11 results
Search Results
2. Using Punctuated Equilibrium to Understand Patterns of Institutional Budget Change in Higher Education.
- Author
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Ecton, Walter G. and Dziesinski, Amberly B.
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HIGHER education , *EDUCATIONAL change , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *EQUILIBRIUM , *STATE universities & colleges - Abstract
In this paper, we employ Punctuated Equilibrium Theory to consider institutions' shifting goals, priorities, and constraints, and to explore the nature of change at colleges and universities in the United States. By exploiting annual changes in institutional budget decisions over a 29-year period, we seek to understand the extent to which institutions exhibit patterns of punctuated equilibrium, which are characterized by long periods of relative equilibrium (stasis) and of occasional extreme changes (punctuations). Broadly, we find that institutions of higher education allocate funds in a pattern characteristic of Punctuated Equilibrium, and that certain types of institutions are more likely than others to exhibit this pattern. Taken in whole, this paper calls into question a prevailing perspective on change in higher education — that change is slow-moving, moderate, and incremental. Instead, we posit that a framework of Punctuated Equilibrium may better describe how researchers and practitioners should consider institutional change within higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Breaking Stereotypes About Alumni Donors: Who Gives First? A Discrete-Time Hazard Model.
- Author
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McNamee, Chase D. and Drezner, Noah D.
- Subjects
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UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *ALUMNI contributions , *ALUMNAE & alumni , *STEREOTYPES - Abstract
Institutions of higher education are relying on philanthropy and fundraising at a greater level than ever before seen. This increased focus has led scholars to investigate various predictors regarding which alumni are likely to give and which are likely to give the most. To date, however, scholars have not yet examined the role of timing and when alumni give their first gift to their alma mater. Using discrete-time hazard modeling (DTHM), this paper seeks to re-center the current conversation surrounding educational philanthropy by exploring not simply who gives the most, but rather who gives and when. Using data of alumni from a predominantly White, private-research university in the United States (n = 3,404), we find that those alumni who were in cultural clubs, as well as Black and multi-racial alumni, are more likely to give their first gift at an earlier date than other alumni. Additionally, alumni that participated in fewer student activities while at school appear more likely to give their first gift sooner, while gender, income, and alumni activity participation show no significance in the model. This study upends some commonly held stereotypes of who are donors to higher education. We share implications for practice and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Cultural Capital and Opportunities for Exceptionalism: Bias in University Admissions.
- Author
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Jayakumar, Uma Mazyck and Page, Scott E.
- Subjects
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CULTURAL capital , *UNIVERSITY & college admission , *SCHOOL sports , *EDUCATIONAL literature , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
This study illuminates how common holistic admissions practices at so-called "elite" colleges and universities favor high-SES, high wealth applicants through the ways they define and consider "exceptional" performance in extracurricular activities. While many studies have established advantages to high-income applicants based on school resources, standardized testing, and myriad other factors, few have examined the consideration of exceptional performance in extracurriculars. Drawing on higher education literature and Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital, and utilizing high school and college athletics data, the authors introduce and corroborate a mathematical model that illuminates the accumulated advantages to wealthy students on three fronts: opportunity, specialization (i.e., breadth of options available), and support. While this paper focuses on elite athletics as one example of exceptional performance, it also explores the usefulness of the model for understanding how "race-neutral" admissions systematically advantage high-income—and white—students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Navigating Challenges to Facilitate Success for College Students with Autism.
- Author
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Cox, Bradley E., Edelstein, Jeffrey, Brogdon, Bailey, and Roy, Amanda
- Subjects
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COLLEGE students , *AUTISM spectrum disorders , *AUTISM , *ACADEMIC achievement , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
Roughly 1 in 59 children in the United States is diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a rate that has more than doubled during the last 10 years. As students with autism increasingly pursue higher education, college educators must understand these students' experiences and actively address issues that affect their college outcomes. This paper draws from interviews with autistic students who have had widely varying experiences and outcomes in higher education. Using an iterative analytic strategy that combined elements of grounded theory, multiple case study, and constant comparative approaches, researchers developed a series of propositions that were subsequently deconstructed and reconstituted as a conceptual model. The resultant conceptual model not only provides a descriptive portrait of how these students experienced interactions with their postsecondary institutions but also outlines specific ways in which tensions between the student and institution manifest as acute problems that students were often able to recognize, sometimes able to reframe, and occasionally able to resolve. The "3R" model can be used to help students and their institutions anticipate, address, and overcome challenges in ways that improve college experiences and outcomes for students on the autism spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Legitimating Prestige through Diversity: How Higher Education Institutions Represent Ethno-Racial Diversity across Levels of Selectivity.
