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The study involved 169 people, of which 33 were practically healthy, 69 had bronchial asthma, 24 had bronchial asthma combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 35 had COPD and 8 had community-acquired pneumonia. We assessed the presence of IgE to tick allergens, dust allergens, and the combined allergens of grass, trees, weeds and flower pollen. We determined the presence of IgE and IgG to the allergens Strept. ?neumon., Haemofil. influenzae, Neisseria ?erflava and Staph. ?ureus. We assessed the presence, multiplicity, severity and combination of sensitisation to the presence of specialised IgE towards infectious and atopic allergens. All study groups displayed sensitisation, including heaslthy people and patients with COPD and community-acquired pneumonia, who did not show clinical allergy symptoms. A statistically significant direct correlation was established between IgG and IgE to Strept. Pneumoniae and Haemofilus influenza in healthy subjects and those with pulmonary conditions. The IgE or IgG reaction to Neisseria perflava and Staph. ?ureus did not show a significant correlation in either healthy or affected subjects.

The nitrogen oxide content (Feno, ppb) was assessed in 113 people, with 26 healthy individuals (the control group), 64 patients with asthma, and 23 patients with COPD. Among the patients with asthma, 10 had mild disease severity, 50 had moderate disease severity and 4 had severe asthma. Twenty patients had both asthma and COPD. The results of the study demonstrated that Feno depends on a number of factors in asthma sufferers: i. Disease severity, with patients with moderate and severe asthma having much higher Feno values than patients with mild asthma ii. Disease phase, with Feno values being significantly higher during asthma exacerbation than during asthma remission iii. Responsiveness to treatment, with patients with difficult-to-treat asthma demonstrating significantly higher Feno values. Patients with COPD displayed low Feno levels, which were significantly lower than in asthma patients. Patients with COPD had low Feno levels even with a high cellular sputum content, which indicates significant airway inflammation.

This study was done in order to determine the cellular phenotypes of spontaneous sputum, and to evaluate the features of respiratory inflammation based on sputum cytology results. The study looked at 72 patients, with 23 patients having moderate asthma in combination with chronic bronchitis (asthma + CB), 18 patients having moderate asthma in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (asthma + COPD), and 31 patients having only COPD. All patients were studied during a period of disease exacerbation and had a productive cough. Eosinophilic, neutrophilic, epithelial and macrophagic phenotypes were determined. Mono cellular phenotypes were rare, with patients with asthma and COPD having a predominantly multi cellular phenotype. It is widely accepted and confirmed in international statements (GINA, GOLD) that broncho pulmonary inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For this reason, doctors and researchers are interested in studying sputum, which is a product of the respiratory tract.