495 results on '"SEXUAL orientation"'
Search Results
2. Methodology for Studying Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Social Sex-Role Stereotypes
- Author
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De Cecco, John P. and Figliulo, Mary C.
- Abstract
Presents methodology used in collecting data for study of the relationship of sexual orientation and social sex-role to the protection of civil liberties. The methodology is designed to determine how departures in sexual orientation and social sex-role are the basis for the abridgment of civil liberties. (Author)
- Published
- 1978
3. A Study of Perceptions of Rights and Needs in Interpersonal Conflicts in Homosexual Relationships
- Author
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De Cecco, John P. and Shively, Michael G.
- Abstract
Examines issues of rights and needs in interpersonal conflicts of couples of the same biological sex and sexual orientation. The right most frequently perceived as an issue was participation in decision making. The need most frequently perceived as an issue was power. Almost no conflicts were resolved through negotiation. (Author)
- Published
- 1978
4. Sexual Orientation and Violations of Civil Liberties
- Author
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Adelman, Marcy R.
- Abstract
This study determined that sexual orientation is frequently assumed rather than known. Bases for assumption include gossip and rumor, appearance and behavior, and association with others. Sexual orientation was most frequently assumed on the basis of appearance and behavior. Presented at the American Psychological Association Convention, Washington, D.C., 1976. (Author)
- Published
- 1977
5. Sexual Preference, Sex Role Appropriateness, and Restriction of Social Access
- Author
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Millham, Jim and Weinberger, Linda E.
- Abstract
This study related components of gender inappropriateness that isolate target persons from sources of reward and hence function as social controls against such deviance. The study confirmed that a significant portion of negative responsiveness toward homosexuals results from the belief that their behavior is incongruent with their anatomical sex. (Author)
- Published
- 1977
6. The Effects of Social Sex-Role Stereotypes and Sexual Orientation on Psychotherapeutic Outcomes
- Author
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Liljestrand, Petra
- Abstract
Clients (N=24) and 16 therapists, including five client-therapist pairs, were interviewed on how issues of social sex-role stereotyping and sexual orientation arose and were dealt with in therapy. Results indicated that similarity of sexual orientation of client and therapist is related to positive psychotherapeutic outcomes. (Author)
- Published
- 1978
7. A Latent Profile Analysis of Religious Parents’ Responses to Their Sexual and Gender Diverse Child.
- Author
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Hanna-Walker, Veronica, Lefkowitz, Eva S., and Watson, Ryan J.
- Subjects
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LGBTQ+ youth , *RELIGIOUS identity , *SEXUAL orientation , *RACE , *PARENTS - Abstract
Prior research indicates that religious parents can have negative, positive, or ambivalent responses to their child’s sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI). Yet, to our knowledge no research has quantitatively examined patterns of sexual and gender diverse (SGD) youth’s perceptions of their religious parents’ responses to their SOGI. Without examining variations in these patterns, we are unable to better understand the experiences of SGD youth with religious parents. In the current paper, we examined patterns of SGD youth’s perceptions of their religious parents’ SOGI-specific rejection, acceptance, and SOGI change efforts. We also examined if these patterns differed by SGD youth’s individual and contextual factors. The analytic sample consisted of online responses from 5,686 SGD youth (
M age = 15.95). We found four distinct profiles:Positive Parental Response, Moderate Negative Parental Response, Low Parental Response , andHigh Negative Parental Response . The largest profile was thePositive Parental Response , suggesting that many SGD youth perceived positive responses from their religious parents. SGD youth with diverse gender identities and intersecting identities, such as race/ethnicity, were more vulnerable to religious parents’ negative responses. Findings have implications for existing resources and programs aimed at strengthening SGD youth’s relationship with their religious parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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8. University Student Attitudes Regarding Answering Sex, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity Questions on University Application Forms.
- Author
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Owens, Christopher
- Subjects
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COLLEGE student attitudes , *SEXUAL orientation , *STUDENT attitudes , *ATTITUDES toward sex , *UNIVERSITY & college admission , *GENDER identity - Abstract
A sample of 700 undergraduate university students throughout the US completed an online survey about their attitudes answering questions about their sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity (SSOGI) on their university admission form. This study examined differences between cisgender and transgender and gender diverse students in attitudes related to answering sex assigned at birth and gender identity questions, and between heterosexual students and students of diverse sexual orientations in attitudes related to answering sexual orientation questions. Overall, students indicated positive attitudes about answering SSOGI questions on their university application form, but attitudes toward sexual orientation questions were less positive. Differences were found in question/answer choice understanding (gender identity and sexual orientation), ease of answering (sex assigned at birth), offensiveness in asking (sex assigned at birth), privacy concerns (sex assigned at birth), comfort in answering (sex assigned at birth and sexual orientation), confidentiality concerns (gender identity), and importance of asking (sex assigned at birth and sexual orientation). Findings demonstrate that most respondents held positive attitudes about answering SSOGI questions and that communicating to LGBTQ+ applicants the importance of and privacy protections associated with answering SSOGI questions on university application forms might be important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. A Multigroup Structural Equation Modeling Approach for Analyzing Differences Among Sexually Diverse Youth.
- Author
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Kuhlemeier, Alena and Willging, Cathleen E.
- Subjects
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RACE , *BISEXUAL women , *STRUCTURAL equation modeling , *SEXUAL orientation , *AT-risk youth , *LGBTQ+ youth - Abstract
High rates of negative behavioral health outcomes among sexually diverse (SD) youth are consistently documented, but population-level trends obscure within-group differences. Social dynamics intersect in youths’ lives in ways that cannot be accounted for by summing their independent effects. An intersectional perspective is essential to understanding the behavioral health outcomes of SD youth. We performed multigroup structural equation modeling using an SD subset of New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey (
N = 10,037) respondents to examine the moderating role of supportive adult relationships for lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth across 12 intersecting (sexual orientation by race/ethnicity by sex) identity categories. Standardized estimates show that supportive relationships are associated with moderate reductions in psychological distress among lesbians (β = –0.459 for Native, β = –0.303 for Hispanic, and β = –0.421 for white) and female bisexual youth (β = –0.352 for Native, β = –0.376 for Hispanic, and β = –0.393 for white). Among male youth, supportive relationships are associated with reduced likelihood of substance use for gay (β = –0.330 for Native, β = –0.464 for Latinx and β = –0.591 for white) and bisexual youth (β = –0.442 for Native, β = –0.306 for Latinx and β = –0.290 for white). This study challenges monolithic characterizations of SD youth, illustrating that the health-promotive benefits of support differ based on sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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10. From Feeling Tough to Mental Growth: Coping with Sexual Bullying During Childhood in Gay and Bisexual Men.