- Author
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Holland, Megan M. and Ford, Karly Sarita
- Subjects
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UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *SOCIOEMOTIONAL selectivity theory , *PRESTIGE , *HIGHER education , *MINORITY students , *MARKETING education - Abstract
Elite higher education institutions work hard to secure diverse classes, and students seek out these institutions in part because they believe that diversity will enhance their own educational experiences. Institutional theories would predict that practices set by the elite institutions in the field would isomorphically trickle down, however, case studies of individual institutions indicate that higher education structures and cultures vary significantly across the spectrum of selectivity. Do all higher education institutions market their ethno-racial diversity to prospective students in the same ways as elite institutions? Are higher education institutions trying to send similar messages about their ethno-racial diversity or does this vary by selectivity level? This paper provides an examination of higher education at the organizational field level in order to answer questions that have previously been at the institutional level. Through analyzing the admissions webpages at 278 universities across the United States, we find that more selective institutions are more likely to represent their diversity, and more likely to engage in practices that emphasize their traditionally under-represented minority student populations than less selective institutions, though it is the less selective institutions that have higher populations of these students. We argue that variations in institutional habitus across selectivity help to explain these differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Affiliated Nonprofit Organizations: Strategic Action and Research Universities.
- Author
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Taylor, Barrett J., Barringer, Sondra N., and Warshaw, Jarrett B.
- Subjects
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RESEARCH universities & colleges , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *PUBLIC universities & colleges , *NONPROFIT organizations , *NONPROFIT sector - Abstract
This paper examines the growing number of affiliations between research universities and the “affiliated nonprofit organizations” (ANPOs) that exist to support them. We posit that universities’ increasing ties to ANPOs represent strategic responses to unfavorable environmental conditions. In other words, it is likely that the practice of affiliating with many ANPOs reflects an institution’s position within the field of research universities. Panel regression results indicate that the practice of affiliating with large numbers of ANPOs is associated with particular indicators of field position (e.g., tuition revenues for public universities and research spending for private universities). These results indicate that universities that were relative incumbents were more likely to affiliate with ANPOs than were either low-status or the highest-status institutions. The paper concludes with implications for research on institutional stratification, university management, and the nature and role of ANPOs in US universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. News Media Representations of International and Refugee Postsecondary Students.
- Author
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Anderson, Tim
- Subjects
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PRESS , *HIGHER education research , *FOREIGN students , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Postsecondary institutions in the global north have rapidly internationalized, driven mainly by the proliferation of international students and responses to these changing demographics. This internationalization has captured attention across various platforms, including increased media focus directed toward these students and the primary and ancillary influences of their participation in PSIs and surrounding communities. The project explored in this paper examines this phenomenon by connecting internationalization of higher education research with insights from critical media studies and framing theory to investigate news media representations of international and refugee students' participation in Canadian universities and colleges. A critical thematic analysis was performed on 391 news media texts published between 2000 and 2017. Findings reveal the Canadian news media's tendency to construct issues related to international students and internationalization into one or a combination of four broad macrothemes: (1) Canada as benevolent and ideal; (2) international students and internationalization as commodified assets; (3) international students and internationalization as threats; and (4) the strategic neutrality of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Everyday Ethics in Research: Translating Authorship Guidelines into Practice in the Bench Sciences.
- Author
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Louis, Karen Seashore, Holdsworth, Janet M., Anderson, Melissa S., and Campbell, Eric G.
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RESEARCH ethics , *PROFESSIONAL ethics , *AUTHORSHIP , *RESEARCH methodology , *ACADEMIC-industrial collaboration , *STANDARD operating procedure , *SCIENCE publishing , *SCIENCE & ethics , *FRAUD in science , *SCHOLARLY method , *EMPIRICAL research , *SOCIAL science research , *ETHICS , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
The article focuses on an increase in the number of authors which university and college research papers have seen since 2000 and on the impact it has had on ethical dilemmas faced by university scientists. A discussion of the impact the increasing complexity of science is having on the conventional authorship assignment on published papers and on the methods scientists are using, including professional guidelines and situation specific interpretations, to address dilemmas they face when assigning credit on publications is presented.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Which Way Out? A Typology of Non-Heterosexual Male Collegiate Identities.
- Author
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Dilley, Patrick
- Subjects
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EDUCATION of gay people , *HIGHER education , *GENDER identity , *COLLEGE students' conduct of life , *STUDENTS' sexual behavior , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
Presents a paper on the homosexual student population in higher education. Belief that most studies on the topic have been unable to deal with the students outside the traditional model of gay or straight; Binary nature of how sexual identity has been conceptualized; Need for inclusion of more diverse models; Methods, procedures and analysis of the study; Definition of 6 identities within the homosexual community in colleges; Distinguishing between the types; Possibility of many more classifications.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Symbolic Politics and Institutional Boundaries in Curriculum Reform: The Case of National Sectarian University.
- Author
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Arnold, Gordon B.
- Subjects
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EDUCATIONAL change , *CURRICULUM , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *INSTRUCTIONAL systems , *EDUCATIONAL planning - Abstract
Presents a paper that explores how institutionalized organizational elements and politics can shape the scope and limits of programmatic change, while increasing the importance of these reform efforts as symbolic action. Examination of a reform process at one university, National Sectarian University, to explore organizational and institutional dimensions in general education reform; Description of three major components of the reform process; Need for advocates of reform to be mindful of the underlying matrix of values and organizational constraints within their settings; Conclusion that the symbolic act of renewing or establishing connection between meaning and a general education curriculum is itself an important result in a reform effort.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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