Search

The environmental fate and risks associated with tire wear particles (TWPs) are closely linked to their biogeochemical behaviors. However, reviews that focus on TWPs from this perspective remain scarce, hindering our understanding of their environmental fate and cascading effects on ecosystems. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on TWPs by addressing five key areas: (i) the generation and size-dependent distribution of TWPs; (ii) the release and transformation of TWP-leachates; (iii) methodologies for the quantification of TWPs; (iv) the toxicity of TWPs; and (v) interactions of TWPs with other environmental processes. It has been established that the size distribution of TWPs significantly influences their transport and occurrence in different matrices, leading to the release and transformation of specific TWP-chemicals that can be toxic to organisms. By highlighting the challenges and knowledge gaps in this field, we propose critical issues that need to be addressed to enhance the risk assessment of TWPs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating the environmental behavior of TWPs. [Display omitted] • Size distribution of TWPs significantly influences their fate in different matrices. • Quantification methods using markers for TWP quantification is still under developing. • DPG, PPDs, and PPD-quinones are ubiquitous TWP-chemicals in the environment. • Toxicological mechanisms of TWP-leachates at molecular level remain largely unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By 2040, tire particles (TP) are expected to dominate marine plastic contamination, raising concerns about their effects on marine animals. This study employed a multidisciplinary and multigenerational approach on the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas to investigate the effects of TP and their leachates (LEA). Effects were analyzed at the individual scale, from cellular, molecular, and microbiota changes to reproductive outputs and offspring performance. Microbiota characterization revealed potential dysbiosis in oysters treated with high concentration of both TP and LEA. RNA-seq analyses highlighted the activation of energy metabolism and stress responses in the LEA treatment. Additionally, transcriptional changes in oocytes and the reduction of motile spermatozoa suggested potential effects on gamete quality. Notably, possible oyster resilience was pointed out by the lack of significant ecophysiological modifications in adults and impacts on the growth and reproductive outputs of the offspring. Overall, the implications of the observed oyster resilience under our experimental setting are discussed in relation to available toxicity data and within a comprehensive view of coastal ecosystems, where a higher diversity of plastic/rubber materials and harsher environmental conditions occur. [Display omitted] • Leachate led to energy metabolism alteration and stress response. • LEA and MR led to minor microbiota changes but spread of Tenacibaculum spp. • Low concentrations of tire particles had no effects on adult oyster ecophysiology. • Parental exposure to leachate and tire particles impacted gamete quality. • Parental exposure did not lead to long-term effects on offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large amounts of microplastics (MPs) accumulate in the sludge anaerobic digestion system after being treated by the wastewater treatment plants, inevitably leading to aging and chemicals leaching. However, no information is available about the effects of aged MPs and leachates on the anaerobic digestion of sludge. In this study, the effects of different aged MPs ((polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polylactic acid (PLA)) and leachates on anaerobic methanogenesis of sludge were investigated. PLA-related treatments caused no adverse effects on anaerobic digestion. While PE-, PET-, and PVC-related treatments significantly inhibited methane production with an order of leachates (26.4–42.4 %) > MPs (16.1–22.9 %) > aged MPs (2.4–11.8 %). For different leachates, PET leachate caused the strongest inhibitory effects. The same order was found for the methane potential and hydrolysis coefficient. These results suggest that the inhibition of MPs on methanogenesis is mainly caused by the leachates. Based on biochemical and microbial community analysis, the primary mechanism is that the leachates induce oxidative stress, damaging microbial cells and reducing microbial activity, consequently inhibiting methanogenesis. Furthermore, via effect-directed analysis, methyl benzoate (MB), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), and 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP) were identified as key components in the PET-leachate inhibiting anaerobic methanogenesis. [Display omitted] • The effects of aged MPs and leachates on anaerobic digestion of WAS were studied. • The mechanisms were revealed by microbial community and enzyme activity analysis. • The inhibition of methanogenesis follows an order of leachates > MPs > aged MPs. • PET leachate caused the strongest inhibitory effects on methane production. • Key components in PET-leachate inhibiting methanogenesis were identified via EDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine plastic pollution has garnered substantial attention, but