- Author
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Tseng, Ying-Hua, Chang, Yu-Ping, Chou, Fan-Hao, and Yen, Cheng-Fang
- Subjects
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GENDER nonconformity , *BISEXUAL men , *MENTAL health personnel , *COGNITIVE development , *SEXUAL orientation , *BULLYING - Abstract
This qualitative study was conducted to understand how gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Taiwan cope with childhood bullying because of their sexual orientation or gender nonconformity. We explored their journey from feeling disturbed to receiving social support, developing coping strategies, and achieving self-growth. Colaizzi’s phenomenological approach was used to investigate subject experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 GBM who had experienced high-level sexual bullying in childhood. Relevant data were collected to assess their experiences of sexual bullying, their coping strategies, and subjective effects of corresponding adjustments in interpersonal interactions. Subject experiences concentrated on six themes related to sexual bullying and coping strategies: bullying at developmental stages, bullying everywhere, facing bullying alone, various impacts of bullying, overcoming challenges of interpersonal relationships, and building a strong and carefree self. Our findings can provide mental health professionals with key insights into the contexts of sexual bullying and the associated psychological distress in GBM. This study further clarifies the coping responses of these individuals and their psychological growth following such adverse experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. Measuring Propensity to Perpetrate Microaggressions Toward LGBTQ Individuals: Sexual Orientation Microaggression Scale (SOMS-P) and Gender Identity Microaggression Scale (GIMS-P) Perpetration Version.
- Author
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Botor, Nephtaly Joel B. and Tuliao, Antover P.
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GENDER identity , *SEXUAL orientation , *BULLYING , *MICROAGGRESSIONS , *SEXUAL minorities , *FACTOR analysis - Abstract
This study is an initial psychometric evaluation of the Sexual Orientation Microaggression Perpetration Scale (SOMS-P) and Gender Identity Microaggression Perpetration Scale (GIMS-P). Using data from 2,059 undergraduate students (
M age = 21.37,SD = 4.98; Range 18–68; 78.6% assigned female at birth, 13.3% self-identified as sexual minority person), item factor analysis for binary indicators and model comparisons indicated that a correlated four- and five-factor solution for the SOMS-P and GIMS-P, respectively, outperformed a one-factor and higher-order solutions. SOMS-P and GIMS-P scores were positively associated with self-reports of bullying, violence perpetration, and hostile attitudes toward individuals who self-identify as sexual or gender minorities. They were negatively associated with attitudes supportive of sexual or gender minority persons. Reliability of .80 and higher was observed only for theta values between + 0.40 to + 2.60 SD. The psychometric evaluation showed that, while there remain to be opportunities to examine their validity across diverse contexts, SOMS-P and GIMS-P are sound measures of the propensity for SOGI microaggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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12. Baby Boomer Gay Men’s Experiences with Primary Healthcare.
- Author
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Loeb, Aaron J., Crane, Stacey M., Wilkerson, J. Michael, Robison, Ann J., and Johnson, Constance M.
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GAY men , *BABY boom generation , *DISCRIMINATION in medical care , *MEDICAL personnel , *SEXUAL orientation , *HOMOPHOBIA - Abstract
This research explored baby boomer gay men’s experiences with primary healthcare and their perspectives of future long-term care. Baby boomer gay men’s perspectives about primary healthcare remain understudied in the United States. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 30 baby boomer men in the Southwest USA. We used semi-structured interviews to assess participants’ initiation and maintenance of primary healthcare, disclosure of sexual orientation to providers, and perspectives about future healthcare needs, including long-term care. Data were analyzed with a latent thematic analysis. We found baby boomer gay men anticipate discrimination because of their sexual orientation whenever they establish healthcare with new providers. Participants identified circumstantial comfort in the new healthcare setting as a key motivator to disclose their sexual orientation. Thus, baby boomer gay men specifically sought gay or gay-friendly healthcare providers to ease the burden of managing disclosure and to permit free discussion of their sexual orientation and healthcare needs. Participants faced recurring anticipation of rejection and discrimination from healthcare providers, which extends to their perceptions of current healthcare encounters and future long-term care placement. Healthcare providers would benefit from understanding the practice implications of this dynamic. Future research on primary healthcare inclusivity is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Faggot! Dyke! Experiences of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Physical Education Teachers and their Strategies in the Face of Homophobia.
- Author
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Martinez-Merino, Nagore, Sáenz-Macana, Angélica María, Gil-Quintana, Javier, Pereira-Garcia, Sofia, Soler-Prat, Susanna, and Martos-Garcia, Daniel
- Subjects
- *
HOMOPHOBIA , *PHYSICAL education teachers , *COMING out (Sexual orientation) , *SEXUAL orientation , *LESBIANS , *TEACHER role - Abstract
The growing visibility of the LGBTQ community and the demand for their rights, also in the educational context, have led, among other things, to a higher focus on the experiences of teachers and the role they play when facing homophobia and promoting diversity and respect. In this sense, lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) teachers could experience their sexual orientation and its visibility as a problem. However, specific knowledge about these experiences is limited, also in Physical Education (PE). This study explores these experiences through data collected from 24 in-depth interviews with Primary and Secondary LGB PE teachers in Spain. The results align with the international literature, highlighting that disclosing their sexual orientation is a key aspect of participants’ experience. Although teachers agree on the advantages of “coming out of the closet,” LGB PE teachers define their strategies based on contextual elements such as fear of the families’ reaction, the type of school, or the training received. They develop strategies such as ignoring homophobic acts, reacting against them, or using them educationally. Overall, homophobia in the educational context affects them emotionally. As a conclusion, it is essential to improve training, engage allies, and involve the entire educational community in the fight against homophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. Discrimination, Internalized Sexual Prejudice and the Post-Sex Experience Among Members of Sexual Minorities.
- Author
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Toussaint, Derrek J., Schweitzer, Robert, and Mitchell, Rohani
- Subjects
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SEXUAL minorities , *PREJUDICES , *LIFE satisfaction , *SEXUAL orientation , *PERCEIVED discrimination , *LGBTQ+ people - Abstract
Postcoital dysphoria (PCD) refers to a counter-intuitive experience of sadness, tearfulness, irritability or dysphoria following an otherwise satisfactory and consensual sexual experience. Research to date has primarily focused on heteronormative samples. The current study explored the prevalence of PCD, and potential correlates of internalized sexual prejudice, perceived discrimination, and sex life satisfaction within a LGBTQIA+ population. One hundred and seventy-two adults identifying as LGBTQIA+ completed an online survey. Main outcome measures included the Post Sex Experience Scale (p-SES), Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), Internalized Homophobia Scale (IHS), Satisfaction with Sex Life Scale (SWSLS), and study specific questions. Prevalence of PCD was 42% of males attracted to other males and 81% of participants identifying as bisexual/sexual fluid. A significant and a moderate inverse correlation was found between sex life satisfaction and PCD (
r = −.75) for individuals identifying as bisexual/fluid sexual orientation. Significant correlations were found between perceived discrimination and PCD (weak positive correlation,r = .28), and sex life satisfaction and PCD (moderate negative correlation,r = −.59) in men attracted to men. This research suggests being a member of a sexual minority is associated with sex-related dysphoria and dissatisfaction. Further research is needed to further elucidate PCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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15. Is That Really Sexual Harassment? The Effect of a Victim’s Sexual Orientation on How People View a Sexual Harassment Claim.
- Author
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Kulibert, Danica, Reidt, India, and O’Brien, Laurie
- Abstract
In four experiments and a meta-analysis, the present research examined how the sexual orientation of a victim affected the perceived legitimacy of sexual harassment claims. Working from prototype theory, the researchers hypothesized that because lesbian women deviate from the prototype of a sexual harassment victim, people would be less likely to perceive sexual harassment claims as legitimate when the victim was a lesbian woman as compared to a heterosexual woman. Although Experiment 1 yielded results congruent with the hypothesis, Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 did not. A meta-analysis conducted to assess effects of sexual orientation across all studies was not significant (
g = −.06,z = −1.20,p = .23). The impact of victim prototypicality on perceptions of sexual harassment claims is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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16. “Homophobic Attitudes in Families: From the Netherlands to Paraguay - the Urgent Need for LGBTQ+ Rights and Research in Conservative Contexts”.
