel opportunities for early detection of ovarian cancer biomarkers, leveraging their unique properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio and excellent electrical conductivity. These materials enhance sensor sensitivity and selectivity, enabling the detection of biomarkers at ultra-low concentrations, thus improving diagnostic accuracy. Their compatibility with miniaturization further facilitates the development of portable, point-of-care devices, revolutionizing early screening efforts in ovarian cancer detection. This review paper overviews recent advancements in OC biomarker detection using 2D nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors. A detailed discussion is presented on the electrochemical detection of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), mucin 1 (MUC1), and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) biomarkers regarding sensing materials, sensing approach, analytical technique, and performance characteristics like limit of detection and linear range. Other OC biomarkers such as SKOV3, breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1), stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), and flavin adenine dinucleotide are also briefly discussed. Finally, the review discusses the difficulties and future outlooks of diagnosing OC via an electrochemical sensing approach. The present review article emphasizes the application of 2D nanomaterials in the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer through an electrochemical sensing approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface engineering is widely used to enhance the efficiency and stability of photodetectors (PDs). Although fluorine-containing materials are ideal for interface modification, they are seldom used at the NiOx/perovskite interface. This paper reports on the use of Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8- tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ)-modified NiOx HTL to achieve high-efficiency and high-stability PDs. This study shows that BCF and F4-TCNQ interact to provide better doping ability, form Lewis adducts with Pb2+, and enhance the crystallinity of their perovskites. Interaction with nickel oxide optimizes the Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio, thus improving conductivity and charge transport capability. The F4-TCNQ:BCF modification effectively reduces interface defects, improves carrier mobility, and enhances both the performance and stability of PDs in ambient air. The detector achieves a maximum EQE value of 89.4%, a dark current density of 1.51 × 10−10A cm−2, a detectivity of 6.33 × 1013 Jones, and a LDR of 133.4 dB. Additionally, the interfacially modified device maintains over 90% of its initial performance after one month of storage in ambient air. Our results highlight the importance of F4-TCNQ:BCF interface modification and provide a reference for the further research and development of perovskite devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through Silicon Via (TSV), a kind of 3D packaging technique, can improve chip integration based on "More than Moore" scheme. The larger copper area ratio at the TSV barrier layer interface requires strong adjustability of the removal rate selection ratio of copper, tantalum and TEOS–SiO2, and stronger surface defect control and surface profile correction capabilities. In this paper, the effects of guanidine hydrochloride (GH) and 2,2′-[[(Methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]imino]bisethanol (TT-LYK) system on the tunability of Ta and Cu removal rate in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of TSV wafer barrier material were studied. GH can complex TaO 4 3 - , while TT-LYK can form a protective film on the surface of Cu, thereby achieving rate regulation. The results showed that when the concentration of GH increased from 0 to 2 wt%, the removal rate selectivity ratio of Ta and Cu raised from 1.02:1 to 1.26:1. When the concentration of TT-LYK increased from 2.5 to 10 mmol/L, the removal rate selectivity ratio of Ta and Cu increased from 1.33:1 to 1.79:1, which verified that the GH and TT-LYK systems can efficiently regulate the rate and rate selection ratio of Ta and Cu. Surface roughness for both metals decreased from pre-polishing values of 5.03 nm to post-polishing values of 0.37 nm for Ta, from pre-polishing values of 5.33 nm to post-polishing values of 1.26 nm for Cu indicating that GH and TT-LYK systems significantly improved the surface quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel hybrid material, MoS2@Ag@PA, with a core–shell structure aimed at improving the fire safety and critical properties of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). The incorporation of 2% of this hybrid material results in a remarkable enhancement in both thermal conductivity and tensile strength of EVA composites, increasing by 52.4% and 22.