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Background: Soluble Intercellular adhesion molecule sICAM-1 has been identified as an biomarker of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 12 weeks endurance training on soluble intercellular adhesion molecules -1 (sICAM -1) (cardiovascular inflammation factor) and lipid profiles on elderly men. Methods: Among elderly men who volunteered to participate in this study, 24 persons were chosen randomly as the samples and were divided into two groups: control group (n=12) and experimental group (n=12).Training schedule was performed in 12 weeks, 3 sessions a week, using determined time and intensity (between 50 - 75 % HR max).Blood sampling was conducted after 14 hours of fasting and 24 hours after the last session of training, both in a similar condition. The commercial kit of Diaclone, made in France, was used for biochemical analysis and evaluation of sICAM-1 values. The laboratory kits of Pars Azmoon Company i.e. Hyperion model of Elisa Reader instrument was used for evaluation of lipid profile values. Resulting data were analyzed using SPSS15 software and Kolmogrov-Smirnov, both t-dependent and t-independent at a meaningful level (α ≤ 0.05). Findings: The results of this study revealed that 12 weeks of endurance training has a significant reduction in sICAM-1 values (P≤0.05) which is a new biomarker for the prediction of cardiovascular accidents, however, no significant reduction (P≥0.05) observed in lipid profile values of elderly men(TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C). Conclusion: By noticing significant reduction in inflammatory biomarker of sICAM-1, contrary to the lack of significant reduction in lipid profile caused by endurance training, perhaps sICAM-1 biomarker can be introduced as a more sensitive and accurate marker for the prediction of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]