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Background: There is a need to systematically compare and contrast mortality predictors and disparities in people with intellectual disabilities (ID) for global prevention strategy development. Method: Bibliographic databases and grey literature were searched using systematic review methodology and the machine learning tool "Abstrackr." Results: Fifty-four relevant articles and reports published from 2010 to 2019 were identified. Nearly all (n = 53) were from high-income countries. Mortality disparities were apparent and consistent across countries and publication years, with no evidence of a decrease over time. People with ID can still expect to live 12-23 years less than the general population and are particularly vulnerable to deaths from respiratory infections and epilepsy. Conclusions: Both population and individual-level approaches to prevention are indicated to tackle the continuing mortality disparities in people with ID, including consideration of reasonable adjustments in general population efforts to reduce health inequalities.

Background: Canada was the first country to develop legal mechanisms that allow for supported decision making, and little research has explored how decision making is supported in this context. This research aimed to understand how seven people with intellectual disabilities, living in two Canadian provinces, were supported with their decision making. Method: The research used constructivist grounded theory methodology, interviewing and observing the decision making of seven people with mild to severe intellectual disabilities and 25 decision supporters. Results: A common process of decision-making support was discovered, involving dynamic interaction between the person's will and preferences and supporters' responses. This interaction was influenced by five factors: the experiences and attributes the person and their supporter brought to the process; the quality of their relationship; the decision-making environment and the nature and consequences of the decision. Conclusion: The highly individualised and contextually dependent nature of decision-making support has implications for supported decision-making practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This article aims to present the results of a study on the facilitators and obstacles to community participation in inclusive settings for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Québec City (Canada), as perceived by adults with ID and key individuals involved in their daily lives. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted, followed by an inductive thematic analysis process. Results: Twenty participants shared their perspectives on the factors that influence community participation of adults with ID in inclusive settings. Overall, they revolved around physical and financial accessibility, openness of the members of the groups attended, as well as the adaptations and support provided to promote the people's active participation. Conclusions: Offering social support and interventions that truly help adults with ID create meaningful relationships is crucial. Training community members is also fundamental to creating environments where people with ID can feel that they belong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There is a lack of evidence in Canada surrounding the costs to parents and society to raise a child with intellectual disability. Knowledge of these costs is necessary to ensure appropriate governmental support to families and to assess the financial impact of new diagnostic tests and treatments. Method We adapted 2 paper-based cost diaries into an online retrospective survey and evaluated it using a small pilot study of individuals with Down syndrome. Results Parents completed the survey with apparent ease, giving answers requiring little clarification; they used comment fields to add data that elaborated on both financial and emotional costs. Costs appeared concordant with those reported in other countries. Conclusion The survey successfully documents care time required, impact on employment, and other expenses. Minor modifications were made as a result of this pilot, and the survey is now available for wider use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]