the potential endocrine disrupting effects of plastic leachates in marine organisms remain unclear. In this study, the larvae of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) were exposed to the leachates from virgin and aged plastics soaked in simulated seawater and fish digest for 3 days. The concentrations of vitellogenin (VTG), estradiol (E2), and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), as well as the transcripts of endocrine-related genes were measured in the larvae. The results revealed that endogenous E2 was more sensitive to plastic leachates than VTG and 11-KT, which was significantly affected by 26.7 % of all plastic leachates. Among all genes, estrogen receptor α was impacted mostly, being up-regulated by 53.3 % of leachates from aged plastics. The comparative results demonstrated that the leachates from plastics with different statuses caused a greater difference than those from plastics in different simulated media, and the leachates from aged plastics resulted in higher endocrine disrupting effects than those from virgin plastics. In addition, seven leached additives (plasticizers and flame retardants) could explain 25.6 % of the hormonal effects using redundancy analysis, indicating that other additives in the plastic leachates can also play important roles in regulating the endocrine system of O. melastigma larvae. [Display omitted] • Virgin and aged plastics were in simulated seawater (SW) and fish digest (FD). • Leachates produced by different conditions caused different endocrine disruptions. • Concentration of E2 was decreased by FD leachates from aged plastics. • Transcriptional level of erα was increased by leachates from aged plastics. • Higher endocrine disrupting effects were found in leachates from aged plastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics are ubiquitous and persistent in aquatic environments, threatening environmental and human health. This review focused on the effects of plastics (single toxicity) and associated chemicals (combined or leachate toxicities) on freshwater and marine microalgae. Forty-seven publications from 2010 to 2020 were used in this review. Based on their topic of focus, we classified the publications among the following categories: single plastic toxicity, combined toxicity of plastics and other chemicals, and toxicity of leachates released from plastics. The test species Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta were generally used to assess the impacts of plastics on aquatic microalgae. This study identified the inhibition of algal growth and photosynthesis due to single toxicity through the physical adsorption of plastics, showing that leachates released from plastics contained non-specific chemicals which could potentially affect microalgae. Production of malondialdehyde or reactive oxygen species presented significant effects on algae independent of the experimental conditions. This review could improve our understanding of the effects of plastic pollution on microalgae in freshwater and marine environments. It has implications for further research in this field and associated water management in light of the global ubiquity of plastic pollution. [Display omitted] • Research on plastic toxicity in fresh- and marine water microalgae was reviewed. • Effects on Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta growth or photosynthesis were mainly studied. • Microalgal growth and photosynthesis were favored as toxicity endpoints. • Adverse effects of plastics resulted from adsorption, but mechanisms are not clear. • Malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species were suitable toxicity endpoints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The adsorption of stabilized leachates generated in a municipal landfill onto three commercial activated carbons has been investigated. Norit 0.8, Chemviron AQ40 and Picacarb 1240 have been used as adsorbents. Equilibrium experiments have been conducted to obtain the experimental isotherm profiles. Isotherms have been plotted based on the adsorption of general parameters, for instance chemical oxygen demand, total carbon, absorption at 410nm and absorption at 254nm. Different literature models and error functions have been used to adequately fit the experimental data. As a rule of thumb, three-parameter models do adjust experimental results better than two-parameter models. Norit 0.8 shows better adsorption characteristics than the rest of activated carbons, both in terms of contaminant level reduction of per unit mass of absorbent and in terms of the process kinetics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a study of the removal of Cd and Zn present in the leachate from an inorganic industrial waste landfill using cationic exchange resins (Amberlite 200, 252-C, IR-120, Duolite C-464), a chelating resin, Amberlite IRC 718, and an adsorbent resin, XAD-2. The chelating resin Amberlite IRC 718 presented the higher removal in batch experiments for both metals (93% for Zn and 50% for Cd). Five hundred ten bed volumes of leachate were treated in column experiments using this material, reducing the concentrations of Cd and Zn from 18mg/dm3 to 0.1 and 1.0mg/dm3, respectively. Regeneration of the saturated bed was achieved with 11 BV of 2M HCl. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]