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Background: The aim of the study was to determine the unmet need for family planning and its causes in Şanlıurfa. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with women of childbearing age who applied to family health centres in Şanlıurfa city centre and who did not use any family planning method. Cluster sampling method was used in sample selection and each family health centre was taken as a cluster. A pilot study was conducted to calculate the required number of clusters and the required number of clusters was found to be 16 and the study was completed with a total of 313 women. In the evaluation of the data, percentage, mean and standard deviation from descriptive statistics; Chi-square and Mann Whitney-U test from univariate analyses; Logistic Regression model from multivariate analyses were used. Results: In the study, it was determined that 35.5% of the women had unmet need for family planning (2.6% to interrupt their pregnancies, 32.9% because they did not want to get pregnant anymore). The most important factors that increase the unmet need for family planning are speaking Arabic at home 3.5 times, having 2 or more daughters 1.8 times, being 34 years of age or older 1.2 times, and having 30 months or more since the last birth 1.019 times (p<0.05). Conclusions: In the study, it was determined that the level of unmet need for family planning was approximately 3 times higher than the average of Turkey and that socio-demographic and cultural factors affected the unmet need for family planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatitis A virus is a self-limiting agent of acute viral hepatitis. It is responsible for 0.5% of viral hepatitis-related deaths worldwide. Hepatitis A is endemic in our country and its seroprevalence has been decreasing in recent years. Seroprevalence studies conducted on specific groups do not reflect the general population. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A and to shed light on the need for hepatitis A vaccination. Materials and Methods: Patients who applied to primary health care institutions between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2022 and for whom anti-HAV IgG and anti-HAV IgM tests were requested were included in the study. The data of the information management system of the Provincial Public Health Laboratory were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The number of cases analysed for anti-HAV IgM and anti-HAV IgG levels were 128,387 and 89,532 respectively. The number of anti-HAV IgM and anti-HAV IgG positive cases were 233 (0.18%) and 79,015 (88.25%), respectively. Of the 233 anti-HAV IgM positive cases, 41 (17.6%) were male and 192 (82.4%) were female. The incidence of acute hepatitis A infection in Gaziantep province was 0.18% and was highest in the 25-44 age group. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of anti-HAV IgM positive cases in June 2021 and May, June, September and October 2022 compared to other months. Conclusions: Although hepatitis A infection has decreased in our country, it still remains a public health problem. The incidence of acute hepatitis A infection in Gaziantep province is 0.18%. This rate is higher than the incidence in our country. In our study, it was determined that acute hepatitis A infection poses a risk in adults. Therefore, seronegative adults should be vaccinated. In our opinion, hepatitis A vaccine should be included in the adult vaccination programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Motor Neuron Diseases (MNDs) are progressive neurological disorders characterized by the degeneration of upper and/or lower m otor neurons. T he t erm M ND includes Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS), Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis (HSP), Progressive Muscular Atrophy (PMA), Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Hirayama Disease, Kennedy Syndrome, Poliomyelitis and Postpolio syndrome (PPS). While both upper and lower motor neurons are involved in ALS, only upper motor neurons are involved in Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS), Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis (HSP), and only lower motor neurons are involved in Progressive Muscular Atrophy (PMA), Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Hirayama Disease, Kennedy Syndrome, Poliomyelitis and Postpolio syndrome (PPS). We aimed to investigate the clinical, demographic, and electrophysiological characteristics of MND patients who presented to our university hospital in Şanlıurfa province. Materials and Methods: 190 patients diagnosed and followed up with MND in the Neurology and Neuromuscular clinics and Electroneurophysiology laboratory were retrospectively analyzed from the medical records of patients between 2018 and 2023. 18 patients were excluded from the study because of insufficient file data. Patient data, including age, gender, presenting complaints, examination findings, family history, and electrophysiological features, were recorded. Results: Of the 172 patients included in our study, 103 were male and 69 were female. 54 patients were diagnosed with ALS, 3 with HSP, 2 with Kennedy syndrome, 21 with SMA, 4 with Hirayama disease, 82 with poliomyelitis sequelae, and 6 with PPS. Among the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, 22 were female and 32 were male. Fifteen patients had bulbar-onset symptoms, while 39 had spinal-onset symptoms. The initial symptom in 17 patients originated from the lower extremities; and in 22 patients, it started in the upper extremities. In 36 patients, ulnar nerve distal motor latencies (DML) were shorter than median nerve DML, and 24 of these patients had higher ulnar nerve compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) than median nerve CMAP. One of the 3 patients with HSP had a complicated type. Electromyography (EMG) of the tibialis anterior muscle in patients with sequelae of poliomyelitis revealed bilateral involvement in 55 patients and unilateral involvement in 7 patients. Slowing of conduction velocity was detected in 2 patients, and trap neuropathy i n t he m edian n erve w as observed i n 2 other patients. T he a verage a ge of 6 P PS patients w as 5 4.25±8.057. A mong t he patients diagnosed with Hirayama Disease, 1 was female, and 3 were male. Three patients were between 20-30 years old, while one of them was 58 years old. Myelomalacia at the C6-7 level was detected in the cervical imaging of one patient, and two patients had bilateral involvement without symptoms, while the other 2 had unilateral involvement. Conclusions: Recognizing the symptoms, signs, and risk factors of MND is crucial for physicians to facilitate early diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common nonobstetric cause of acute abdomen in pregnant women. In this study, we aimed to evaluate pregnant patients who were operated on for acute appendicitis in our center, which has a large pregnant population, in the light of the literature. Materials and Methods: The data of patients operated on for acute appendicitis between November 2015 and August 2022 were retrospectively examined and recorded electronically. The patients' complaints, physical examination findings, radiological data, operation type, and pathological data were recorded and examined in the light of the literature. Results: The average age of 37 patients who underwent appendectomy was 27.7 (20-42) years. In these patients, acute appendicitis was diagnosed most frequently in the 2nd trimester (48.6%). The most common presenting complaint of the patients was abdominal pain, and the most common physical examination finding was abdominal tenderness. Considering the admission time of the patients, it was observed that a delay of more than 24 hours increased the risk of perforation. Although the most common histopathological finding was acute appendicitis, malignancy was detected in one patient and enterobius vermicularis was detected in another. Conclusions: Acute appendicitis should be kept in mind in patients with new-onset right lower quadrant abdominal pain during pregnancy. Because delay in diagnosis and therefore surgery causes serious morbidity and mortality for both the fetus and the mother. