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Real time holography is studied in the context of the embedding space formalism. In the first part of this paper, we present matching conditions for on-shell integer spin fields when going from Euclidean to Lorentzian signature on AdS background. Using the BTZ black hole as an example, we discuss various ways of lifting the physical solution from the AdS surface to the whole embedding space. The BTZ propagator for higher spin field is expressed elegantly in terms of the embedding coordinates. In the second part of the paper, we develop the proposed duality between higher spin theory and vector models. We obtain a specific map between the field configurations of these two theories in real time, so called Lorentzian AdS/CFT map. We conclude by exploring the matching conditions for higher spin fields satisfying the proposed bulk quadratic action. The physical and ghost modes can be treated independently during the Wick rotation; only physical modes are considered to be external modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1984, 't Hooft famously used a brickwall (aka stretched horizon) to compute black hole entropy up to a numerical pre-factor. This calculation is sometimes interpreted as due to the entanglement of the modes across the horizon, but more operationally, it is simply an indirect count of the semi-classical modes trapped between the stretched horizon and the angular momentum barrier. Because the calculation was indirect, it needed both the mass and the temperature of the black hole as inputs, to reproduce the area. A more conventional statistical mechanics calculation should be able to get the entropy, once the ensemble is specified (say via the energy, in a microcanonical setting). In this paper, we explicitly compute black hole normal modes in various examples, numerically as well as (in various regimes) analytically. The explicit knowledge of normal modes allows us to reproduce both the Hawking temperature as well as the entropy, once the charges are specified, making this a conventional statistical mechanics calculation. A quasi-degeneracy in the angular quantum numbers is directly responsible for the area scaling of the entropy, and is the key distinction between the Planckian black body calculation (volume scaling) and the 't Hooftian calculation (area scaling). We discuss the (rotating) BTZ case in detail and match the thermodynamic quantities exactly. Schwarzschild and Kerr normal modes are discussed in less detail using near-horizon approximations. Our calculations reveal a new hierarchy in the angular quantum numbers, which we speculate is related to string theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Left Right Symmetric Model (LRSM) being an extension of the Standard model of particle physics incorporates within itself Type-I and Type-II seesaw mass terms naturally. Both the mass terms can have significant amount of contribution to the resulting light neutrino mass within the model and hence on the different phenomenology associated within. In this paper, we have thoroughly analyzed and discussed the implications of specifying different weightages to both the mass terms and also the study has been carried out for different values of which is mass of the right-handed gauge boson. This paper also gives a deeper insight into the new physics contributions of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0νββ) and their variations with the net baryon asymmetry arising out of the model. Therefore, the main objective of the present paper rests on investigating the implications of imposing different weightage to the type-I and type-II seesaw terms and different values of on the new physics contributions of 0νββ and net baryon asymmetry arising out as a result of resonant leptogenesis. LRSM in this work has been realized using modular group of level 3, Γ(3) which is isomorphic to non-abelian discrete symmetry group A4, the advantage being the non-requirement of flavons within the model and hence maintaining the minimality of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently proposed duality relates the critical level limit of WZW models to a classical three-dimensional Einstein gravity on a sphere. In this paper, we propose a dimensional reduced version of this duality. The gravity side is reduced to a Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity on S2 with a non-standard boundary term, or a BF theory with SU(2) gauge symmetry. At least in low temperature limit, these two-dimensional gravity theories completely capture the original three-dimensional gravity effect. The CFT side is reduced to a certain complex Liouville quantum mechanics (LQM) with SU(2) gauge symmetry. Our proposal gives an interesting example of a holography without boundary. We also discuss a higher-spin generalization with SU(N) gauge symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent observations on type III algebras in AdS/CFT raise the possibility that smoothness of the black hole horizon is an emergent feature of the large-N limit. In this paper, we present a bulk model for the finite-N mechanism underlying this transition. We quantize a free scalar field on a BTZ black hole with a Planckian stretched horizon placed as a Dirichlet boundary for the field. This is a tractable model for the stretched horizon that does not ignore the angular directions, and it defines a black hole vacuum which has similarities to (but is distinct from) the Boulware state. Using analytic approximations for the normal modes, we first improve upon 't Hooft's brick wall calculation: we are able to match both the entropy and the temperature, exactly. Emboldened by this, we compute the boundary Wightman function of the scalar field in a typical pure state built on our stretched horizon vacuum, at an energy sliver at the mass of the black hole. A key result is that despite the manifest lack of smoothness, this single-sided pure state calculation yields precisely the Hartle-Hawking thermal correlator associated to the smooth horizon, in the small-GN limit. At finite GN, there are variance corrections that are suppressed as O e − S BH / 2 . They become important at late times and resolve Maldacena's information paradox. Highly excited typical pure states on the stretched horizon vacuum are therefore models for black hole microstates, while the smooth horizon describes the thermal state. We note that heavy excited states on the stretched horizon are better defined than the vacuum itself. These results suggest that complementarity in the bulk EFT could arise from a UV complete bulk description in which the black hole interior is not manifest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we delve into the gravitational path integral of Gauss-Bonnet gravity in four spacetime dimensions, in the mini-superspace approximation. Our primary