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Rios-González, Carlos Miguel
- Subjects
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LGBTQ+ families , *LGBTQ+ youth , *LGBTQ+ people , *SEXUAL orientation , *TRANSGENDER people , *SAME-sex marriage , *MINORITY stress , *HOMOPHOBIA - Abstract
This letter to the editor responds to a study on parent-child similarities in homophobic attitudes and discomfort with LGBTQ+ topics in the Netherlands. The author offers a comparative perspective from Paraguay, highlighting the urgent need for LGBTQ+ rights in the country. They discuss the legal and social disparities between the Netherlands and Paraguay, emphasizing the prevalence of homophobic attitudes and the challenges faced by LGBTQ+ individuals in Paraguay. The author calls for culturally specific research and targeted interventions to reduce homophobia and promote LGBTQ+ acceptance in Paraguay, as well as legal and social reforms to protect the rights of LGBTQ+ individuals. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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17. Mental Disorders and Suicidality by Sexual Orientation Status Among First-Year College Students in France.
- Author
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Germanaud, Emma, Callahan, Stacey, Revranche, Mathieu, Biscond, Margot, Pic, Océane, and Husky, Mathilde
- Abstract
Studies indicate that non-heterosexual young adults experience higher rates of mental health problems in various settings. This study seeks to further explore these associations, distinguishing heterosexual, gay/lesbian, bisexual and individuals questioning their sexual identity. Data were drawn from the French portion of the World Mental Health International College Student survey initiative (
n = 3,545). Logistic regressions were performed to estimate the associations of sexual orientation with 12-month mental disorders and suicidal ideation and behaviors. Overall, 81.6% (n = 2,894) of students identified as heterosexual, 2.9% (n = 103) as gay/lesbian, 8.5% (n = 302) as bisexual and 6.9% (n = 246) stated questioning their sexual orientation. In adjusted models, compared to heterosexuals, students identifying as bisexual reported greater odds of major depression, panic disorder, drug use disorder and suicidality, gay/lesbian students were more likely to present with panic disorder, suicidal ideation and plans, and students questioning their sexual orientation were at greater risk for generalized anxiety disorder, suicidal ideation, and plans. The study confirmed higher rates for mental health disorders for non-heterosexual young adults, with little evidence of significant differences between minority subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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18. Quantifying Sexual Orientation Among Homeless and Unstably Housed Women in a Longitudinal Study: Identity, Behavior, and Fluctuations Over a Three-Year Period
- Author
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Flentje, Annesa, Brennan, James, Satyanarayana, Satyanand, Shumway, Martha, and Riley, Elise
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Gender Studies ,Human Society ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Homelessness ,HIV/AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,Adult ,Cohort Studies ,Female ,Gender Identity ,Ill-Housed Persons ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Middle Aged ,Sexual Behavior ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Sexual orientation ,fluctuation ,sexual identity ,sexual behavior ,women ,homelessness ,lesbian ,bisexual ,Sociology ,Other Studies in Human Society ,Psychology ,Social Psychology ,Gender studies ,Clinical and health psychology ,Social and personality psychology - Abstract
Sexual orientation has been linked to certain health conditions, and yet quantifying sexual orientation in longitudinal studies is challenging. This study examined different methods of accounting for sexual orientation in a cohort study of 300 homeless and unstably housed women followed every 6 months over 3 years. Altogether, 39.7% (n = 119) could be considered sexual minority at one or more time points based on identity and/or behavior; 16.3% (n = 49) reported shifts in sexual identity. Only 24.0% (n = 72) were identified as sexual minority through a single measure of sexual identity, 27.0% (n = 81) were identified with a single measure of identity and behavior, 33.0% (n = 99) were identified through annual measures of identity and behavior, and 22.0%-22.3% (n = 66-67) were identified through latent class analysis including all identity/behavior measures. This study found that sexual fluidity is common in unstably housed women, and many sexual minority women would be missed in longitudinal studies with different methods of accounting for sexual orientation.
- Published
- 2020
19. Ethnic Discrimination, Sexual Orientation Discrimination, and DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder Among U.S. Latino or Hispanic Adults.
- Author
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Kcomt L, Boyd CJ, Evans-Polce RJ, Veliz P, Engstrom C, West BT, and McCabe SE
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, United States epidemiology, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Adolescent, Sexual Behavior, Aged, Hispanic or Latino, Alcoholism ethnology, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- Abstract
We aimed to assess the probability of past-year DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and past-year moderate-to-severe DSM-5 AUD as a function of past-year ethnic discrimination among U.S. Latino/Hispanic adults and as a function of past-year discrimination types among Latino/Hispanic sexual minorities (SM). We used data from the 2012-2013 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III ( n = 36,309 U.S. adults aged ≥18 years). Our sample consisted of 6,954 Latino/Hispanic adults. Multivariable logistic regression analyses estimated the association of past-year ethnic discrimination with past-year AUD and past-year moderate-to-severe AUD among the overall Latino/Hispanic population. We tested the association between discrimination types (i.e. none, ethnic or sexual orientation discrimination, both) with AUD and moderate-to-severe AUD among Latino/Hispanic SM adults. Among Latino/Hispanic adults, 13.4% met criteria for past-year AUD and 6.4% met criteria for past-year moderate-to-severe AUD. Ethnic discrimination was significantly associated with AUD (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.07-1.12) and moderate-to-severe AUD (AOR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06-1.13). Latino/Hispanic SMs who experienced both ethnic and sexual orientation discrimination were more likely to meet criteria for AUD (AOR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.97-6.03) and moderate-to-severe AUD (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.25-5.82) compared to those who did not experience discrimination. Discrimination is a risk factor for AUD and moderate-to-severe AUD among Latino/Hispanic overall and SM populations.
- Published
- 2024
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20. Coping Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Sexual and Gender Identity.
- Author
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Houghtaling LM, Manning WD, and Kamp Dush CM
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- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Adolescent, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, United States epidemiology, COVID-19 psychology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Adaptation, Psychological, Sexual and Gender Minorities psychology, Gender Identity, Pandemics
- Abstract
National polls have shown that COVID-19 has been highly stressful, negatively affecting well-being and life satisfaction overall, but few studies have focused on individuals with sexual and gender diverse identities. Pandemic-related stress may increase engagement in adverse or negative health-related coping behaviors and decrease engagement in positive coping strategies, potentially exacerbating existing LGBTQ+ health disparities. Relying on a nationally representative population-based sample, we examine disparities in rates of negative and positive COVID-19 coping behaviors by sexual and gender identities. Using Poisson regression models adjusted for key sociodemographic and pandemic related factors, we found higher rates of negative and positive coping behaviors among certain sexual and gender diverse groups compared to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. Specifically, we find that lesbian and gay respondents reported more positive and negative coping strategies compared to heterosexual persons. We also found higher rates of negative coping behaviors among plurisexual (bisexual, pansexual, omnisexual) and noncisgender adults (transgender or other nonbinary gender identity) compared to heterosexual and cisgender adults, respectively. We contribute to prior studies by focusing on both negative and positive pandemic related coping among sexually and gender diverse populations. These responses to the pandemic may have long-term implications for the health and well-being of sexual and gender diverse individuals.