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Background: In acute pancreatitis (AP), determining the severity of the disease starting from hospitalization is important for planning the treatment. Data obtained in previous studies that examining the clinical importance of RDW (Erythrocyte Distribution Volume) and MPV (Mean Platelet Volume) levels in patients with AP are contradictory. Our aim in this study is to determine whether RDW and MPV levels can predict the severity of pancreatitis and related mortality. Materials and Methods: The data of 262 patients hospitalized due to AP between 2019 and 2022 were retrospectively examined. Patients were divided into groups according to Atlanta criteria.Then, the relationship between RDW and MPV values and the severity and prognosis of pancreatitis was examined statistically. Results: While 83.9% (n=220) of the patients had mild pancreatitis, 16.1% (n=42) had severe pancreatitis. While the mean RDW index was 42.5±6.9 fL in patients with mild AP, it was 42.0±6.6 fL in severe AP patients and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.625). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean MPV level (9.7±1.0 fL vs 9.8±1.3 Fl, p=0.687). ROC analysis showed that there was no significant and critical MPV and RDW threshold value to detect the severity of pancreatitis (AUC values: 0.499 and 0.453, respectively). Conclusions: In our study, we found that there was no significant difference in terms of RDW and MPV in patients with mild and severe pancreatitis according to the Atlanta criteria. Therefore, we can say that MPV and RDW levels are not sufficient and strong parameters to predict the severity and prognosis of pancreatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Median Arcuate L igament S yndrome ( MALS) i s a r are clinical condition w ith a r ate o f 2/100000 in the society. Therefore, MALS cases are diagnosed late.In this article, we aimed to present the findings of five patients who were diagnosed with MALS in our clinic and underwent surgical treatment, in the light of the literature. Materials and Methods: The files of five patients who were diagnosed with MALS and underwent surgical treatment in our clinic between January 2021 and December 2022 were reviewed retrospectively and data were obtained. Results: Five patients who received surgical treatment with the diagnosis of MALS were identified. Three of the patients w ere woman and two were man. All patients complained of weight loss and i ncreased abdominal pain after meals. It was observed the patients gained weightin the ±13,2 (3-24) month followup period after the surgical treatment. In addition, it was determined that his clinical complaints were resolved. Conclusions: Although MALS is a rare disease, it is important because of delay in diagnosis and treatment, loss of workforce and increasing costs on the health system due to chronic complaints of patients. Surgical excision of the fibrous band thst causes the pressure, is very effective in relieving the complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a skin disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the Leishmania genus. The most commonly preferred treatment option for CL treatment is pentavalent antimony compounds. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment responses of patients diagnosed with CL treated with systemic antimony. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 52 patients diagnosed with CL and treated with systemic antimony in our skin and venereal diseases clinic between May 2018 and May 2020. The clinical and demographic characteristics recorded in the patients' files were examined. Systemic antimony (intramuscular meglumine antimonate (IM MA)) was administered Results: 30 (57.7%) of the patients in our study w ere female a nd 22 (42.3%) were male. The average age of the patients was 26.5±14.23 years. Lesions were most frequently located in the facial region, and noduloulcerative type lesions were most frequently seen. The diagnosis of CL was made by observing amastigotes in the cutaneous smear in 48 (92.3%) patients and in the histopathological examination of the lesioned skin in 4 (7.7%) patients. When the patients receiving IM MA treatment were evaluated at the 12th week in terms of treatment response, complete clinical recovery of the lesions was observed in 50 (96.1%) patients and partial clinical improvement was observed in 2 (3.9%) patients. Conclusions: As a result, the data in our study were similar to the clinical and demographic data on CL previously published in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the l evel of attitudes of medical students towards scientific researches. In the study, it was also examined whether there was a significant difference between students' attitudes towards researches according to their gender and grade levels. Materials and Methods: In this study, 110 placenta percreta patients who were delivered between January 2021 and January 2022 in the gynecology and obstetrics clinic of Harran University were included in the study. The patients were grouped according to the number of previous cesarean sections; Pregnant women's age, weeks of delivery, prepartum and postpartum blood transfusion needs, 1st and 5th minute APGAR scores of their babies, intraoperative and postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and peripartum invasion status according to the status of performing preventive surgery/hysterectomy were retrospectively analyzed from the file records. Results: As the number of previous cesarean section increased, the hysterectomy status of the groups formed based on the number of cesarean sections was found to be statistically significant. However, it was determined that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, weeks of birth, prepartum and postpartum blood transfusion needs, 1st and 5th minute APGAR scores of infants, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and hospital stay. Conclusions: The incidence of hysterectomy increases as the number of previous cesarean sections increases in patients with placenta percreta.This situation increases the morbidity of the patients.Surgeons experienced in peripartum hysterectomy and uterine devascularization maneuvers are needed to achieve optimal results when the diagnosis of placenta percreta is made [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The causative agents and antibiotic resistances causing neonatal sepsis can vary according to the units. In this study, we aimed to analyze infants diagnosed with culture-confirmed late-onset neonatal sepsis in terms of frequency, etiologic factors, causative microorganisms and antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods: The data of the patients monitored in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital between 2018 and 2023 were obtained from infection control committee records, patient files, and the hospital data system. Among 1641 hospitalized cases during the specified period, 218 cases diagnosed with culture-confirmed late-onset neonatal sepsis were included in the study. Results: 218 cases that were detected late-onset neonatal sepsis out of 1641 blood cultures examined for sepsis suspicion were included during the study period. 76.1 % of the cases were receiving invasive mechanical ventilator support. 23.9 % had picc lines, 55.5% had umbilical catheters, and 68.8 % had total parenteral nutrition. Among the isolates obtained from blood cultures taken after the third day of the study, 67 % were gram-negative agents. Among the gram negative agents, 43.1% were Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mortality rates were significantly higher in female cases and those receiving central venous catheters and invasive mechanical ventilator support. When the causative agents of sepsis were analyzed, mortality rates were significantly higher in cases with gram-negative agents (p < 0.05). For Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, the resistance rates were found to be, respectively: 96.6% and 40% for Ampicillin, 83.1% and 55% for Gentamicin, 72.9% and 75% for Ceftazidime, 25.4% and 10% for Amikacin, 16.9% and 10% for Imipenem/Meropenem, 6.8% and 0% for Colistin, and 5.1% and 15.8% for Levofloxacin. Conclusions: The microorganisms detected in neonatal intensive care units and antibiotic resistance of these microorganisms may be variable. It is known that sepsis-related mortality rates can be reduced with appropriate empirical treatment, in early recognized late-onset neonatal sepsis cases. Therefore, each unit is recommended to formulate its treatment strategy as the sepsis agents and antibiotic resistances may differ among neonatal units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been shown that the incidence of VAP decreases