focus lies in investigating the transition amplitude between distinct boundary configurations. Of particular interest is the case of Robin boundary conditions, known to lead to a stable Universe in Einstein-Hilbert gravity, alongside Neumann boundary conditions. To ensure a consistent variational problem, we supplement the bulk action with suitable surface terms. This study leads us to compute the necessary surface terms required for Gauss-Bonnet gravity with the Robin boundary condition, which wasn't known earlier. Thereafter, we perform an exact computation of the transition amplitude. Through ħ → 0 analysis, we discover that the Gauss-Bonnet gravity inherently favors the initial configuration, aligning with the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary proposal. Remarkably, as the Universe expands, it undergoes a transition from the Euclidean (imaginary time) to the Lorentzian signature (real time). To further reinforce our findings, we employ a saddle point analysis utilizing the Picard-Lefschetz methods. The saddle point analysis allows us to find the initial configurations which lead to Hartle-Hawking no-boundary Universe that agrees with the exact computations. Our study concludes that for positive Gauss-Bonnet coupling, initial configurations corresponding to the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary Universe gives dominant contribution in the gravitational path-integral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the loop corrections to celestial OPE for gluons and gravitons. Even at the loop level, the soft gluons and gravitons have conformal dimensions ∆ = 1 − . The only novelty is the presence of higher poles. At one loop level, there are two types of conformal soft gluons with a single pole and a double pole in the ∆ plane. The celestial OPEs are obtained using the collinear splitting functions. In the case of gluons, the splitting functions receive loop corrections. After taking the holomorphic soft limit, we find the OPE of conformal soft gluons. We find a novel mixing of simple and double poles soft gluon operators in the OPE. In the case of gravitons, where splitting functions are known to be all loop exact, we still find a wedge algebra of w∞ which is in addition to the wedge algebra of w1+∞ already found by Strominger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freudenthal duality (FD) is a non-linear symmetry of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of extremal dyonic black holes (BHs) in Maxwell-Einstein-scalar theories in four space-time dimensions realized as an anti-involutive map in the symplectic space of electric-magnetic BH charges. In this paper, we generalize FD to the class of rotating (stationary) extremal BHs, both in the under- and over-rotating regime, defining a (generalized) rotating FD (generally, non-anti-involutive) map (RFD), which also acts on the BH angular momentum. We prove that the RFD map is unique, and we compute the explicit expression of its non-linear action on the angular momentum itself. Interestingly, in the non-rotating limit, RFD bifurcates into the usual, non-rotating FD branch and into a spurious branch, named "golden" branch, mapping a non-rotating (static) extremal BH to an under-rotating (stationary) extremal BH, in which the ratio between the angular momentum and the non-rotating entropy is the square root of the golden ratio. Finally, we investigate the possibility of inducing transitions between the under- and over- rotating regimes by means of RFD, obtaining a no-go result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study asymptotic symmetries and algebraically special exact solutions in the Newman-Penrose formalism. Removing the hypersurface orthogonal condition in the well studied Newman-Unti gauge, we obtain a generic asymptotic solution space which includes all possible origins of propagating degree of freedom. The asymptotic symmetry of the generalized system extends the Weyl-BMS symmetry by two independent local Lorentz transformations with non-trivial boundary charges, which reveals new boundary degrees of freedom. The generalized Newman-Unti gauge includes algebraically special condition in its most convenient form. Remarkably, the generic solutions satisfying the algebraically special condition truncate in the inverse power of radial expansions and the non-radial Newman-Penrose equations are explicitly solved at any order. Hence, we provide the most general algebraically special solution space and the derivation is self-contained in the Newman-Penrose formalism. The asymptotic symmetry with respect to the algebraically special condition is the standard Weyl-BMS symmetry and the symmetry parameters consist only the integration constant order. We present the Kerr solution and Taub-NUT solution in the generalized Newman-Unti gauge in a simple form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cone holography is a codimension-n doubly holographic model, which can be interpreted as the holographic dual of edge modes on defects. The initial model of cone holography is based on mixed boundary conditions. This paper formulates cone holography with Neumann boundary conditions, where the brane-localized gauge fields play an essential role. Firstly, we illustrate the main ideas in an AdS4/CFT1 toy model. We show that the U(1) gauge field on the end-of-the-world brane can make the typical solution consistent with Neumann boundary conditions. Then, we generalize the discussions to general codimension-n cone holography by employing brane-localized p-form gauge fields. We also investigate perturbative solutions and prove the mass spectrum of Kaluza-Klein gravitons is non-negative. Furthermore, we prove that cone holography obeys holographic c-theorem. Finally, inspired by the recently proposed chiral model in AdS/BCFT, we construct another type of cone holography with Neumann boundary conditions by applying massive vector (Proca) fields on the end-of-the-world brane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we set up the numerical S-matrix bootstrap by using the crossing symmetric dispersion relation (CSDR) to write down Roy equations for the partial waves. As a motivation behind examining the local version of the CSDR, we derive a new crossing symmetric, 3-channels-plus-contact-terms representation of the Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude in string theory that converges everywhere except at the poles. We then focus on gapped theories and give novel analytic and semi-analytic derivations of several bounds on low-energy data. We examine the high-energy behaviour of the experimentally measurable rho-parameter, introduced by Khuri and Kinoshita and defined as the ratio of the real to the imaginary part of the amplitude in the forward limit. Contrary to expectations, we find numerical evidence that there could be multiple changes in the sign