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Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) develop in patients with liver cirrhosis as a consequence of long-term liver injury, and can be ascribed to one or several etiological factors including chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or aflatoxin ingestion.2 Moreover, a wide range of mutations and signaling pathways that drive hepatocarcinogenesis have been identified, even though they vary widely between patients.3 Ideally, incorporation of etiological factors and mutations into animal models could result in a translational model resembling human HCC.