with compliance with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) precautionary bundles. However, the effect of these bundles on the incidence of ventilatorrelated events (VIO) is still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of VIO and compliance with the VAP prevention bundle in a certain period in the intensive care units (ICU) of a training and research hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational case-control study investigating the incidence of VIO and compliance with VAP prevention bundles between April and June 2019 in ICUs of a tertiary education and research hospital. VAP prevention bundle created; The incidence of VIO was determined according to the 2013 United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance criteria. The effects of patient characteristics and distribution of patients in ICUs on the development of VIO were investigated. Results: The study was completed with 98 patients. It was determined that the rate of compliance with VAP prevention bundles varied between 65% and 85% among ICUs. It has been shown with other important risk factors that every 10% decrease in compliance with the VAP prevention bundle increases the risk of developing VIO. Conclusions: According to the 2013 CDC criteria, the incidence of VIO in the ICUs of our hospital is 20.4%. The risk of developing VIO increases with low compliance with the VAP prevention bundle, patient characteristics, and many factors arising from ICU treatments. Differences in ICUs in terms of compliance with VIP measure bundles show the necessity of training activities on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, it was aimed to determine the stigmatising attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of women and men living in Şanlıurfa province towards abortion. Materials and Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of men and women between the ages of 18-65. The sample size was calculated as 292 according to the values obtained from the pilot study. The data of the study were collected by face-to-face interview technique between July and August 2023 by using Personal Information Form and Stigmatising Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours Scale towards Abortion. In the evaluation of the data, percentage, mean, standard deviation from descriptive statistics; Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Anova and Spearman's Correlation analysis from univariate analysis; Logistic Regression analysis from multivariate analysis were used. Results: In the study, the mean score of the Scale of Stigmatising Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviours Towards Abortion was 41.39±17.28. In univariate analyses, it was found that the scale score was significantly higher in males, married people, unemployed people, people with poor economic status, Arabic language speakers, people with primary education level and below, and there was a low level positive correlation between age and number of living children and the scale score (p<0.05). In the Logistic Regression analysis, it was determined that the scale score was significantly higher in males, those with poor economic status, those with an educational level of primary education and below, and those with three or more living children (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that women and men living in Şanlıurfa province had moderate stigmatising attitudes, beliefs and behaviours towards abortion; and gender, education level, economic status and number of living children significantly affected attitudes, beliefs and behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nowadays, age estimation is a method that is utilized in biological profiling, frequently used in forensic sciences for identification purposes and provides important data. The aim of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the works on age estimation in the ISI Web of Science (WoS) database and to provide suggestions for interdisciplinary interaction and research trends. Materials and Methods: Among the articles in the WoS database, articles containing the word "age" in the title, as well as those containing any of the words "estimation," "determination," "prediction," or "assessment," were identified. The filtering feature of the database was used to investigate the language of these articles, publication year, journal of publication, authors, affiliations of authors, countries where the studies were conducted, citation counts of the articles, and the financial support received for the studies. Results: It was found that 990 (97.1%) of the 1020 articles within the scope of our study were published in English, the works have received a total of 23704 citations since their publication, 993 (97.4%) of the articles examined were included in journals indexed within the scope of SCI-E, and the most studies were conducted in Germany with 145 articles (10.4%). Conclusions: The study findings shed light on the bibliometric analysis of countries, institutions, and researchers involved in forensic age estimation based on the analysis of articles available in the WoS database. This study is the first of its kind conducted in this field. The obtained information can serve as a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and other stakeholders, contributing to the guidance of future research on age estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gallbladder cancers are rare diseases that can be diagnosed by pathological examination. In this study, we determined the frequency of incidental gallbladder cancer in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and asked, "Should we expand the indications for cholecystectomy in in gallbladder diseases to reduce the incidence of gallbladder cancer?" We aimed to find an answer to the question. Materials and Methods: The files of patients who underwent cholecystectomy between January 2011 and January 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients under the age of 18 who underwent open cholecystectomy, were diagnosed preoperatively and had different concomitant oncological diseases were excluded from the study. Patients over the age of 18 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease were included in the study. Demographic data, radiological examinations, pathology reports, stages, follow-up and treatment, and results of patients with incidentally diagnosed gallbladder cancer were recorded. Results: Of the 4499 patients who underwent cholecystectomy within the specified date range, 3324 met the inclusion criteria. Gallbladder cancer was detected incidentally in nine (0.27%) patients. 5 (55.5%) of the patients were male (M/F:5/4) and their mean age was 67.3 (47-78) years. While five patients underwent only laparoscopic cholecystectomy, four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy after extensive resection after cholecystectomy. The mortality rate was 55.5% (n=5). Conclusions: The results are satisfactory in patients with gallbladder cancers diagnosed at an early stage. Because of the possibility of coincidental cancer, radiological examination and histopathological evaluation should be done with care. Even if it is not symptomatic, the choice of early surgery in benign diseases diagnosed at an early age should be reviewed with new studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intensive care units are the most frequently affected areas by infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. Due to its rapid development of antimicrobial resistance, causes serious therapeutic problems. The aim of this study is to determine antibiotic susceptibilities of A. baumannii strains isolated from intensive care units over a four-year period. Materials and Methods: A. baumannii strains isolated from various samples sent from intensive care units to the medical microbiology laboratory between January 2018 and December 2021 were included in the study. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using standard microbiological methods and automated systems. Antibiotic resistance data from 2018 to 2021 were compared using the Chi-square and Fisher's Exact test, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 1900 A. baumannii strains were included in the study. These strains were most commonly isolated from tracheal aspirate culture samples (1011; 53%). Among the intensive care units, it was determined that it was most frequently isolated from the Anesthesiology and Reanimation intensive care unit (697; 37%). When comparing the years 2018 and 2021, an increase in antibiotic resistance was observed in A. baumannii. The most significant resistance increase was found in amikacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our study revealed high antibiotic resistance among A. baumannii strains. Regular monitoring and reporting of antibiotic susceptibility results will enable physicians to establish antibiotic usage policies and take infection control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: 5th metacarpal neck fractures constitute 20% of hand bone fractures. It is called "boxer fracture" because it usually occurs as a result of punching. That is why, this study was carried out in order to begin a discussion on how the forensic medical approach should be in those cases and ultimately to provide a consensus on this issue. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out among people who were diagnosed with metacarpal fracture and for whom a forensic report was issued in 2017-2022. The obtained data were analyzed as numbers and percentage. Results: There were 15 case applications in total. All of the cases were male. The age range of the cases was between 12-68 and the mean age was 36.26. Fracture was found in the 5th metacarpal in 11 cases (73.33%). 5th metacarpal fracture was in the dominant hand in 7 cases. Conclusions: It was emphasized that fractures can occur in other metacarpals by direct mechanisms as a result of hand trauma, and the importance of forensic medicine specialists to approach those cases on the basis of anamnesis-origin-examination-investigation quartet. On the other hand, the issue of the dominant hand was also critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social media, which is also used as a form of social support, is widely accepted in part due to its availability, ease of access and social acceptability of resources at any time of the day. In this context, it is aimed to examine the use of social media and its effects on women's contraception methods in this study. Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected by using a questionnaire prepared by the researchers questioning the socio-demographic, obstetric, gynecological characteristics and contraception histories of the women, and a personal information form for the use of social media to obtain information about contraception. Number and percentage distribution, mean and standard deviation were used in the analysis of the data. Results: It was determined that the mean age of the women was 34.93±7.41 (range: 18-48), 67.0% of them were associate degree / undergraduate / graduate degrees and 26.4% of them worked in a job that generates income. It was determined that all of the women in this study used more than one social media account, 74.3% of them confirmed the accuracy of the information obtained from social media with a health professional, and the most sought-after information about contraception methods was aimed at increasing general knowledge. Conclusions: It was concluded that the women in this study widely use social media as a source of information. Important contributions can be made to women's health by examining social media content and sharing accurate information by health professionals so that women can access reliable information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that has an important role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance in our body, especially in the bone and skeletal system. It is known that vitamin D level is low in developing countries such as Turkey, while it should be normal or high, especially in people in sun-rich regions. Vitamin D prophylaxis in Turkey is recommended by the Ministry of Health to be given regularly for up to 12 months. However, we observed that some of the patients who applied to pediatric outpatient clinics did not comply with vitamin D prophylaxis. The aim of this study is to identify children who do not comply with vitamin D prophylaxis, to determine the reasons for not complying with prophylaxis, and to urge them to use vitamin D prophylaxis more effectively. Materials and Methods: Children between the ages of 0-12 months who applied to the Pediatric Health and Diseases outpatient clinic were evaluated, and a questionnaire was applied to the parents of a total of 405 children. Analyzes were evaluated in SPSS 26 package program. Chi-square analysis was used to compare categorical variables between groups. The statistical significance level in the analyzes was accepted as p<0.05. Results: While 90.9% of parents use vitamin D regularly for their babies, 6.4% use it irregularly, 2.7% do not use it at all. 77.3% of parents started using vitamin D for their children within 15-30 days after birth. The use of vitamin D for children was recommended by a physician to 98.5% of the parents. Of the parents who never used vitamin D for their children, 7 stated that it was too early to use it, and 1 stated that they did not use it because the baby's fontanelle was small. Of the parents who do not use it regularly, 10 stated that they stopped using it because of side effects, 5 because of neglect, and 4 because they ran out of vitamins. There was no statistically significant difference in the use of vitamin D according to the mother's job status, the education of the parents and the monthly income of the family. 92.0% of the parents who were recommended to use vitamin D for their baby by a physician and 16.7% of those who were not recommended to use vitamin D used vitamin D (p<0.001) Conclusions: In our study, it was determined that vitamin D was highly recommended by health professionals and although the rate of use was also high, it was determined that some parents either never used vitamin D in their babies or did not use it regularly. Reasons such as side effects of vitamin D, neglect of parents and thinking that it is too early to start vitamin D have led to not using vitamin D. It is suggested that physicians' recommendation of vitamin D prophylaxis is effective and therefore physicians should emphasize prophylaxis more frequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin C is used in different cancer treatments to reduce treatment-related side effects and increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, the free radical scavenging property of vitamin C, its inhibitory effect and its role in inducing oxidative stress may change the effectiveness of treatments. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of Bortezomib, vitamin C, and their combinations which are used as chemotherapeutic-cytotoxic agents in the treatment of leukemia, on HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Materials and Methods: HL-60 cells were incubated with Bortezomib (1-100 nM), vitamin C (1-100 µM) concentrations and their combinations for 24 hours. Single concentrations of bortezomib and vitamin C and the cytotoxic effects of their combination were analyzed by the MTT method, the genotoxic effects were analyzed by the Comet assay method, and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed by the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe method. Results: Bortezomib was found to have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in relation to concentration in HL-60 cells (p<0.001), while vitamin C (except 100 µM) did not produce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects (p>0.05). In bortezomib+vitamin C combinations, higher vitamin C concentrations were found to produce higher cytotoxic, genotoxic effects and increase intracellular ROS levels (p<0.001). However, these effects were not as strong as the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects obtained when bortezomib was administered at single concentrations. Conclusions: Compared to the single-administered concentrations effects of Bortezomib in HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, the combination of Bortezomib+vitamin C resulted in less cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and intracellular ROS generation. These potential effects of vitamin C should be considered in cancer treatment. Supporting these results with different leukemia cell lines, in vivo and preclinical studies may help to increase the oncological efficacy in leukemia treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aim to contribute to open heart surgery by revealing how different fluids used as prime solution during Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) affect oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients, 