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the inclusion of 2% of this material leads to a significant reduction in the peak of heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of the EVA composites by 36.2%, 28.1%, and 29.7%, respectively, compared to pure EVA. This indicates a substantial improvement in fire safety, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of the EVA composites. The enhanced flame retardancy of the EVA composites is primarily attributed to the synergistic effect of various substances within the hybrid material. Therefore, the design of these hybrids presents a promising approach to enhance the overall performance of EVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a new nondestructive noncontact method of sensing surface roughness, particularly the surface undulation produced in the plowing stage of wear. This method involves inductance measurement. It is fast, provides global information and is suitable for real-time monitoring, but it is limited to electrical conductors. This amounts to structural self-sensing. Ultramild abrasive wear primarily in the plowing regime, with areal weight loss ≤ 0.075 g/cm2 and ≤ 0.040 g/cm2 for steel and aluminum, respectively (i.e., thickness loss ≤ 0.30 mm and ≤ 0.48 mm for steel and aluminum, respectively), is effectively sensed by this method. The inductance measurement involves two electrical contacts (clips) and an LCR meter (2 kHz). The inductance increases monotonically with increasing degree of wear primarily in the plowing regime, beyond which it does not increase further. This is due to the sensitivity of the inductance to the surface undulation, as expected from Faraday's law. Longitudinal wear (wear performed in the inductance measurement direction, i.e., direction along the metal bar length) and transverse wear (wear performed along the direction perpendicular to the inductance measurement direction) give similar weight loss. However, the fractional increase in inductance due to wear is greater for transverse wear than longitudinal wear, as expected from Faraday's law. Hence, the inductance method can discern the surface undulation direction, i.e., the wear direction, but the weight loss method cannot. The fractional increase in inductance due to wear is greater for steel (magnetic) than aluminum (not magnetic). However, magnetic character is not required for the sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the medical community has been drawn to the attention of hydrogels due to their favorable mechanical properties, lower cytotoxicity, and excellent biocompatibility. Hydrogels possess a three-dimensional network structure comprising hydrophilic polymer chains, endowing them with excellent drug encapsulation capabilities. Consequently, hydrogels serve as effective drug carriers, facilitating precise drug release, prolonged drug action duration, reduced side effects, and ultimately leading to improved therapeutic outcomes. This paper summarizes the main types of drugs currently encapsulated in drug-releasing hydrogels and their different interactions with hydrogels. It discusses the control mechanisms and relevant factors of drug release, with special attention given to the applications of hydrogels in drug release at various body sites such as the skin, eyes, bones, and brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atom doping is widely present in graphene and silicene materials, which can effectively regulate the electrical properties of nanostructures. In this paper, the effects of doping carbon atoms at different positions on the geometric structure and electrical properties of bilayer zigzag silicene nanoribbons (ZSiNRs) with different widths were studied by self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method. Carbon doping in silicene nanoribbons induces a local reconstruction, amplifies surface warpage, and boosts interlayer interactions. The width of the nanoribbons and the position and concentration of the doped carbon atoms significantly affect the stability of the bilayer silicene nanoribbons, which can effectively regulate its band gap. Especially when carbon atoms are doped at the edge, the width of the band gap can be effectively increased. Different doping positions and concentrations can cause nanoribbons to exhibit three properties: metallic, semi-metallic, and semiconducting. The doping position and concentration of carbon atoms significantly affect the charge transfer of silicene nanoribbons. In general, the charge is always transferred from silicon atoms to carbon atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of sustainable luminescent compounds has increased economically and globally in recent decades. In this regard, organosamarium complexes have emerged as outstanding luminescent sources in various branches like lighting systems, bio-assays, magnets, organic light-emitting diodes, bioimaging, and material design because of their enhanced optical and thermal features. In this article, we will explore the synthesis, properties, and applications of mononuclear, dinuclear, and polynuclear organosamarium complexes and their luminescence enrichment. The combination of Sm(III) ion with a diversity of organic ligands consisting of hetero-donor atoms and an extensive π-conjugation backbone may prove an effective strategy for designing highly stable complexes. This type of grouping will lead to efficient energy transfer from the coordinated organic ligand via indirectly populating the Sm(III) emitting state. The Sm(III) complexes show emission bands in the visible region at ~ 564, 600, and 646 nm, arising from 4G5/2 → 6H5/2, 6H7/2, and 6H9/2 transitions, respectively. This review paper attempts to furnish an in-depth analysis and highlight the significant outcomes of the recently published organosamarium complexes. Lastly, the key challenges and future perspectives for the design and development of organosamarium complexes in various applications are provided