- Published
- 2024
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21. Sexual Diversity Bullying and Cyberbullying Questionnaires: An Inclusive Approach to Measure Sexuality-Based Bullying.
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Muñoz-Fernández N, Del Rey R, Mora-Merchán JA, and Elipe P
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adolescent, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sexuality, Students psychology, Sexual and Gender Minorities psychology, Cyberbullying psychology, Bullying
- Abstract
LGBTQ+ bullying is a specific type of stigma-based bullying with a high prevalence among LGBTQ+ people. However, instruments to assess this phenomenon are scarce and focus on homophobic aggressions, and the motivations therefor, mainly in relation to gay and lesbian youths. In this study, we introduce and validate an instrument to assess LGBTQ+ bullying. The instrument covers general and specific aggressions, as well as dimensions of sexuality besides sexual orientation such as gender identity and expression, as a more comprehensive approach to understand the phenomenon. The study included 2,552 adolescents (M
Age = 14.54, SD = 1.76) from 13 Andalusian public secondary schools. Regarding gender identity, 43.9% of participants were cisgender boys, 53.5% were cisgender girls, and 2.6% were trans-binary and non-binary gender youths. In terms of sexual orientation, 81.1% of participants were heterosexual students, 2.4% lesbian/gay, 11.2% bisexual/pansexual, 4.4% questioning, and 0.9% asexual. Second-order models for bullying and cyberbullying had a good fit. Moreover, invariance was seen for bullying [ΔCFI = -.003] and cyberbullying [ΔCFI = .003] victimization measures. Furthermore, there was a sexual diversity bias: cisgender heterosexual students were more likely to perpetrate LGBTQ+ aggressions, and LGBTQ+ students were more likely to be targets of general and specific aggressions.- Published
- 2024
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22. The Relationship Between Gender and Sexual Orientation in Academia.
- Author
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Steiger RL and Henry PJ
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- Humans, Universities, Male, Female, United States, Research, Gender Identity, Academia, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Sexual Behavior
- Abstract
To date, there has been no prior systematic analysis of where LGB research gets published and where LGB studies programs are housed within universities. LGB research could have a disciplinary home in any number of areas of study because of its relevance across many disciplines. Nevertheless, drawing upon the theory of sexuality-as-gendered, we predicted that LGB research and programs of study would be found predominantly within gender studies. We examine the extent to which sexual orientation research (Study 1) and U.S. university LGBTQ-related academic programming (Studies 2 and 3) has found their home in the gender studies discipline. Study 1 results showed gender studies have been the primary home of published sexual orientation research in top-ranked peer-reviewed journals over the past three decades. In Study 2, university LGBTQ academic programming was housed within gender studies departments more frequently than any other department-including standalone LGBTQ studies departments. In Study 3, Google searches for university "LGBT studies" frequently led to that university's gender studies department website as the top search result-including universities whose gender studies department offered zero LGBTQ-related courses. Combined, these results demonstrate far-reaching manifestations of the fact that gender and sexuality are inextricably intertwined constructs.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. The Slovenian Armed Forces Faces the Challenge of Inclusion of Their Homosexual Members.
- Author
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Vuk P
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, Military Personnel, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
The aim of this article is to highlight the issue of the inclusiveness of lesbian and gay man members in the Slovenian Armed Forces. Based on focused structured interviews, we studied both the social (perception of lesbians) and institutional aspect (perception of the Slovenian Armed Forces). The findings suggest that more attention should be paid to this issue and it should be explored from other methodological perspectives, which would help the Slovenian Armed Forces to follow the patterns of change in Slovenian society in order to maintain its legitimacy and an inclusive working environment also for social groups with different sexual orientation. The research concerns a sensitive and still mostly hidden topic of the Slovenian Armed Forces, which is not much talked about. The article brings the first military sociological research on the inclusion of lesbian and gay man members in the Slovenian Armed Forces.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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24. Disclosing One's Non-Heterosexual Sexual Orientation at Work in 2020: A Survey of Quebec LGBQ Workers.
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Morand E, Blais M, Côté I, Chamberland L, Baiocco M, and Samoilenko M
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- Humans, Female, Male, Quebec, Cross-Sectional Studies, Sexual Behavior, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Homosexuality, Female
- Abstract
Concealing one's non-heterosexual orientation (NHO) remains a protection strategy against workplace discrimination used by many lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ+) individuals. This article explores four sets of correlates (identity and individual trajectory, social support, professional position, and structural and cultural work context) relative to three levels of outness (total, partial, and null). Online cross-sectional data of 2,106 LGBQ+ participants from Quebec (Canada) showed that 27% reported total outness, while 64% reported partial outness, and 9%, null outness. Multinomial hierarchical regression analyses revealed that each set of correlates significantly contributed to levels of workplace NHO outness. The two sets of variables making the largest contributions to levels of outness were those pertaining to identity and individual trajectory (14% of the variance) and structural and cultural work context (9%). Compared to partial outness, null outness was associated with an unaccepting work climate, while total outness was more likely in contexts with organizational support (e.g., with the presence of an inclusivity policy). Without trivializing the influence of non-workplace factors on outness levels, the present findings support the need to develop an inclusive and accepting work climate for LGBQ+ individuals.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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25. Sexual Minority Status and Psychotic Experiences Among Young Adult College Students in the United States.
- Author
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Oh HY, Jacob L, Smith L, Leaune E, Zhou S, Shin JI, and Koyanagi A
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- Humans, Male, Female, Young Adult, United States epidemiology, Sexual Behavior psychology, Heterosexuality psychology, Gender Identity, Students, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
2020-2021 Healthy Minds Study, and used multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between sexual minority status and psychotic experiences, adjusting for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. We then tested whether psychosocial factors accounted for the association. Sexual minority status was associated with 1.87 times greater odds of having psychotic experiences over the past 12 months (aOR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.77-1.99; N = 110,551). Several factors mediated the association between sexual orientation and psychotic experiences such as loneliness (26.93%), anxiety (30.90%), depression (33.18%), and marijuana use (13.95%); all factors together accounted for 59.01% of the association between sexual minority status and psychotic experiences. Food insecurity, recent abuse, and discrimination did not significantly mediate the association. Findings should raise clinical awareness that psychotic experiences are more common among sexual minorities than among heterosexuals, which is largely explained by mental health factors, calling for targeted outreach and intervention.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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26. Age Moderates the Association of Community Connectedness and Psychological Distress Among LGBTQ+ Youth and Adults.
- Author
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Wedell E, Bettergarcia JN, Thomson BR, and Shrewsbury AM
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- Middle Aged, Young Adult, Humans, Adolescent, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Mental Health, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Psychological Distress
- Abstract
High levels of psychological distress present a major public health issue among LGBTQ+ youth and adults; however, research has repeatedly identified community connectedness as an important protective factor for mental health in LGBTQ+ populations. The aim of the present study was to examine whether age moderates the association of community connectedness on psychological distress in a community sample of LGBTQ+ people. In the present exploratory study, we analyzed secondary cross-sectional data from a sample of LGBTQ+ youth and adults ( n = 292) in a semi-rural community in the Western United States. Participants completed a measure of community connectedness, the K6, and the PHQ-4. The results of two moderation models showed that the negative association of community connectedness on psychological distress was strongest among youth, weaker among young adults, and nonsignificant among older middle-aged adults and older adults. These results provide further evidence for the potential buffering role of community connectedness on psychological distress for LGBTQ+ youth and young adults.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Sexual Orientation and Racial Bias in Relation to Medical Specialty.