of this ratio before it asymptotes at high energies. We compare our approach with other existing numerical methods and find agreement, with improvement in convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we compute multiparticle form factors of local operators in 2d ϕ4 theory using a recently proposed method [1] for efficiently implementing the LSZ prescription with Hamiltonian Truncation methods, and we adopt Lightcone Conformal Truncation (LCT) in particular for our calculations. We perform various checks of our results at weak and strong coupling, and elucidate the parametric behavior of truncation errors. This opens up the possibility to compute S-matrix in various strongly coupled models using the LSZ method in LCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracting maximal information from experimental data requires access to the likelihood function, which however is never directly available for complex experiments like those performed at high energy colliders. Theoretical predictions are obtained in this context by Monte Carlo events, which do furnish an accurate but abstract and implicit representation of the likelihood. Strategies based on statistical learning are currently being developed to infer the likelihood function explicitly by training a continuous-output classifier on Monte Carlo events. In this paper, we investigate the usage of Monte Carlo events that incorporate the dependence on the parameters of interest by reweighting. This enables more accurate likelihood learning with less training data and a more robust learning scheme that is more suited for automation and extensive deployment. We illustrate these advantages in the context of LHC precision probes of new Effective Field Theory interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-energy particles traversing the Quark-Gluon plasma experience modified (massive) dispersion, although their vacuum mass is negligible compared to the kinetic energy. Due to poor convergence of the perturbative series in the regime of soft loop momenta, a more precise determination of this effective mass is needed. This paper continues our investigation on the factorisation between strongly-coupled infrared classical and perturbative ultraviolet behavior. The former has been studied non-perturbatively within EQCD by determining a non-local operator on the lattice. By computing the temperature-scale contribution to the same operator in 4D QCD at next-to-leading order (NLO), we remove the ultraviolet divergence of the EQCD calculation with an opposite infrared divergence from the hard thermal scale. The result is a consistent, regulator-independent determination of the classical contribution where the emergence of new divergences signals sensitivities to new regions of phase space. We address the numerical impact of the classical and NLO thermal corrections on the convergence of the factorised approach and on the partial applicability of our results to calculations of transport coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celestial holography is a new way to understand flat-space amplitudes. Self-dual theories, due to their nice properties, are good subjects to study celestial holography. In this paper, we developed a new formula to calculate the celestial color-ordered self-dual Yang-Mills amplitudes based on celestial Berends-Giele currents, which makes the leading OPE limit manifest. In addition, we explore some higher-order terms of OPE in the celestial self-dual Yang-Mills theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convincing explanation of the smallness of neutrino masses is represented by the Type-I Seesaw mechanism, where the two measured neutrino mass differences can be generated by introducing at least two right-handed neutrinos. In an ultraviolet complete model, it is possible to dynamically generate the heavy Majorana scale through the spontaneous symmetry breaking of a global Abelian symmetry and the most economical realisation consists in coupling the two exotic neutral leptons to a singlet complex scalar field. The associated Goldstone boson is often dubbed as Majoron, which may achieve a non-vanishing mass by means of a small term that explicitly breaks the Abelian symmetry. In a generic model, the neutrino and Majoron mass generation mechanisms are completely uncorrelated. In this paper, instead, we reduce the landscape of possible models proposing a unique, minimal and predictive framework in which these two types of masses are strictly tied and arise from the same source. Bounds from various terrestrial and astrophysical experiments are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we investigate how well the nature of heavy neutral leptons can be determined at a future lepton collider, after its potential discovery. Considered in a simplified model are prompt decays of the neutrino in the mass range from 100 GeV to 10 TeV. We study event selection and application of multivariate analyses to determine whether such a newly discovered particle is of the Dirac or Majorana nature. Combining lepton charge and kinematic event variables, we find that the nature of a heavy neutrino, whether it is a Dirac or a Majorana particle, can be determined at 95% C.L. almost in the whole discovery range. We will briefly speculate about other than the studied channels and the robustness of this statement in more general models of heavy neutral leptons, particularly on the complementarity of high-energy electron-positron vs. muon colliders on resolving the flavor structure of heavy neutrinos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological entanglement entropy (TEE), the sub-leading term in the entanglement entropy of topological order, is the direct evidence of the long-range entanglement. While effective in characterizing topological orders on closed manifolds, TEE is model-dependent when entanglement cuts intersect with physical gapped boundaries. In this paper, we study the origin of this model-dependence by introducing a model-independent picture of partitioning the topological orders with gapped boundaries. In our picture, the entanglement boundaries (EBs), i.e. the virtual boundaries of each subsystem induced by the entanglement cuts, are assumed to be gapped boundaries with boundary defects. At this model-independent stage, there are two choices one has to make manually in defining the bi-partition: the boundary condition on the EBs, and the coherence between certain boundary states. We show that TEE appears because of a constraint on the defect configurations on the EBs, which is choice-dependent in the cases where the EBs touch gapped boundaries. This choice-dependence is known as the ambiguity in entanglement entropy. Different models intrinsically employ different choices, rendering TEE model-dependent. For D(ℤ2) topological order, the ambiguity can be fully characterized by two