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Objective: To develop and validate a risk prediction model for severe DPN in patients with type 2 diabetes using glucose variability parameters, and to provide the evidence for the prevention and treatment of diabetic chronic complications. Methods　The medical records from 323 inpatients with T2DM who met the inclusion criteria were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from April 2019 to May 2020. Based on the professional sensory threshold measured, patients were divided into none-sever DPN group and severe DPN group. Lasso regression model was used to select risk factors. A risk prediction models for severe DPN was established and shown as a nomogram. ROC curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis was used to validate the model. Results: Age, smoking, dyslipidemia, HbA1c and TIR were significant predictors of severe DPN in type 2 diabetes patients, and TIR was an independent risk factor for severe DPN. An assessing model discrimination was established by using ROC curves with AUC = 0.653 (95%CI = 0.592 - 0.715, P < 0.05). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to determine the model fit with P value 0.074. Conclusion: TIR can be a significant predictor of the severe DPN in patients with T2DM, and the clinical prediction model established on the basis of TIR has the fair accuracy. It is recommended to actively intervene in the patients with a risk of severe DPN greater than 20% (score > 250) evaluated by the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To systematically evaluate the development of auditory and language in children with inner ear malformation after cochlear implantation, in addition, to compare and analyze the differences of auditory and language development between these children and children with normal inner ear structure. Methods The 52 children with unilateral cochlear implantation were retrospectively selected and analyzed, they were divided into abnormal inner ear structure group and normal inner ear structure group according to whether the inner ear structure was abnormal or not, with 26 cases in each group. The auditory and language development of the two groups were compared and analyzed before operation, the 1st month, 3 rd month, 6 th month and 12th month after operation. The auditory function was assessed with CAP and ITMAIS scales, while the language function was assessed with SIR and MUSS scales. Results At the 1st month, 3 rd month, 6 th month and 12th month after cochlear implantation, the scores of auditory and language development (CAP, ITMAIS, SIR and MUSS) were significantly different from those before cochlear implantation, which has showed a gradually increasing trend. The auditory function of normal inner ear structure group and abnormal inner ear structure group were compared before operation, the 1st month, 3 rd month, 6 th month and 12th month after operation, there was statistical significant difference (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the normal inner ear structure group and the abnormal inner ear structure group in the preoperative language function SIR score (P = 0.303), however, there were significant differences in language function between the two groups at the 1st month, 3 rd month, 6 th month and 12th month after operation (P < 0.05). Conclusion Within one year after cochlear implantation, the auditory and language ability of children with inner ear malformation has been significantly improved, however, there are some differences between the children with abnormal inner ear structure and those with normal inner ear structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]