- Author
-
Zelin NS, Scott C, Avila-Quintero VJ, Curlin K, Flores JM, and Bloch MH
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Sexual Behavior, Racism, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Physicians, Medicine
- Abstract
Physician explicit and implicit biases involving race and sexual orientation (SO) affect patient and provider experiences in healthcare settings. An anonymous survey was disseminated nationally to graduating medical students, residents, and practicing physicians to evaluate SO and racial biases across medical specialties. SO explicit and implicit bias were measured with the Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale, short form (ATLG-S) and Gay-Straight Implicit Association Test (IAT). Racial explicit and implicit bias were measured with the Quick Discrimination Index (QDI) and the Black-White IAT. Medical specialty was associated with racial explicit bias and specialty prestige with Black-White IAT score. Medical specialty and specialty prestige were not associated with SO bias. Female sex, sexual and gender minority (SGM) identity, and decreased religiosity were associated with reduced SO and racial bias. Provider race was associated with racial implicit and explicit bias.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Sexualization of Children or Human Rights? Attitudes Toward Addressing Sexual-Orientation Diversity in School.
- Author
-
Klocke U
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Humans, Male, Female, Sexual Behavior, Bisexuality, Schools, Human Rights, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Homosexuality, Female
- Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents are more likely to experience mental health problems than their heterosexual peers because they are victimized more often or fear discrimination. Governmental plans to improve this situation by addressing sexual diversity in German schools have been accompanied by public resistance and misinformation, e.g., that they aim to sexualize children. The present study assessed how widespread negative attitudes toward such plans really are and how they can be explained. A random sample of 2,013 German residents was surveyed by phone. Only 10% opposed promoting acceptance of LGB in school. Approval of such plans was predominantly predicted by respondents' beliefs about sexual orientation and the plans' aim, and only marginally by societal values. Respondents who knew that the plans' aim was to promote acceptance of LGB and not to sexualize children and that children with same-sex parents are just as well off as those with heterosexual parents showed higher approval, whereas respondents who believed that homosexuality is affected by socialization showed higher opposition.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Social Categorization of Sexual Orientation via Verbal Cues: Evidence From a "Who Said What?" Study.
- Author
-
Rengiiyiler S and Teközel M
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Sexual Behavior, Homosexuality, Social Perception, Cues, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
Even though an abundant amount of research has demonstrated the ability to identify others' sexual orientation via minimal nonverbal cues, few studies, if any, have investigated the role of verbal information sources on the social cognition of sexual orientation. Herein, we aimed to explore whether verbal cues (gendered names) are adequate for triggering social categorization processes. Additionally, whether participant gender, target gender, and attributions toward homosexual targets differentiate sexual orientation-based categorization was examined. Our data showed that (1) participants categorized targets based on sexual orientation via semantic information, (2) female participants' categorization tendencies were marginally stronger than the males', and (3) negative attributions toward homosexual targets did not influence the categorization levels. Accordingly, the results contribute to the existing literature indicating the automatic detection of sexual orientation and clarify that perceivers not only use numerous nonverbal sources to extract categorical information about sexual orientation but also verbal cues.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Sexual Orientation-Based Victimization and Internalized Homonegativity Among Latinx Sexual Minority Youth: The Moderating Effects of Social Support and School Level.
- Author
-
Zhao Z, Toomey RB, and Anhalt K
- Subjects
- Young Adult, Humans, Male, Female, Adolescent, Sexual Behavior, Social Support, Schools, Hispanic or Latino, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Crime Victims
- Abstract
Latinx sexual minority adolescents and young adults experience sexual orientation-based victimization at school and may internalize these heterosexist experiences. However, social support may buffer the deleterious contributions of sexual orientation-based victimization. The current study explored associations between sexual orientation-based victimization and internalized homonegativity in different social contexts (family, peer, school adult) and across development (high school versus college) among 238 Latinx sexual minority adolescents and young adults ( M = 19.03, SD = 2.28). Results indicated that sexual orientation-based victimization was positively associated with internalized homonegativity among Latinx sexual minority adolescents and young adults. Such associations were moderated by family support and the school level in the family context, such that in high school, family support exacerbated the association between sexual orientation-based victimization and internalized homonegativity. Yet, in college, family support mitigated that association. Findings also indicated that peer support exacerbated the association between sexual orientation-based victimization and internalized homonegativity in high school and college. No moderation of school adult support emerged in the context of school adults. Findings support the application of the minority stress model in Latinx sexual minority adolescents and young adults and highlight the complex moderating effect of social support across social contexts and development.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Sexual Fluidity in a Malaysian Sample: A Case for the Presence of Facilitative Environments within a Restrictive Sociocultural and Political Landscape.
- Author
-
Pinto J, Lai SY, and Low WY
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, Gender Identity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Report, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
This study investigated sexual fluidity in attractions and subsequent fluidity in sexual identities, its associations with sexual orientation identity labels, and self-reported likelihood of future change in sexual identity labels in a sample of same-sex attracted Malaysian women and men. Participants completed an online questionnaire measuring sexual fluidity in attractions and sexual identity, sexual orientation identity labels and likelihood of future change in identity labels. Sexual fluidity in attractions was reported by 72% of women and 64% of men, with 44% of women and 38% of men reporting subsequent fluidity in sexual orientation identities. There were no significant gender differences observed in the frequency of sexual fluidity in attractions and change in sexual identity labels. There were also no significant gender differences in the self-reported likelihood of future change in sexual identity labels. Sexual fluidity was found to be associated with sexual identity labels representing non-exclusive sexual attractions for both men and women. Findings provide preliminary support for the presence of facilitative environments within a largely conservative and restrictive sociocultural and political landscape.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. What About the Sexual Orientation of the Offspring of Lesbian and Gay Parents? A Multidimensional, Time and Gender-Based Answer.