21 men and 9 women, who underwent open heart surgery for various reasons were included in this study. Patients according to the prime solutions used 1. Group: Lactic Ringer was divided into two groups as 2 Groups: Isolyte S. A total of 4 blood samples were taken from these patients after anesthesia induction, after cross-clamping during CPB, on the 1st day and the 5th day after the operation. Total antioxidant stress (TAS), total oxidative stress (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSSI) were studied from the samples taken. The results were evaluated statistically. Results: Samples collected in this study were compared before prime solution (before CPB) and after CPB. In the group using Ringer Lactate (RL) on the 5th day postoperatively, the TOS value was statistically significantly lower than the preoperative period (p=0.015). Again, when the OSI values were compared, it was seen that the OSI value of the Ringer Lactate (RL) group was statistically significantly lower (p=0.032). Conclusions: As a result of our study, it was seen that the TOS and OSI values of the two types of prime solutions (Ringer Lactate and Isolayt S) frequently used during Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) were lower in the Ringer Lactate (RL) group and superior in the Isolayt S group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To compare the lipid profile of preeclamptic pregnant women with the lipid profile of normal pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 40 severe preeclamptic, 40 mild preeclamptic, and 40 healthy pregnant patients who were prospectively admitted to the hospital in Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between June 2021 and June 2022. Age, pregnancy and delivery numbers, blood pressure and pulse values, Body Mass Index (BMI), blood total cholesterol, LDL, HDL triglyceride (TG) levels and hemogram parameters (Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, WBC, Platelet count and MPV) of all patients were evaluated.he study was planned as descriptive cross-sectional. The attitudes of the students studying at the Faculty of medicine towards scientific research were questioned. In the study, the "Attitude Scale Towards Scientific Research" was used. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between systolic - diastolic blood pressures and heart rate values according to the groups (p<0.001 for all groups). It was found that the BMI of the pregnant women in the preeclampsia (PE) groups was higher than the control group and there was a significant difference between the BMIs according to the groups (p<0.001). It was determined that total cholesterol, TG and LDL values of pregnant women with preeclampsia were higher than healthy pregnant women, and HDL values were lower than healthy pregnant women (p<0.001). Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that the lipid profile in PE patients was higher than the lipid profile in normal pregnant women, and preeclamptic pregnant women were more obese. It was concluded that pregnant women with preeclampsia are a risky group in terms of lipid profile and should be followed up in the postpartum period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study, it was aimed to determine the opinions and experiences of family physicians regarding the practice of obtaining reported drugs directly from the pharmacy during the Covid-19 pandemic period. Materials and Methods: The research is of cross-sectional type. The population of the research consisted of 427 family physicians who are actively working in Şanlıurfa and are members of Şanlıurfa Association of Family Physicians (ŞUAHED). 206 family physicians participated in the study. Research data were collected with a structured questionnaire. The application of the questionnaire was done electronically using the ŞUAHED communication phrase. Results: It was determined that 94.2% of family physicians were satisfied or very satisfied with the application. As the positive aspects of the application; As the negative aspects of the application; It was determined that 2 different answers were given regarding the concern that the drug did not reach the patient and the vulnerability, and these were between 46.1 and 68.4%, and there was a response regarding the continued administration of the drugs that were removed from the treatment, and this was at the level of 59.2%. Conclusions: Significant experience has been gained with the application. The application should not be used only as a crisis application. It should be added to the health system by making arrangements for its negative aspects and improvements for its positive aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of our study is to compare laparoscopic and abdominal myomectomies performed in our clinic and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic myomectomies. Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated 314 cases who were threated with myomectomy operation in our clinic between 2012-2022. All of the cases were divided into two groups with respect to the surgical procedure performed. 314 patients were in the abdominal myomectomy group, 47 patients were in the laparoscopic myomectomy group and the groups were compared. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic data (p>0.05). When the groups were evaluated in terms of postoperative white blood cell(WBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet values, operation time, hospitalisation time, postoperative blood transfusion and perioperative complications, no statistically significant difference was observed (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant difference in terms of preoperative WBC and CRP values between the groups, but postoperative WBC and CRP values were lower in the laparoscopic myomectomy group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Laparoscopic myomectomy has a short recovery time and aesthetic advantage. However, equipment and the need of experienced surgeons limit its applicability. With the development of laparoscopic technologies and increasing the experience of surgeons with laparoscopic surgery, it will provide a serious advantage over the abdominal method in terms of less blood loss, less hospital stay, shorter operation times, less trauma and better cosmetic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes and complications of Olympus and Karl Storz bipolar transurethral bladder resection in the treatment of bladder tumors in non-invasive bladder cancer patients. Materials and Methods: After obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee (Decision No. 2023/5-17), all patients who underwent transurethral bladder tumor resection using Olympus and Karl Storz bipolar systems between January 01, 2019 and February 28, 2023 were evaluated. The demographic data of the patients, transfusion requirement, tumor size, and perioperative complications were compared. Results: It was observed that out of the 75 patients included in the study, 45 were operated on with Olympus, and 30 were operated on with Karl Storz. In the Olympus group, the change in hemoglobin (hgb) was found to be 1.11±0.61 gr/dl, while in the Karl Storz group, it was 1.35±0.82 gr/dl, and no statistically significant difference was observed (p= 0.180). Tumor size was 3.20±1.55 cm in the Olympus group and 4.20±2.79 cm in the Karl Storz group. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of obturator reflex, presence of bladder perforation, blood transfusion, and postoperative clot retention. Conclusions: The use of both bipolar systems' technology is safe and effective in the transurethral resection of non-invasive bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It was aimed to present the knowledge, awareness levels and clinical follow-up data of the hepatitis B infected healthcare workers about hepatitis B virus in our hospital. Materials and Methods: In this study, HBsAg positivity among healthcare workers who were screened by Occupational Health and Safety Unit at Batman Training and Research Hospital between 01.01.2022 and 31.12.2022 were referred to the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology outpatient clinic. The demographic characteristics of the workers, the current status of hepatitis B, the vaccination status of family members, the history of sharp injuries, and the answers to the questions about the stigma exposure due to hepatitis B were evaluated. The results of advanced laboratory tests related to hepatitis B of the patients were analyzed. Results: HBsAg positivity was detected in 69 (3.2%) of the 2148 workers who were screened. The mean age of workers was 38.55±9.21 years (min-max: 20-60), 52 (75.4%) were male. The majority of those with HBsAg positivity (n=25, 36.2%) were nurses/midwives/health officials, followed by cleaning staff (n=16, 23.2%). The diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection was first determined during occupational screening (55.2%) and secondly during family screening. It was determined that 44.8% of the workers had a history of sharp injuries, 23.3% had viral serological examinations after injury, and only 13.3% had the serology of the source checked. It was observed that 14 (20.9%) workers diagnosed of hepatitis B did not tell other healthcare workers about their diagnosis. It was found that of those with HBsAg positivity 28 (41.8%) never came to the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology or Gastroenterology outpatient controls, 10 (14.9%) rarely came, and 8 (11.6%) received treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Conclusions: In this study, the fact that healthcare workers did not go to outpatient follow-ups at regular intervals for further examination and treatment despite the suspicion of hepatitis B infection with life-threatening chronic complications or the known disease suggests that they do not have sufficient awareness of the disease. In addition, the lack of serological control of the source when exposed to sharps injuries is an important problem of preventing infectious diseases. The data of the study reveal that training for workers should be given more importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self-efficacy and health literacy levels of nursing students are very important in terms of accessing, understanding, evaluating and applying health-related information. The aim of this study is to examine nursing students' perceptions of general self-efficacy, health literacy and influencing factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the nursing department of a public university between 01-11 November 2022. The population of the descriptive study consisted of 627 students and the sample consisted of 519 (82.7%) students. The data were collected by face-to-face interview technique. Introductory information form prepared by the researchers, General Proficiency Scale and Health Literacy Scale were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, t test for independent groups, Mann Whitney U Test, Analysis of Variance, Kruskal Wallis Analysis and Correlation Analysis were performed. Before starting the study, permission was obtained from the ethics committee, the institution and the participants. Results: The average age of the students is 21.10±2.59, 70.5% of them are women and 63% of them have less income than their expenses. 51.3% of the participants stated that they perceive their health at a moderate level, 7.9% have a chronic disease, 4.4% have mental problems, 13.1% smoke, 19.5% drink alcohol, 74.2% do regular exercise. The students' general self-efficacy scale mean score was 52.07±3.18, and the health literacy scale mean score was 102.94 ± 16.95. Self-efficacy scale mean score (t=2.695, p=.007) and health literacy scale mean score (t=4.719, p=.000) of the women participating in the study were significantly higher. Self-efficacy scale mean score (t=-2.026, p=.043) and health literacy scale mean score (t=4.496, p=.000) of the students who exercised were found to be significantly higher. A very weak and negative negative correlation was found between the general self-efficacy scale and the health literacy scale (r=.-114, p=.010). Conclusions: It is seen that the general self-efficacy perceptions and health literacy levels of the students are not at the desired level. Interventional nursing studies are recommended to increase students' general self-efficacy perceptions and health literacy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the retrospective analysis of sociodemographic characteristics of patients with Placenta Percreta. Materials and Methods: The files of the patients who were operated on in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Harran University Research and Application Hospital between March 2021 and March 2022 and who were diagnosed with placenta percrata histopathologically were reviewed retrospectively, and the sociodemographic data obtained were recorded in the information forms prepared by us. The socio-demographic characteristics obtained from the information forms were statistically analyzed. Results: The meanage of 110 patients participating in the study was 31.18 ±5.55, the average weight was 67.18 ±11.96, the average height was 156.54 ± 4.48, the mean body mass index was 25,8 ±2.7 .The gravida of the patients was 4.81±2.37, the parity was 3.27±1.69, and the cesarean section number was 3.22±1.68. It was observed that the patients mostly resided in the village (50%), most of them had greencards (50%), 90% of them never smoked, nobody used alcohol, and the majority of them were illiterate (40.9%). When the occupational employment status of the patients was examined, it was observed that the majority of them (94.5%) did not work. When the citizens hipstatus of the patients was examined, it was observed that 82.7% were citizens of the Republic of Turkey and 17.3% were Syrian nationals. Conclusions: In conclusion, placenta perkrata is among the important causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study is the first to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of placenta perkrata patients. At the end of the study, it was observed that these patients mostly lived in rural are asand the number of cesarean sections was quite high. Since placenta percreta is among the important causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, placenta percreta can be reduced by increasing education and health literacy about birth control methods, especially for mothers living in rural areas. By raising awareness in this way, maternal deaths can be prevented as well as maternal morbidity and maternal mortality can be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The emergency department (ED) is unique in cases of death. However, ED outcomes for young age deaths have not been widely reported in literatures. We aimed to examine the young adult deaths of an academic ED and its precursor. Materials and Methods: The study includes a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 256 consecutive deaths of young adults aged 18-45 years who applied to ED between 2018-2023. Chi-Square Tests were used to analyze the relationship between variables, Mann Whitney U test was used for bivariate data analysis, Kruskal Wallis H test was used for more than two data analysis. Statistically, p>0.05 was considered significant. Results: 66.4% (n=170) of the cases were male, 33.6% (n=87) were female, mean age was 30.84 (18-45) and mean cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) time was 41.48 (0-240) minutes. It was found that 82.8% (n=212) of the cases were admitted by ambulance. 12:01-18:00 hours were the most intense admission interval with 39.8% (n=102). It was determined that there was no significant relationship between the time of arrival in the ED and the cause of death (p>0.05), When the causes of death are trauma 21.1% (n=54), organ failure10.5% (n=27), and cardiac7% (n=18) causes, are aligned respectively. The most common complaints of the cases to the ED were trauma 18.4% (n=47), shortness of breath 18%(n=46) and sudden loss of consciousness 9.4% (n=24) and unconsciousness 9.4% (n=24). Conclusions: Our research has multiple results. The primary result is that trauma, cardiac and other medical causes came first place in young deaths, respectively. It is important to develop institutional policies to increase the survival rate for preventable young deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 disease (coronavirus disease-2019) is a disease caused by the coronavirus (CoV) family, which carries a ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome. Although the lung is the most frequently involved organ in COVID-19 disease, the gastro-intestinal system and liver (liver) can also be affected. In this study, we aimed to evaluate liver laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: In the study, transaminase (AST, ALT) and cholestasis (ALP, GGT) enzymes and albumin levels at the first admission of 300 COVID-19 patients who applied to our hospital between 01.10.2020 and 01.12.2021 were examined. Our patients were examined in two groups as those followed in the ward and those followed in the intensive care unit (ICU). The laboratory results of the patients were evaluated and comparisons were made. Results: 173 (57.7%) of the patients were male, 127 (42.3%) were female and their mean age was 53 (min 18 - max 95) years. 