parameters that respectively quantifies the EB condition and the coherence. In particular, calculations compatible with the folding trick naturally choose EB conditions that respect electric-magnetic duality and set specific parameter values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization and spin correlations have been studied in detail for top quarks at the LHC, but have been explored very little for the other flavors of quarks. In this paper we consider the processes pp → with q = b, c or s. Utilizing the partial preservation of the quark's spin information in baryons in the jet produced by the quark, we examine possible analysis strategies for ATLAS and CMS to measure the quark polarization and spin correlations. We find polarization measurements for the b and c quarks to be feasible, even with the currently available datasets. Spin correlation measurements for are possible using the CMS Run 2 parked data, while such measurements for will become possible with higher integrated luminosity. For the s quark, we find the measurements to be challenging with the standard triggers. We also provide leading-order QCD predictions for the polarization and spin correlations expected in the and samples with the cuts envisioned for the above analyses. Apart from establishing experimentally the existence of spin correlations in and systems produced in pp collisions, the proposed measurements can provide new information on the polarization transfer from quarks to baryons and might even be sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field-theoretic wavefunction has received renewed attention with the goal of better understanding observables at the boundary of de Sitter spacetime and studying the interior of Minkowski or general FLRW spacetime. Understanding the analytic structure of the wavefunction potentially allows us to establish bounds on physical observables. In this paper we develop an "amplitude representation" for the flat space wavefunction, which allow us to write the flat space wavefunction as an amplitude-like Feynman integral integrated over an energy-fixing kernel. With this representation it is possible to separate the wavefunction into an amplitude part and a subleading part which is less divergent as the total energy goes to zero. In turn the singularities of the wavefunction can be classified into two sets: amplitude-type singularities, which can be mapped to singularities found in amplitudes (including anomalous thresholds), and wavefunction-type singularities, which are unique to the wavefunction. As an example we study several tree level and one loop diagrams for scalars, and explore their singularities in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expectation value of a smooth conformal line defect in a CFT is a conformal invariant functional of its path in space-time. For example, in large N holographic theories, these fundamental observables are dual to the open-string partition function in AdS. In this paper, we develop a bootstrap method for studying them and apply it to conformal line defects in Chern-Simons matter theories. In these cases, the line bootstrap is based on three minimal assumptions — conformal invariance of the line defect, large N factorization, and the spectrum of the two lowest-lying operators at the end of the line. On the basis of these assumptions, we solve the one-dimensional CFT on the line and systematically compute the defect expectation value in an expansion around the straight line. We find that the conformal symmetry of a straight defect is insufficient to fix the answer. Instead, imposing the conformal symmetry of the defect along an arbitrary curved line leads to a functional bootstrap constraint. The solution to this constraint is found to be unique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supertubes are supersymmetric configurations in string theory in which branes are extending along a closed curve. For a supertube of codimension two, its dipole charge is characterized by the duality monodromy around the closed curve. When multiple codimension-2 supertubes are present, the monodromies around different supertubes can be non-commuting, namely non-Abelian. Non-Abelian configurations of supertubes are expected to play an important role in non-perturbative physics of string theory, especially black holes. In this paper, in the framework of five-dimensional supergravity, we construct exact solutions describing codimension-2 supertubes in three-dimensional space. We use an extension formula to construct a three-dimensional solution from a two-dimensional seed solution. The two-dimensional seed is an F-theory like configuration in which a torus is nontrivially fibered over a complex plane. In the first example, there is a stack of circular supertubes around which there is a non-trivial monodromy. In some cases this can be thought of as a microstate of a black hole in AdS2 × S2. The second example is an axi-symmetric solution with two stacks of circular supertubes with non-Abelian monodromies. In addition, there is a continuous distribution of charges on the symmetry axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies on the holographic descriptions of Kerr black holes indicate that the conformal or the warped conformal symmetries are responsible for the Kerr black hole physics at both background and perturbation levels. In the present paper, we extend the validity of these studies to the case of accelerating Kerr black hole. By invoking a set of non-trivial diffeomorphisms near the horizon bifurcation surface of the accelerating Kerr black hole, the Dirac brackets among charges of the diffeomorphisms form the symmetry algebra of a warped CFT which consists of one Virasoro and one Kac-Moody algebra with central extensions. This provides the evidence for warped CFTs being possible holographic dual to accelerating Kerr black holes. The thermal entropy formula of the warped CFT fixed by modular parameters and vacuum charges reproduces the entropy of the rotating black hole with acceleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ground state of QCD with two flavors at a finite baryon chemical potential under rapid rotation is a chiral soliton lattice (CSL) of the η meson, consisting of a stack of sine-Gordon solitons carrying a baryon number, due to the anomalous coupling of the η meson to the rotation. In a large parameter region, the ground state becomes a non-Abelian CSL, in which due to the neutral pion condensation each η soliton decays into a pair of non-Abelian sine-Gordon solitons carrying S2 moduli originated from Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes localized around it, corresponding to the spontaneously broken vector symmetry SU(2)V. There, the S2 modes of neighboring solitons are anti-aligned, and these modes should propagate in the transverse direction of the lattice due to the