Search

Controlling is perceived differently in practice and the range of practical tools often determines its essence. The aim of this study is to identify whether the performance indicator of manufacturing enterprises is a classifying factor in that involves the practical use of controlling. A total of 357 manufacturing enterprises were interviewed through a questionnaire by means of stratified sampling in 2021/22 and a Chi-square goodness-of-fit test was used to test the representativeness. Pearson's chi-square test, interval estimates of proportions, and z-test were used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed a significant dependence between the performance level of manufacturing enterprises measured by profit and the use of a wider range of controlling tools, as well as between the capital structure and the complexity of compiling a controlling report. The findings suggest that there are considerable gaps in the potential application of controlling in manufacturing enterprises, both in terms of the many controlling tools and in terms of using a higher level of the control function through controlling reports. Should these gaps be eliminated, the performance potential of enterprises would undoubtedly increase and overall decision-making would improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During periods of uncertainty, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the significance of Corporate Governance (CG) practices is highlighted. The study aims to evaluate the adoption of CG practices in companies listed on the Slovak capital market, with a specific focus on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. The data were collected manually from the annual reports of these companies, and covered the period from 2016 to 2021. The Corporate Governance Index, which is developed through Saaty's method, is used to evaluate the overall level of CG implementation. Individual components of the CG Index are also examined. Between 2016 and 2021, the majority of the examined CG criteria and the overall CG Index showed improvement as compared to 2011 - 2015. However, currently, nearly 50% of companies do not disclose information on corporate governance, remuneration, and risk management, and many companies have not succeeded in establishing nomination and remuneration committees or making any progress in terms of board gender diversity. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a moderate impact on some criteria. On the one hand, the information on board member remuneration and risk management has moderately deteriorated. On the other hand, the audit committee has shown improvement. Nevertheless, the pandemic has not significantly affected the overall adoption of CG practices in Slovak companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial ratios can be considered a crucial determinant of reliability for the bankruptcy prediction models. Therefore, it is necessary to be vigilant during the preparation of bankruptcy prediction models so that to include those ratios, which ensure the highest degree of predictive power. The aim of this paper is to define the so-called etalon unsuccessful business that can serve as a standard comparative basis for other unsuccessful companies operating in Slovak Republic. Own quantification of the selected ratios was created on the database of the published financial statements of several thousand businesses operating in Slovak Republic between 2014 and 2015. This database has undergone extensive filtration of extreme data for maximal objectification of the results. Universal criterion for inclusion of a enterprise into the category of unsuccessful enterprises through the values of the three ratios (R1, L3, Z4) have been created. This criterion was named as unsuccessfulness indicators while respecting the applicable legal standards of Slovak Republic governing the conditions of unsuccessfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the problem of innovation support and economic development at the regional level. The innovation potential still differs significantly among the EU regions. Perhaps the key factor determining innovation potential and performance of a region is R&D expenditure. The main aim of the paper is to test the potential relationship between gross domestic expenditure on R&D and economic development of the regions. Our dataset consists of the data on the regions of four Visegrad countries during the period of 2001-2014. We assume the existence of non-linear relationship and expect that R&D expenditures are significantly lower in less developed regions. Using the panel Granger causality and panel regression analysis based on these data, we provide insight into the potential relationship between regional economic development measured in terms of GDP per capita and investments in R&D controlling for the number of R&D employees. Our results strongly suggest that higher regional GDP per capita is associated with higher regional gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) per inhabitant. GERD per capita appears to be exponentially rising with regional GDP per capita. We have also found significant regional disparities in terms of innovation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]