- Author
-
González M and López-Gaviño F
- Subjects
- Young Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, Heterosexuality, Parents, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Homosexuality, Female
- Abstract
This study examined the sexual orientation of 30 young adult children of lesbian and gay parents, analyzing three dimensions (sexual behavior, sexual attraction and sexual self-identification), their evolution over time and the possible influence of gender (19 women and 11 men). Sexual orientation was measured using KSOG. The results revealed that most participants defined themselves as heterosexual only, although percentages varied between 87% for sexual behavior to 67% for sexual attraction and 60% for sexual self-identification. Gender differences were found for sexual attraction and self-identification, with men having a polarized profile (responses at both ends of the scale) and women reporting a less exclusive and more fluid sexuality. These findings are discussed in light of the complex nature of sexual orientation, the freedom of these young adults for defining their sexual orientation, and the role played by gender and family experiences.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Social-Historical Accounts of Hope and Resilience: Experiences of Prominent Sexual Orientation Minority Elders
- Author
-
Jason M. Harley, Chayse Haldane, and Nigel Mantou Lou
- Subjects
Male ,Social Psychology ,Sexual Behavior ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sense of community ,Identity (social science) ,Transgender Persons ,Education ,Gender Studies ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Transgender ,Humans ,General Psychology ,Aged ,Social influence ,media_common ,Gender Identity ,Homosexuality, Female ,General Medicine ,Sexual orientation ,Queer ,Female ,Psychological resilience ,Lesbian ,Psychology ,Social psychology - Abstract
Despite the challenges faced by sexual orientation minority (SOM) individuals, many SOM individuals are able to persist and develop resiliency over the course of their lives. The present study explored how prominent SOM elders perceived the LGBTQ+ community as developing hope and resiliency in relation to major events of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ+) rights development. Using a basic qualitative approach, we analyzed interview data and three categories emerged. More specifically, these categories were: (1) internalization of societal views; (2) fostering safety and acceptance by creating a sense of community; and (3) sources of inspiration for initiating change. The resulting categories show the complex interaction of social influences and resiliency during times of societal reformation. We discuss the implications of how group-based emotions and identity processes during times of societal reformation foster a life-long resilience.
- Published
- 2021
34. North American Undergraduate Students' Sexual Orientation Beliefs: Exploring Differences across Diverse Sexual and Gender Identities.
- Author
-
Sinno J, Doria N, Joy P, McNichols N, and Numer M
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, United States, Sexual Behavior, Students, North America, Gender Identity, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
Societal beliefs about various aspects of sexual orientation have been shown to influence whether people have discriminatory or supportive attitudes toward diverse sexual orientations. The overall aim of this study is to measure the beliefs about sexual orientation among a diverse sample of university students from two institutions in Canada and the United States of America. Specifically, we explored how beliefs varied among individuals with differing sexual orientations and gender identities, while controlling for cultural differences. A total of 475 participants completed an online survey comprising of the Sexual Orientations Beliefs Scale (SOBS). ANCOVAs revealed that sexual orientation was a significant factor for all four subscales of the SOBS (naturalness, homogeneity, informativeness, and discreteness). Sexual orientation was the most significant predictor of endorsing different sexual orientation beliefs. We found a significant interaction between gender and sexual orientation, revealing that perceptions of sexual orientation differ between straight-identified men and straight women.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Too Manly and Too Straight? Perceived Sexual Orientation of Black and White Men and Women.
- Author
-
Benson GP and Volpe VV
- Subjects
- Female, Male, Humans, Sexual Behavior, Masculinity, Femininity, White People, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
Using data from an online survey assessing perceptions of 12 target
1 photos of Black and White males2 and females, the current study examined a moderated mediation model of sexual orientation perceptions ( N = 310). Results indicated that perceived masculinity/femininity was not a mediator in the association between target gender and perceived sexual orientation. Black male targets were perceived to be more heterosexual than White male targets, Black female targets were perceived as less heterosexual than White female targets, and Black targets were perceived as more masculine than White targets. These findings may indicate rigid gender- and sexuality-related expectations for Black men. Black women who are perceived as gay may be more at risk of related interpersonal harm than White women. Black sexual minority individuals may face challenges in navigating identity concealment or disclosure. Future research should explore the potential antecedents and consequences of perceptions of Black individuals' sexual orientation.- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Leaving a Mark and Passing the Torch: Intended Legacies of Older Lesbian and Gay Spanish Activists.
- Author
-
Casado T, Tavares J, Guerra S, and Sousa L
- Subjects
- Male, Adult, Female, Humans, Aged, Middle Aged, Aging, Spain, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Homosexuality, Female
- Abstract
Aging paradigms should entail all individuals. More research on older LGBT+ adults is needed since the literature has been mainly built on heteronormative and cisgender standards. The creation and shaping of the kind of legacy an individual would like to leave behind when he/she dies is key in aging well. This study explores the intended legacies of older lesbian and gay adults (50+ years old) who were activists in social movements in Spain. Eighteen participants (12 gay men) participated in a semi-structured interview on their intended legacies. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interviews. The main findings showed that all participants reported intended legacies: i) personal, to transmit their lived knowledge and to be remembered as good and committed persons; ii) broader, to contribute to LGBT+ rights, and to a better society; iii) composite, the desire that younger generations recognize their contributions, and to know they helped to protect new generations. The participants in this study lived a life of intense involvement in social movements, and currently their intended legacies involve leaving a mark and passing the torch to younger generations. This understanding will help us to develop adequate practices that promote well-being in older LGBT+ adults.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The Decriminilisation of Homosexuality in Botswana.
- Author
-
Dinokopila BR
- Subjects
- Humans, Botswana, Homosexuality, Emotions, Social Perception, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
This article discusses the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Botswana. It discusses the various cases that addressed issues relating to LGBTIQ+ in Botswana to highlight the incremental approach toward decriminalisation of homosexuality laws. The article also highlights the role and the contribution of civil society to the decriminalization of homosexuality in Botswana. It does so by providing an overview of queer activism in Botswana and highlights the various queer actors in the country. The article notes that the Botswana Court of Appeal has emphatically settled the debate concerning the constitutional protection of members of the LGBTIQ+. This article points out that the successes recorded in Botswana by civil society as regards the decriminalisation of homosexuality are attributable to several factors. These factors include the consolidated efforts of civil society in the country, the advocacy that accompanied the decriminalisation of homosexuality litigation and the use of various public interest litigation strategies. Combined, these factors paint a clear picture of the nature of queer lawfare in Botswana. Overall, the article highlights that while some sections of the society in Botswana are still reluctant to recognize members of the LGBTIQ+ community as right bearers, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that there has been a great shift toward inclusivity.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Internalized Sexual Orientation Stigma and Mental Health in a Religiously Diverse Sample of Gay and Bisexual Men in Lebanon.
- Author
-
Maatouk I and Jaspal R
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Mental Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Lebanon, Sexual Behavior, Bisexuality psychology, Heterosexuality psychology, Social Stigma, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
This study explores the correlates of internalized sexual orientation stigma, psychological distress and depression in a religiously diverse sample of gay and bisexual men in Lebanon. A convenience sample of 200 participants completed a cross-sectional survey. Bisexual men reported greater internalized sexual orientation stigma and less outness to their family and were more likely to face family pressure to have a heterosexual marriage than gay men. People of no religion reported more outness than Muslims and Christians but also higher psychological distress and depression. Multiple regression analyses showed that religiosity, outness, family pressure to marry and being bisexual were positively associated with internalized sexual orientation stigma; and that frequency of attending one's place of worship was negatively associated with psychological distress and depression. Individuals may be coping with adversity through engagement with institutionalized religion, which also appears to be a source of negative social representations concerning their sexuality.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Social Categorization of Sexual Orientation via Verbal Cues: Evidence From a 'Who Said What?' Study
- Author
-
Sezer Rengiiyiler and Mert Teközel
- Subjects
Race ,Social Psychology ,Men ,General Medicine ,verbal cues ,Social cognition ,person perception ,Education ,Gender Studies ,social categorization ,Gaydar ,memory confusion paradigm ,sexual orientation ,Memory ,Attitudes ,General Psychology ,who said what? ,Accuracy - Abstract
Even though an abundant amount of research has demonstrated the ability to identify others' sexual orientation via minimal nonverbal cues, few studies, if any, have investigated the role of verbal information sources on the social cognition of sexual orientation. Herein, we aimed to explore whether verbal cues (gendered names) are adequate for triggering social categorization processes. Additionally, whether participant gender, target gender, and attributions toward homosexual targets differentiate sexual orientation-based categorization was examined. Our data showed that (1) participants categorized targets based on sexual orientation via semantic information, (2) female participants' categorization tendencies were marginally stronger than the males', and (3) negative attributions toward homosexual targets did not influence the categorization levels. Accordingly, the results contribute to the existing literature indicating the automatic detection of sexual orientation and clarify that perceivers not only use numerous nonverbal sources to extract categorical information about sexual orientation but also verbal cues.
