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Flow of perfluorohexane in the entry region of a uniformly heated horizontal cylindrical duct is studied in a regime of weakly turbulent mixed convection. A different thermofluid-dynamic behavior is observed between the upper and lower sides of the pipe.

The thermofluid-dynamic effects of ion injection from sharp metallic points added perpendicularly to the inner wire of a short horizontal annulus were experimentally investigated. A dielectric liquid (FC-72 by 3M) was weakly forced to flow in the duct, which was uniformly heated on the outer wall. A dc voltage as high as 22 kV was applied to the inner electrode, while the heated wall was grounded. Both the laminar and the turbulent mixed-convection regimes were obtained, varying the imposed flow rate. Once an electric field is applied, the flow is dramatically modified by the jets of charged particles, which transfer their momentum to the neutral adjacent ones. Different injection strengths were obtained on the emitters, because the shape of the point tips was not controlled at the microscale. Nusselt number distributions were obtained azimuthally and longitudinally, monitoring the wall temperatures. In all cases, heat transfer turned out greatly enhanced in the proximity of the emitters, without a significant increase in pressure drop through the test section and with a negligible Joule heating, making this technique very attractive for application in compact heat exchangers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]