interaction between the S2 modes of neighboring solitons. In this paper, we calculate excitations including gapless NG modes and excited modes around non-Abelian and Abelian (η) CSLs, and find three gapless NG modes with linear dispersion relations (type-A NG modes): two isospinons (S2 modes) and a phonon corresponding to the spontaneously broken vector SU(2)V and translational symmetries around the non-Abelian CSL, respectively, and only a phonon for the Abelian CSL because of the recovering SU(2)V. We also find in the deconfined phase that the dispersion relation of the isospinons becomes of the Dirac type, i.e. linear even at large momentum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent developments in the Standard Model analysis of semileptonic charged-current processes involving light quarks have revealed ~ 3σ tensions in Cabibbo universality tests involving meson, neutron, and nuclear beta decays. In this paper, we explore beyond the Standard Model explanations of this so-called Cabibbo Angle Anomaly in the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), including not only low-energy charged current processes ('L'), but also electroweak precision observables ('EW') and Drell-Yan collider processes ('C') that probe the same underlying physics across a broad range of energy scales. The resulting 'CLEW' framework not only allows one to test explanations of the Cabibbo Angle Anomaly, but is set up to provide near model-independent analyses with minimal assumptions on the flavor structure of the SMEFT operators. Besides the global analysis, we consider a large number of simpler scenarios, each with a subset of SMEFT operators, and investigate how much they improve upon the Standard Model fit. We find that the most favored scenarios, as judged by the Akaike Information Criterion, are those that involve right-handed charged currents. Additional interactions, namely oblique operators, terms modifying the Fermi constant, and operators involving right-handed neutral currents, play a role if the CDF determination of the W mass is included in the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the D1D5 CFT the twist operator of order 2 can twist together two copies in the untwisted sector into a single joined copy in the twisted sector. Traditionally, this effect is computed by using the covering map method. Recently, a new method was developed using the Bogoliubov ansatz and conformal symmetry to compute this effect in a toy model of one free boson. In this paper, we use this method with superconformal symmetry to compute the effect of the twist operator in the D1D5 CFT. This may provide more effective tools for computing correlation functions of twist operators in this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we compute holographic Euclidean thermal correlators of the stress tensor and U(1) current from the AdS planar black hole. To this end, we set up perturbative boundary value problems for Einstein's gravity and Maxwell theory in the spirit of Gubser-Klebanov-Polyakov-Witten, with appropriate gauge fixing and regularity boundary conditions at the horizon of the black hole. The linearized Einstein equation and Maxwell equation in the black hole background are related to the Heun equation of degenerate local monodromy. Leveraging the connection relation of local solutions of the Heun equation, we partly solve the boundary value problem and obtain exact two-point thermal correlators for U(1) current and stress tensor in the scalar and shear channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higgsinos and Winos in the supersymmetric Standard Model are prime candidates for dark matter due to their weakly interacting nature. The mass differences between their charged components (charginos) and neutral components (neutralinos) become degenerate when other superparticles are heavy, resulting in long-lived charginos. In the case of the Winos, the mass difference is approximately 160 MeV across a wide range of the parameter space. Consequently, the chargino decays into the lightest neutralino, emitting a single charged pion. For Higgsinos, however, mass differences ranging from O(0.1) GeV to O(1) GeV are possible, leading to a variety of decay channels. In this paper, we extend our previous analysis of Wino decay to the chargino with a larger mass difference. We emphasize characterizing its decay signatures through leptonic and hadronic modes. By utilizing the latest experimental data, we perform a comprehensive study of the decay rate calculations incorporating these hadronic modes to determine the impact on the predicted chargino lifetime. Additionally, we conduct next-to-leading order (NLO) calculations for the leptonic decay modes. Our NLO results can be applied to the case of more general fermionic electroweak multiplets, e.g., quintuplet dark matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper derives a next-to-leading power (NLP) soft theorem for multi-photon emission to all orders in the electromagnetic coupling constant, generalising the leading-power theorem of Yennie, Frautschi, and Suura. Working in the QED version of heavy-quark effective theory, multi-emission amplitudes are shown to reduce to single- and double-radiation contributions only. Single soft-photon emission, in turn, is described by the recent all-order extension of the Low-Burnett-Kroll theorem, where the tree-level formula is supplemented with a one-loop exact soft function. The same approach is used in this article to prove that the genuine double-emission contribution is tree-level exact. As a validation and a first non-trivial application of the multi-photon theorem, the real-real-virtual electron-line corrections to muon-electron scattering are calculated at NLP in the soft limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we define the momentum amplituhedron in the four-dimensional split-signature space of dual momenta. It encodes scattering amplitudes at tree level and loop integrands for N = 4 super Yang-Mills in the planar sector. In this description, every point in the tree-level geometry is specified by a null polygon. Using the null structure of this kinematic space, we find a geometry whose canonical differential form produces loop-amplitude integrands. Remarkably, at one loop it is a curvy version of a simple polytope, whose vertices are specified by maximal cuts of the amplitude. This construction allows us to find novel formulae for the one-loop integrands for amplitudes with any multiplicity and helicity. The formulae obtained in this way agree with the ones derived via prescriptive unitarity. It makes prescriptive unitarity naturally emerge from this geometric description. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Symmetries and their anomalies give strong constraints on renormalization group (RG) flows of quantum field theories. Recently, the identification of a theory's global symmetries with its topological sector has provided additional constraints on RG flows to symmetry preserving gapped phases due to mathematical results in category and topological quantum field theory. In this paper, we derive constraints on RG flows from ℤ2-valued pure- and mixed-gravitational anomalies that can only be activated on non-spin manifolds. We show that such anomalies cannot be matched by a unitary, symmetry preserving gapped phase without symmetry fractionalization. In particular, we discuss examples that commonly arise in 4d gauge theories with fermions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study various perturbations and their holographic interpretation for non-Abelian T-dual of AdS5 × S5 where the T-duality is applied along the SU(2) of AdS5. This paper focuses on two types of perturbations, namely the scalar and the vector fields on NATD of AdS5 × S5. For scalar perturbations, the corresponding solutions could be categorised into two classes. For one of these classes of solutions, we build up the associated holographic dictionary where the asymptotic radial mode sources scalar operators for the (0 + 1)d matrix model. These scalar operators correspond to either a marginal or an irrelevant deformation of the dual matrix model at strong coupling. We calculate the two point correlation between these scalar operators and explore their high as well as low frequency behaviour. We also discuss the completion of these geometries by setting an upper cut-off along the holographic axis and discuss the corresponding corrections to the scalar correlators in the dual matrix model. Finally, we extend our results for vector perturbations where we obtain asymptotic solutions for a particular class of modes. These are further used to calculate the boundary charge density at finite chemical potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD corrections for the process e+e− → J/ψ + J/ψ at the B factories. By including the NNLO corrections, the cross section turns negative due to the poor convergence of perturbative expansion. Consequently, to obtain a reasonable estimation for the cross section, the square of the amplitude up to NNLO is used. In addition, the contributions from the bottom quark and the light-by-light part, which are usually neglected, are also included. The final cross section is obtained as 1.76 − 1.66 + 2.42 fb at a center-of-mass energy of s = 10.58 GeV. Our result for total cross section and differential cross section could be compared with precise experimental measurement in future at the B factories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Higgs boson was the last fundamental piece of the Standard Model to be experimentally confirmed. LHC is embarked in a quest to probe the possibility that this particle provides a portal to new physics. One front of this quest consists in measuring the interactions of the Higgs with itself and with other SM particles to a high precision. In a more exotic front, the LHC is searching for the possibility that a pair of Higgses (HH) is the evidence of a new resonance. Such resonances are predicted in models with extended Higgs sectors, extra dimensions, and in models with exotic bound states. In this paper we show how scalar quirks in Folded Supersymmetry can give rise to HH resonances. We point out a viable sector of the parameter space in which HH is the dominant decay channel for these squirkonium bound states. We found that future runs of the LHC could discover HH resonances in the range of 0.5–1.6 TeV under reasonable assumptions. Furthermore, for a given mass and width of the HH signal, the model predicts the branching ratio of the subsequent decay modes of the heavy resonance. Finding the extra decay modes in the predicted pattern can serve as a smoking gun to confirm the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective String Theory (EST) represents a powerful non-perturbative approach to describe confinement in Yang-Mills theory that models the confining flux tube as a thin vibrating string. EST calculations are usually performed using the zeta-function regularization: however there are situations (for instance the study of the shape of the flux tube or of the higher order corrections beyond the Nambu-Goto EST) which involve observables that are too complex to be addressed in this way. In this paper we propose a numerical approach based on recent advances in machine learning methods to circumvent this problem. Using as a laboratory the Nambu-Goto string, we show that by using a new class of deep generative models called Continuous Normalizing Flows it is possible to obtain reliable numerical estimates of EST predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nambu Quantum Mechanics, proposed in Phys. Lett. B536, 305 (2002), is a deformation of canonical Quantum Mechanics in which the manifold over which the "phase" of an energy eigenstate time evolves is modified. This generalization affects oscillation and interference phenomena through the introduction of two deformation parameters that quantify the extent of deviation from canonical Quantum Mechanics. In this paper, we constrain these parameters utilizing atmospheric neutrino oscillation data, and B0- B 0 ¯ oscillation data from Belle. Surprisingly, the bound from atmospheric neutrinos is stronger than the bound from Belle. Various features of Nambu Quantum Mechanics are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we conjecture a monotonicity property that we call monotonicity under coarse-graining for a class of multi-partite entanglement measures. We check these properties by computing the measures for various types of states using different methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ricci flat manifolds of special holonomy are a rich framework as models of the extra dimensions in string/M-theory. At special points in vacuum moduli space, special kinds of singularities occur and demand a physical interpretation. In this paper we show that the topologically distinct G2-holonomy manifolds arising from desingularisations of codimension four orbifold singularities due to Joyce and Karigiannis correspond physically to Coulomb and Higgs phases of four dimensional gauge theories. The results suggest generalisations of the Joyce-Karigiannis construction to arbitrary ADE-singularities and higher order twists which we explore in detail in explicitly solvable local models. These models allow us to derive an isomorphism between moduli spaces of Ricci flat metrics on these non-compact G2-manifolds and flat ADE-connections on compact flat 3-manifolds which we establish explicitly for SU(n). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been known for some time that asymptotic parity invariance of weak interactions can provide a solution to the strong CP problem without the need for the axion. Left-right symmetric theories which employ a minimal Higgs sector consisting of a left-handed and a right-handed doublet is an example of such a theory wherein all fermion masses arise through a generalized seesaw mechanism. In this paper we present a way to understand the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry as well as the dark matter content of the universe in these theories using the Affleck-Dine (AD) leptogenesis mechanism and inflaton decay, respectively. Three gauge singlet fermions are needed for this purpose, two of which help to implement the Dirac seesaw for neutrino masses while the third one becomes the non-thermal dark matter candidate. A soft lepton number breaking term involving the AD scalar field is used to generate lepton asymmetry which suffers no wash-out effects and maintains the Dirac nature of neutrinos. This framework thus provides a unified description of many of the unresolved puzzles of the standard model that require new physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soft theorem states that scattering amplitude in gauge theory with a soft gauge-boson emission can be factorized into a hard scattering amplitude and a soft factor. In this paper, we present calculations of the soft factor for processes involving two hard colored partons, up to three loops in QCD. To accomplish this, we developed a systematic method for recursively calculating relevant Feynman integrals using the Feynman-Parameter representation. Our results constitute an important ingredient for the subtraction of infrared singularities at N4LO in perturbative QCD. Using the principle of leading transcendentality between QCD and N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory, we determine the soft factor in the latter case to three loops with full-color dependence. As a by-product, we also obtain the finite constant f 2 3 in the Bern-Dixon-Smirnov ansatz analytically, which was previously known numerically only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambitwistor-strings are chiral strings whose targets are spaces of complex massless particles, and whose correlation functions directly lead to simple, compact formulae for scattering amplitudes and loop integrands for massless gauge and gravity theories. This article extends the framework to massive particles in 4d, obtained via a symmetry reduction of higher dimensional massless models based on twistors. The target space of the resulting models turns out to be the phase space of 4d massive particles in a twistorial representation, and the worldsheet theory agrees with the two-twistor string previously introduced by the authors. The paper has been written so as to be largely self-contained. We discuss two interesting classes of massive theories in detail. For gauge theories, the reduction procedure is explicitly adapted to supersymmetric gauge theories on the Coulomb branch. For supergravity theories, the reduction is adapted to give theories obtained via Cremmer, Scherk & Schwartz (CSS) reduction, with broken supersymmetry and massive multiplets. The reduction procedure gives explicit and systematic rules to obtain amplitudes for all these theories and their amplitudes from two compact master formulae that have their origins in 6d based on the polarized scattering equations; in the CSS case the formulae are new, and in both cases their derivation is systematic. The freedom to include mass allows the definition of a loop insertion operator, thereby extending the formulae to 1-loop. Unlike the massless 4d twistorial models, these all display a perfect double copy structure, here incorporating massive particles in the relationship between gauge theory and CSS supergravity amplitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sharpened Distance Conjecture and Tower Scalar Weak Gravity Conjecture are closely related but distinct conjectures, neither one implying the other. Motivated by examples, I propose that both are consequences of two new conjectures: 1. The infinite distance geodesics passing through an arbitrary point ϕ in the moduli space populate a dense set of directions in the tangent space at ϕ. 2. Along any infinite distance geodesic, there exists a tower of particles whose scalar-charge-to-mass ratio (–∇log m) projection everywhere along the geodesic is greater than or equal to 1 / d − 2 . I perform several nontrivial tests of these new conjectures in maximal and half-maximal supergravity examples. I also use the Tower Scalar Weak Gravity Conjecture to conjecture a sharp bound on exponentially heavy towers that accompany infinite distance limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the two-particle form-factors for the relativistic limit of the integrable S-matrix of the mixed-flux AdS3 × S3 × T4 string theory. The S-matrix theory was formally constructed in two distinct ways by two different teams. We focus on the massive theory built up by Frolov, Polvara and Sfondrini, and derive expressions for the minimal solutions to the axioms, in both integral and manifestly meromorphic form, and then proceed to apply the off-shell Bethe ansatz method of Babujian et al. We obtain the integral formulas for the two-particle complete form-factors and check the axioms at this particle number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the chiral perturbation theory at the leading order, we show a signal of the presence of a new phase in rapidly rotating QCD matter with two flavors, that is a domain-wall Skyrmion phase. Based on the chiral Lagrangian with a Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) term responsible for the chiral anomaly and chiral vortical effect, it was shown that the ground state is a chiral soliton lattice (CSL) consisting of a stack of η-solitons in a high density region under rapid rotation. In a large parameter region, a single η-soliton decays into a pair of non-Abelian solitons, each of which carries SU(2)V/U(1) ≃ ℂP1 ≃ S2 moduli as a consequence of the spontaneously broken vector symmetry SU(2)V. In such a non-Abelian CSL, we construct the effective world-volume theory of a single non-Abelian soliton to obtain a d = 2 + 1 dimensional ℂP1 model with a topological term originated from the WZW term. We show that when the chemical potential is larger than a critical value, a topological lump supported by the second homotopy group π2(S2) ≃ ℤ has negative energy and is spontaneously created, implying the domain-wall Skyrmion phase. This lump corresponds in the bulk to a Skyrmion supported by the third homotopy group π3[SU(2)] ≃ ℤ carrying a baryon number. This composite state is called a domain-wall Skyrmion, and is stable even in the absence of the Skyrme term. An analytic formula for the effective nucleon mass in this medium can be written only in terms of the meson's constants as 4 2 π f π f η / m π ~ 1.21 GeV with the decay constants fπ and fη of the pions and η meson, respectively, and