- Published
- 2022
40. Interfaith Experiences and Their Relationship with Heterosexual Collegians’ Attitudes Toward Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People
- Author
-
Alyssa N. Rockenbach, Laura S. Dahl, Matthew J. Mayhew, and Rebecca E. Crandall
- Subjects
Universities ,Social Psychology ,Sexual Behavior ,Gender studies ,General Medicine ,Education ,Gender Studies ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Spirituality ,Sexual orientation ,Harassment ,Bisexuality ,Humans ,Female ,Lesbian ,Heterosexuality ,Psychology ,General Psychology - Abstract
For queer-spectrum students, college and university campuses are often sites of marginalization, discrimination, and/or harassment. Though such experiences are not singularly attributable to worldview, research highlights the role that religious identity plays in shaping individuals' perspectives on lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people. Absent from current scholarship, however, is insight into the ways in which interfaith experiences may influence those attitudes. As such, this study uses data from the Interfaith Diversity Experiences and Attitudes Longitudinal Survey (IDEALS) to explore how formal and informal campus interfaith experiences and provocative encounters with worldview diversity relate to heterosexual students' appreciative attitudes toward LGB people. In addition to reinforcing the importance of friendships with individuals of different sexual orientations, our findings underscore the roles that campus space for support and spiritual expression, provocative encounters with worldview diversity, and interfaith behaviors play in fostering heterosexual students' appreciative attitudes toward LGB people.
- Published
- 2021
41. Representation Matters: Progressing Research in Plurisexuality and Bisexuality in Sport
- Author
-
Daniel Burdsey, Rebecca House, and Nigel Jarvis
- Subjects
Social Psychology ,Sexual Behavior ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Umbrella term ,050109 social psychology ,Representation (arts) ,Education ,Gender Studies ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,03 medical and health sciences ,Research based ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Sociology ,Homosexuality ,General Psychology ,media_common ,Sexual identity ,030505 public health ,biology ,Athletes ,05 social sciences ,Gender Identity ,Gender studies ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Sexual orientation ,Bisexuality ,0305 other medical science - Abstract
Plurisexual is an umbrella term which refers to individuals who are, or who have the potential to be, attracted to more than one gender. Identities including bisexual, pansexual and fluid therefore fall under the category plurisexual. Academic research surrounding plurisexuality and sport has received limited academic attention in comparison to research based on homosexuality and sport. Existing academic research in relation to plurisexuality and sport concentrates predominantly on bisexuality, although this is also limited. For this reason, bisexuality takes a central focus within this article. The analysis highlights the complexities when defining the term bisexual. It then examines the impact of athletes and bisexuality in the media. A critical analysis of research based on the experiences and understandings of bisexuality and sport is then undertaken. Suggestions for future research are also given to increase academic knowledge in this currently marginalized area of sport.
- Published
- 2021
42. LGB´s Arts Affinity: An Empirical Study of Theater Audiences Based on Motivations
- Author
-
Manuel Cuadrado-García and Juan D. Montoro-Pons
- Subjects
Male ,Social Psychology ,Sexual Behavior ,050109 social psychology ,The arts ,Education ,Gender Studies ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,03 medical and health sciences ,Empirical research ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Sociology ,General Psychology ,Consumer behaviour ,Motivation ,030505 public health ,05 social sciences ,General Medicine ,Sexual orientation ,Bisexuality ,Female ,Performing arts ,0305 other medical science ,Social psychology - Abstract
The extended belief of gay people being more creative and showing higher interest toward arts lacks robust empirical support. The pioneer study on this issue highlighted that LGB´s arts participation was mostly explained by demographic factors such as level of studies, residence and family situation, which suggests that differences due to sexual orientation tend to fade. In this paper, we put forward the hypothesis that sexual orientation influences motivations to participate, which emphasizes their role and heterogeneity. To do so, we conducted a survey on participants at an alternative performing arts festival collecting information on socio-demographics, including sexual orientation, motivations and other variables. Results show that being LGB increases the likelihood of attendance for emotional, social or political motives, and emphasize the heterogeneity that sexual orientation plays on cultural audiences. Particularly, we find evidence of gender differences in attendance goals within LGB performing arts consumers, supporting gender nonconformity.
- Published
- 2021
43. Measuring Bullying in Sexual Minorities: Testing Two Bullying Scales in an LGB Sample
- Author
-
Nancy E. Day, Patricia Meglich, and Tracy H. Porter
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Workplace bullying ,Social Psychology ,Sexual Behavior ,Population ,Organizational commitment ,Education ,Gender Studies ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Criterion validity ,Humans ,education ,General Psychology ,education.field_of_study ,Bullying ,General Medicine ,Sexual minority ,Convergent validity ,Scale (social sciences) ,Sexual orientation ,Bisexuality ,Female ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The working experience for those in the sexual minority is not well understood, particularly with respect to interpersonal mistreatment based on sexual orientation. This study breaks new ground by utilizing a sample of 416 LGB working adults to assess the relative usefulness of two bullying measures (the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (Person-Related) and the Homophobic Bullying Scale) to determine their convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity in predicting organizational commitment, turnover, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results show that discriminant and convergent validity exist between these scales and both measure similar levels of perceived bullying (from the victim's perspective). We concluded that although there are similarities and differences between these measures, more research is needed to determine the most appropriate instrument to assess perceived bullying in a sexual minority population. Several areas for subsequent research are noted.
- Published
- 2021
44. Adaptation and Validation of the Evasive Attitudes of Sexual Orientation Scale into Spanish
- Author
-
Dau García-Dauder, Miguel Ángel López-Sáez, Ignacio Montero, and Oscar Lecuona
- Subjects
Male ,Social Psychology ,Scale (ratio) ,Sexual Behavior ,050109 social psychology ,Education ,Gender Studies ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Adaptation (computer science) ,General Psychology ,Instrumental study ,030505 public health ,05 social sciences ,Homosexuality, Female ,General Medicine ,Attitude ,Sexual orientation ,Bisexuality ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Heteronormativity ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
This article presents an instrumental study to validate the adaptation of the Evasive Attitudes of Sexual Orientation Scale (EASOS) to Spanish. This instrument has been shown to be useful in detecting the potential lack of awareness about the situation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) people among psychology professionals and its possible relationship to contemporary homonegative attitudes. The 596 heterosexual psychology students who participated were given an adaptation into Spanish (back translation). A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to study the fit to the factorial structure of the original scale (aversive heterosexism, institutional heterosexism, and heterosexual privilege). The internal consistency of the subscales was adequate (.70-.83). The convergent validity showed positive correlations and significant predictive levels between the EASOS and various attitudinal scales and sociodemographic variables. The findings offer evidence that the EASOS is an adequate instrument to evaluate LGBQ-negativity, particularly in the field of psychosocial intervention.