in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermochromic materials have garnered significant attention for their ability to change color in response to temperature fluctuations, offering innovative solutions for smart textiles, fashion, and functional clothing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of organic thermochromic materials and their potential in textile applications. It begins by explaining the fundamental principles and mechanisms of thermochromism, exploring various organic types such as leuco dyes, liquid crystals, and polymers, along with their advantages and limitations in textile applications. The paper delves into aspects such as synthesis methods, compatibility with textile substrates, durability, and washfastness. Recent advancements, including innovative manufacturing techniques and emerging materials, are highlighted, showcasing enhanced performance characteristics. The diverse applications of organic thermochromic textiles, from thermally responsive clothing for comfort and energy efficiency to visual indicators for temperature monitoring in industrial settings, are discussed. Finally, the review offers insights into future trends and prospects for organic thermochromic materials in textiles. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, textile engineers, and designers aiming to leverage organic thermochromic materials to create dynamic and functional textiles for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia becomes one of the indispensable raw materials in production and life, with the continuous development of industry. Ammonia pollution of the environment is becoming more and more serious, so the adsorption of ammonia is essential. In this paper, a new biochar material based on tannic acid was developed. The tannic acid was self-polymerized using different activators (K2CO3, KHCO3, KOH). Tannic acid biochar (TAB-X) was obtained by pyrolytic carbonization reaction at 800 ℃. The biochar was treated with phosphoric acid 10% by mass (TAB-X-10%PO4), and unlike other biochar materials, the specific surface area and hydroxyl content were increased after acidification, but there were no acidic functional groups. It is noteworthy that the specific surface area of TAB-KOH increased from 22 m2/g to 667 m2/g after acidification. The adsorption capacity of ammonia vapor reached 342.6 mg/g. It is proposed that the adsorption mechanism is an adsorption process in which hydroxyl groups on the surface of TAB-X firstly adsorb water, and after that ammonia gas is then dissolved in the water molecules on the surface of the biochar. These results highlight the great potential of TAB as an adsorbent for the adsorption of ammonia, in addition to the low price of raw materials and the simple preparation conditions of this preparation process, which corresponds with the conditions for mass production as well as practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel composite phase change material (CPCM) is prepared with inorganic PCM through impregnation and dispersion method which can be used for thermal management applications. Inorganic PCMs have high latent heat and good thermal conductivity and are non-flammable, but there exist leakage (shape stability) and corrosion problems. To overcome these issues, a porous structured material is impregnated with the inorganic PCM (disodium hydrogen orthophosphate dodecahydrate). The CPCM is prepared by loading various wt% of expanded graphite and boron nitride nanoparticles with the PCM, and characterization is performed to find the thermal properties and stability. The findings from FTIR and XRD analyses validate both the chemical compatibility and crystalline nature of the samples. DSC thermographs reveal the CPCM5 sample has a latent heat value of 168.05 J/g during the heating process, an encapsulation efficiency of 78.8% and a thermal conductivity of 4.69 W/mK. The thermal stability and resistance to corrosion of the composite samples are also enhanced. The best composite PCM sample is then selected, and subsequently, the thermal performance of the heat sink is experimentally investigated. The thermal performance of rectangular cavity heat sink filled with CPCM5 is the highest for various power sources and temperatures with a maximum enhancement ratio of 6.57. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of metal–organic frameworks for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture has drawn considerable interest among researchers with MIL-101(Cr) gaining significance owing to its high stability. This paper investigates the one-step synthesis of MIL-101-NH2(Cr) by using guanidine hydrochloride as a mediator under relatively mild conditions (aqueous phase, reaction temperature of 120 °C, and without the use of mineralization agents such as hydrofluoric acid). MIL-101-NH2(Cr) not only exhibited a high specific surface area with a Lewis-base site-rich ligand but also possessed a good CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.96 mmol/g at 1 bar. Furthermore, diethylenetriamine (DETA) was loaded into MIL-101-NH2(Cr) to design a new CO2 adsorbent DETA@MIL-101-NH2(Cr). The loaded material maintained the original structure and also displayed an improved adsorption capacity of 0.29 mmol/g under low (< 0.11 bar) CO2 partial pressure. The absorbents possessed good selectivity, stability, and recyclability which make them ideal candidates for CO2 capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]