the pion mass mπ. This is reasonably heavier than the nucleon mass in the QCD vacuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study various perturbations and their holographic interpretation for non-Abelian T-dual of AdS5 × S5 where the T-duality is applied along the SU(2) of AdS5. This paper focuses on two types of perturbations, namely the scalar and the vector fields on NATD of AdS5 × S5. For scalar perturbations, the corresponding solutions could be categorised into two classes. For one of these classes of solutions, we build up the associated holographic dictionary where the asymptotic radial mode sources scalar operators for the (0 + 1)d matrix model. These scalar operators correspond to either a marginal or an irrelevant deformation of the dual matrix model at strong coupling. We calculate the two point correlation between these scalar operators and explore their high as well as low frequency behaviour. We also discuss the completion of these geometries by setting an upper cut-off along the holographic axis and discuss the corresponding corrections to the scalar correlators in the dual matrix model. Finally, we extend our results for vector perturbations where we obtain asymptotic solutions for a particular class of modes. These are further used to calculate the boundary charge density at finite chemical potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SMEFT Wilson coefficients are subject to various positivity bounds in order to be consistent with the fundamental principles of S-matrix. Previous bounds on dimension-8 SMEFT operators have been obtained using the positivity part of UV partial wave unitarity and form a (projective) convex cone. We derive a set of linear UV unitarity conditions that go beyond positivity and are easy to implement in an optimization scheme with dispersion relations in a multi-field EFT. Using Higgs scattering as an example, we demonstrate how to obtain closed bounds in the space of the three relevant dimension-8 coefficients, making use of the UV unitarity conditions as well as so-called null constraints that arise from full crossing symmetry. Specifically, we show that they are bounded by inequalities schematically going like C < O ((4π)2). We compare the newly obtained upper bounds with the traditional perturbative unitarity bounds from within the EFT, and discuss some phenomenological implications of the two-sided positivity bounds in the context of experimental probes of Vector Boson Scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using spread complexity and spread entropy, we study non-unitary quantum dynamics. For non-hermitian Hamiltonians, we extend the bi-Lanczos construction for the Krylov basis to the Schrödinger picture. Moreover, we implement an algorithm adapted to complex symmetric Hamiltonians. This reduces the computational memory requirements by half compared to the bi-Lanczos construction. We apply this construction to the one-dimensional tight-binding Hamiltonian subject to repeated measurements at fixed small time intervals, resulting in effective non-unitary dynamics. We find that the spread complexity initially grows with time, followed by an extended decay period and saturation. The choice of initial state determines the saturation value of complexity and entropy. In analogy to measurement-induced phase transitions, we consider a quench between hermitian and non-hermitian Hamiltonian evolution induced by turning on regular measurements at different frequencies. We find that as a function of the measurement frequency, the time at which the spread complexity starts growing increases. This time asymptotes to infinity when the time gap between measurements is taken to zero, indicating the onset of the quantum Zeno effect, according to which measurements impede time evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We devise a general method for obtaining 0-form noninvertible discrete chiral symmetries in 4-dimensional SU(N)/ℤp and SU(N) × U(1)/ℤp gauge theories with matter in arbitrary representations, where ℤp is a subgroup of the electric 1-form center symmetry. Our approach involves placing the theory on a three-torus and utilizing the Hamiltonian formalism to construct noninvertible operators by introducing twists compatible with the gauging of ℤp. These theories exhibit electric 1-form and magnetic 1-form global symmetries, and their generators play a crucial role in constructing the corresponding Hilbert space. The noninvertible operators are demonstrated to project onto specific Hilbert space sectors characterized by particular magnetic fluxes. Furthermore, when subjected to twists by the electric 1-form global symmetry, these surviving sectors reveal an anomaly between the noninvertible and the 1-form symmetries. We argue that an anomaly implies that certain sectors, characterized by the eigenvalues of the electric symmetry generators, exhibit multi-fold degeneracies. When we couple these theories to axions, infrared axionic noninvertible operators inherit the ultraviolet structure of the theory, including the projective nature of the operators and their anomalies. We discuss various examples of vector and chiral gauge theories that showcase the versatility of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored the gravity dual of a rotating quark-gluon plasma by transforming the boundary coordinates of the large black hole limit of Schwarchild-AdS5 metric. The Euler-Lagrange equation of the Nambu-Goto action and its solution become more complex than those without rotation. For small angular velocity, we obtained an analytical form of the drag force acting on a quark moving in the direction of the rotation axis and found it stronger than that without rotation. We also calculated the heavy quark potential under the same approximation. For the quarkonium symmetric with respect to the rotation axis, the depth of the potential is reduced by the rotation. For the quarkonium oriented in parallel to the rotation axis, the binding force is weakened and the force range becomes longer. We also compared our holographic formulation with others in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We initiate the study of correlation functions of non-Abelian spin-1 conserved current in three-dimensional conformal field theories using numerical conformal bootstrap. We discuss the general framework and apply it to the particular cases of SU(N) and O(N) global symmetry. In both cases, we obtain general bounds on operator dimensions. In the large-N limit our bounds show features in correspondence of the expected position of fermionic QED3 in three dimensions, as well as other interesting theories. By imposing gaps inspired by the spectrum of QED3 at large-N, we manage to restrict the plane of certain operator dimensions to a small island, where QED3 must live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]