- Published
- 2021
45. Advance Care Planning among Older Gay Men Living with HIV in Montreal, Canada: Challenges to Thinking and Talking about Future Care
- Author
-
Tamara Sussman, Gloria Gutman, Denis Dube, Brian de Vries, and Shari Brotman
- Subjects
Advance care planning ,Gerontology ,Palliative care ,Social Psychology ,Psychological intervention ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Focus group ,Education ,Gender Studies ,medicine ,Sexual orientation ,Social isolation ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,General Psychology ,Qualitative research - Abstract
This qualitative study employed a cross sectional focus group design to explore how older gay men living with HIV, experience, perceive, and engage with advance care planning (ACP). Seven gay men 50+, residing in Montreal, Canada, participated in a focus group that was audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Findings suggested that social isolation, preoccupations with day-to-day living, and managing disclosures related to sexual orientation and HIV status created barriers to these men's capacities to think about let alone talk about future care. These findings challenge current conceptualizations of ACP, which position reflection as an individual process that precedes allocating a decision-maker and communicating care preferences. Analyses further revealed that relational connections helped create a space where ACP could occur for participants. Hence, improving the uptake of ACP amongst older gay men with HIV may require interventions that embed such discussions into broader programs aimed at building support and community.
- Published
- 2021
46. L or G or B or T: Matching Sexual and Gender Minorities with Subpopulation-Specific Interventions
- Author
-
Andrew Young Choi, Yen-Jui Lin, Krishna G. Kary, Em Matsuno, Tania Israel, and Joshua A. Goodman
- Subjects
Matching (statistics) ,education.field_of_study ,030505 public health ,Social Psychology ,Inclusion (disability rights) ,05 social sciences ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,Stigma (botany) ,050109 social psychology ,General Medicine ,Education ,Gender Studies ,Sexual minority ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sexual orientation ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Lesbian ,0305 other medical science ,education ,Psychology ,General Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) may benefit from psychological interventions tailored to specific subpopulations (e.g., lesbians, gay men, bisexual people, transgender people) given differing experiences with stigma. However, determining the inclusion/exclusion process for subpopulation-specific interventions is challenging and recommendations for this process are scarce. We developed and evaluated a matching procedure to place 1183 SGM participants into four targeted online interventions designed to reduce internalized stigma for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people. We evaluated participant attrition, efficacy, satisfaction with placement, and qualitative feedback across the four interventions. Results indicated that our matching procedure was time-efficient and largely successful in terms of low attrition, high satisfaction, and reaching segments of the SGM population not usually captured with the LGBT acronym. Based on these findings, we offer six practical guidelines for devising the inclusion/exclusion process or matching procedure for future subpopulation-specific SGM interventions studies.
- Published
- 2020
47. "Does Sexual Orientation Matter?": A Comparative Analysis of the Prevalence and Determinants of Depression and Anxiety Among Heterosexual and Non-Heterosexual College Students in a University in Metro Manila.
- Author
-
Alibudbud RC
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Universities, Prevalence, Philippines, Sexual Behavior psychology, Anxiety epidemiology, Students psychology, Depression epidemiology, Depression psychology, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
It is mostly assumed that the determinants of mental health among heterosexual students also apply to non-heterosexual students despite the additional stressors non-heterosexual students face. Thus, this study examined the prevalence and determinants of depression and anxiety among students based on sexual orientation. In doing so, two hundred and thirty-two (232) college students were randomly recruited. Likewise, this study utilized self-administered questionnaires, including the DASS-21. Afterward, descriptive statistics, Chi-Square, and logistic regression were used to analyze the results. This study found that non-heterosexual students had a significantly higher depression rate. Strikingly, being in a romantic relationship was a determinant of anxiety and depression among non-heterosexual students while it was protective among heterosexual students. Thus, sexual orientation mattered, wherein the determinants of depression and anxiety among college students varied based on sexual orientation.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Who Has a Better Auditory Gaydar? Sexual Orientation Categorization by Heterosexual and Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People.
- Author
-
Fasoli F, Maass A, and Berghella L
- Subjects
- Female, Male, Humans, Heterosexuality, Sexual Behavior, Bisexuality, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Homosexuality, Female
- Abstract
Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people are supposed to be better at gaydar than heterosexual. Across two studies we examined auditory gaydar performed by LGB and heterosexual listeners. In Study 1 participants ( n = 127) listened to male and female speakers ( n = 10) and judged their sexual orientation on a binary choice (gay/lesbian vs. heterosexual). In Study 2, participants ( n = 192) judged speakers' ( n = 31) sexual orientation on a Kinsey-like scale (1 = exclusively heterosexual, 7 = exclusively gay/lesbian). Results showed gaydar judgments differences in relative terms that did not indicate an overall gaydar accuracy. Moreover, LGB participants were not better at gaydar than heterosexual participants but rather showed a shift in criterion when making auditory gaydar judgments, namely they report a weaker straight categorization bias. Overall, these findings contribute to the understanding of sexual orientation categorization among heterosexual majority and LGB minority groups.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Sexual Orientation and Teacher Identity: Professionalism and LGBTQ Politics in Teacher Preparation and Practice
- Author
-
Kevin Moore
- Subjects
030505 public health ,Social Psychology ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,Gender studies ,General Medicine ,Education ,Gender Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Politics ,Teacher preparation ,Intersection ,Teacher identity ,Sexual orientation ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Sociology ,0305 other medical science ,General Psychology - Abstract
“Nowhere is the challenge of being a teacher in today’s schools more difficult than at the intersection of sexual orientation and teacher identity … ” (p. 1)Patrick Jenlink prioritizes the fundamen...
- Published
- 2021
50. Sexual Orientation Complexity and Psychosocial/Health Outcomes
- Author
-
G. Tyler Lefevor, So Yeon Park, Maximo J. Acevedo, and Payton J. Jones
- Subjects
Male ,Social Psychology ,Sexual Behavior ,050109 social psychology ,Health outcomes ,Education ,Developmental psychology ,Gender Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,General Psychology ,Sexual identity ,030505 public health ,Sexual attraction ,05 social sciences ,Gender Identity ,General Medicine ,United States ,Sexual behavior ,Sexual orientation ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Psychosocial - Abstract
Individuals whose sexual attraction or behavior varies from others' expectations based on their sexual identity were initially described as exhibiting sexual orientation discordance. This conceptualization has been challenged as inaccurate and value-laden, and "branchedness" has been suggested as a value-neutral description. Using a United States national sample of 4,530 participants from the 2013-2014 Center for Collegiate Mental Health database, we challenge the empirical distinctness of the phenomenon of sexual orientation discordance by 1) replicating previous work that indicates that branched individuals evidence unique psychosocial and health outcomes relative to non-branched individuals and 2) using stepwise regression to demonstrate that these differences in outcomes can be accounted for by variation in sexual attraction, behavior, and identity and that "discordance" between indicators failed to explain additional variation in outcomes. We encourage researchers to adopt non-normative language and conceptualizations in their study of sexual orientation complexity and branchedness.
- Published
- 2020
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