266 (88.7%) of the patients were followed in the service, the other 34 (11.3%) patients needed to be followed up in the intensive care unit (ICU). were followed up in the intensive care unit (ICU). The total follow-up period of all patients was 7.2 (min 1 - max 23) days. It was observed that the mean follow-up time of patients who needed ICU (9.6 [min 6 - max 14]) was significantly longer than those followed in the service (6.5 [min 1 - max 17]) (p = 0.001). 69% of the patients had AST elevation, 29% had ALT elevation, 16.3% had ALP elevation and 28.3% had GGT elevation, whereas albumin rate was found to be low in 19.3% of the patients. When compared with the patients followed in the service; AST (p = 0.033), GGT (p = 0.016) and ALP (p = 0.006) values were found to be higher in patients followed in the intensive care unit, whereas albumin (p = 0.022) values were found to be lower. Conclusions: When liver damage develops due to COVID-19, it was seen that AST, ALT, GGT and albumin abnormalities were seen, respectively. When liver damage developed due to COVID-19, it was observed that especially AST values were affected more frequently and more than cholestasis enzymes. It was determined that AST, GGT and ALP increased more in those who needed ICU compared to the patients who were hospitalized in the service. Although it is thought that the COVID-19 disease agent is not hepatotropic, monitoring of transaminase and cholestasis enzymes, especially in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients, guides the evaluation of liver damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Various inflammatory biomarkers have been associated with increased risk of severe disease, termed "cytokine storm," in COVID-19 patients. In this study, it was aimed to investigate whether there is significant difference in terms of inflammatory markers such as lymphocyte count, CRP, sedimentation, ferritin, gender and age between the patients who recovered and died. Materials and Methods: In our study, we used routine laboratory test results from patients in diagnosis and treatment process between 03.04.2020-31.12.2020. We investigated CRP, sedimentation, fibrinogen, ferritin, troponin-I, D-dimer and hemogram parameters retrospectively. We searched for statistical significance based on the parameters in the first admission blood. Results: Which included 213 patients with positive PCR test, 83 died from COVID-19-related causes, while the others were discharged. Except for the platelet counts, we found a statistically significant difference in the others. These tests were higher in patients who died at the time of first presentation. The biomarkers with the best performance in predicting ROC curve survival were Troponin-I, CRP, Ferritin, Neutrophil, and D-dimer. There was a significant difference in favor of males in mortality rates by gender. When the patients are examined, it can be said that mortality increases with age. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global disaster with high complication, mortality and more economic impact. In this process, cost-effective and appropriate indicators were needed to simplify the diagnostic process and assess disease severity. Recent studies showed how biomarkers could change with COVID-19 severity. These results can be used as an aid in clinical practice to determine treatment, guide ICU admission, and predict clinical course. Troponin-I, CRP, D-dimer, LDH and are interesting biomarkers that can be used for short-term risk stratification of patients admitted with COVID-19. More research on the prognostic value of biomarkers is needed to increase reliability and reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most of the family factors that are thought to determine the course of the disease are examined with in the concept of Emotion Expression. The concept of theory of mind is the ability to understand and predict other people's emotions, intentions and mentally represent them. In this study, it is aimed to determine the emotion expressions and mind theory functions of first degree relatives of bipolar disorders patient relatives and to investigate their relations with each other. Materials and Methods: The study included 95 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder according to DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) diagnostic criteria and the same number of relatives. Socio-demographic and clinical data form was used to evaluate patients with bipolar disorder and their relatives. To assess the theory of mind skills of the patients' relatives, mind reading test and emotional expression scale were used. Short Functioning Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the functionality of the patients. Results: The study included 95 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder type-1 according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. 55 (57.9%) of the participants were female and 40 (42.1%) were male. 30 (31.6%) were single, 63 (66.3%) were married and 2 (2.1%) were divorced. A negative correlation was found between the mental reading test scores of the patient's relatives and the emotional expression scale scores (r: -0,621, p<0,001). A negative correlation was found between the eyes test scores of the relatives of the patients and the short functionality assessment scale scores of the patients (r:-0,618, p:<0,001). A significant positive correlation was determined between the emotional expression scale scores of the relatives of the patients and the the short functionality assessment scale scores of the patients (r: 0,630, p:<0,001). Conclusions: As a result of the study, it was determined that the beter the theory of mind skills of the relatives of the patients, the lower the emotional expressions to the patient, the worse the patient's relatives theory of mind skills determined by eyes test, the higher the emotional expression to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Magnesium sulfate is an important electrolyte used in the prevention of major arrhythmias. Magnesium supplementation is generally preferred in cardiac surgery in order to increase the response to potassium supplementation and to prevent the formation of atrial fibrillation. In this study, the effect of magnesium on postoperative arrhythmias in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery was investigated. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups. 10 cc magnesium sulfate was added to the prime solution of the patients in the study group (n=15). 5 cc magnesium sulfate was added to the prime solution of the patients in the control group (n=15). Blood samples were taken preoperatively before the application of magnesium sulfate, intraoperatively after adding magnesium sulfate to the prime solution, and within the first 4 hours postoperatively. Results: The difference between the study and control groups in the demographic data of the patients was not found to be statistically significant. (p>0.05). When the groups were compared in terms of atrial fibrillation in the postoperative period, no major arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation were observed in the study group (p>0.05). Atrial fibrillation was seen in 33.3% of the patients in the control group (p<0.05) and was found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: In patients with similar demographic data and who will undergo cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, it is thought that increasing the magnesium sulfate values applied in cardiopulmonary bypass applications and added to the prime solution and giving a higher dose to the patient are effective on postoperative atrial fibrillation and arrhythmias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Midwifery is a profession that integrates scientific, artistic, and ethical values at the most critical moments of a life. It is of importance how the concepts of "midwife" and "midwifery" are perceived by future health professionals. In this context, the study aims to uncover through metaphors the midwifery students' perceptions of the concepts "midwife" and "midwifery" and the standing of these concepts in their semantic world. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the pattern of qualitative research and phenomenology. Study group consisted of the students at the Department of Midwifery, Mardin Artuklu University in the spring term of the academic year 2021-2022. The data was obtained through each student completing the sentence "Midwife/midwifery is like/looks like ... Because ...". 89 students volunteered to participate in the study. The data was analysed through content analysis. Results: According to the study results, students generated 39 different metaphors for midwife and 53 for midwifery. Metaphors for midwife are grouped under six conceptual themes, namely "blessed", "a member of the family", "guide", "strong", "helpful", and "versatile". Metaphors for midwifery are explained under seven themes, namely "guiding", "spiritual", "needed", "ancient", "versatile", manager and protector" and "promising". Conclusions: Since midwifery is a fundamental discipline in improving maternal and infant health, students' perceptions of midwife and midwifery are crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues have been widely used in the treatment of patients with central precocious puberty (CPP) for many years. In previous studies regarding the effects of GnRH analogues therapy on body mass index (BMI), conflicting results have been obtained. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of GnRH analogues therapy on BMI in girls diagnosed with CPP. Materials and Methods: In the study, a total of 145 female patients, who were treated and followed up due to CPP between September 2016 and June 2021, were included. In the retrospective review of medical records of the patients, age at admission, height, weight, BMI and standard deviation scores (SDS), bone age, Tanner stage, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, estradiol (E2) levels and the peak LH level in the GnRH stimulation test in the beginning and after the first year of treatment were evaluated. Results: The mean age of 145 patients with central precocious puberty in the beginning of treatment was 7.27±0.97 years, and the mean bone age was 9.12±1.10 years. At the beginning of treatment, 118 (81.38%) of the patients were at a normal weight or underweight, and 27 (18.62%) patients were overweight or obese. In terms of stages of puberty, 109 (75.17%) of the patients were Tanner stage 2, 30 (20.69%) patients were Tanner stage 3, and 6 (4.14%) patients were Tanner stage 4. While the mean BMI-SDS of all patients was 0.11±0.99 before the treatment, it increased significantly (p<0.001) by the end of the first year of treatment and was found as 0.35 ± 0.95. While the mean BMI-SDS of patients who were at a normal weight or underweight was -0.21± 0.78 before the treatment, it was found as 0.09±0.84 after the treatment (p < 0.001). The initial BMI-SDS of overweight or obese patients was 1.53±0.40, and it was found as 1.48±0.49 after the treatment (p=0.412). Conclusions: cious puberty increased the BMI-SDS in patients who were at a normal weight or underweight, but it did not cause any change in patients who were overweight or obese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most traumatic vertebral fractures occur in the thoracolumbar junction, lumbar spine, less frequently in the middle thoracic and upper thoracic spine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the retrospective multifactorial evaluation of cases who underwent vertebral stabilization after acute traumatic thoracolumbar fractures. Materials and Methods: Between 2020-2022, 60 patients who underwent vertebral stabilization after acute traumatic thoracolumbar fractures were evaluated postoperatively. Each patient Clinical data, type and location of fracture, presence of neurological damage, pre- and postoperative radiological measurements, post-operative complications, reoperation, Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen Spine and American Spinal Injury Association classification data were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 33.5+16.2. When the trauma etiology of the patients was examined, falling was the most common with 68.3%, car traffic accident and suicide were the second most common with 13.3%, and non-vehicle traffic accident was observed with 3.3%. Considering the localization, trauma L1 fracture was observed in 20 patients. Type B fractures were seen in 28 patients. While no complications were observed in 53 patients, revision surgery was performed in 5 patients. It was observed that the postoperative neurological examination of the patient with preoperative American Spinal Injury Association A did not change. Conclusions: Thoracolonbar fractures usually occur after high-energy trauma. It is frequently seen in the thoracolumbar junction and causes neurological deficits. Neurological recovery is limited in patients with complete deficits. However, neurological improvement can be observed in incomplete fractures. Treatment of patients should be started immediately and they should be allowed to return to their routine life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the mRNA expression levels of ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS15 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients and the effects of TNF-α/MAPK and IL-1β/NFkB signaling pathways on the regulation of the expression of these genes. Materials and Methods: 15 PsO and 15 PsA patients and 15 healthy individuals (control) were included in the study. After PBMCs were isolated from venous blood, ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS15 mRNA expression levels were measured by Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: It was found that ADAMTS9 mRNA expression in PBMCs did not change between groups, while the level of ADAMTS15 mRNA expression increased significantly in the PsA group compared to the control and PsO groups. ADAMTS9 expression was observed not changed in the control and PsA groups in response to TNF-α stimulation, but decreased in the PsO group. However; TNF-α stimulation led to an increase in ADAMTS15 expression in the control group but did not change in the PsO and PsA groups. It has been revealed that the formation of TNF-α response and related changes in ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS15 expressions were regulated by MAP kinase genes (Erk1/2, p38 and JNK). ADAMTS9 expression was determined not affected by IL-1β stimulation, however; ADAMTS15 mRNA expression was decreased only in the PsA group. In addition, NFkB signaling molecule was involved in the formation of the IL-1β response and the regulation of ADAMTS15 expression. Conclusions: ADAMTS15 expression increased in PBMCs of PsA patients is regulated by the IL-1β/NFkB signaling pathway. An increase in ADAMTS15 mRNA expressin level may play a role in PsA pathogenesis. Furthermore, the expression level of ADAMTS15 has a potential to be used as an important biomarker in monitoring the risk of PsA development for PsO patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To determine the clinical and histopathological characteristics of malignant tumors of the eyelid in terms of our region. Materials and Methods: 120 patients' files who were diagnosed with malignant eyelid tumor and followed up between January 2018 and September 2021 were scanned retrospectively in our clinic. Demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical and histopathological diagnoses, methods and follow-up results in surgical cases were recorded from the patients' files. Excisional biopsy material was obtained in all patients who underwent surgery. Results: 120 cases were included in the study. 54 (45%) of the patients were male and 66 (55%) were female. The mean age was 62.5 (35-80) years. The mean follow-up term was 20,4 months (3-36 months) for all cases. In 80% (n=96) of malignant eyelid tumors, clinical preliminary diagnosis and histopathological examination results were found to be compatible. Preoperative clinical diagnosis and postoperative histopathological diagnosis differed in 24 cases (20%). The recurrence rate was found to be 3% in all of our patients. The recurrence rates were 2% in Basal Cell Carcinoma cases and 5% in Squamous Cell Carcinoma cases. Considering the location of the tumors, 80 patients had left eyelid involvement and 40 patients had right eyelid involvement. Conclusions: Surgical excision and histopathological examination in malignant eyelid tumors are the most accurate and reliable options as they provide both diagnosis and treatment at the same time. When a malignant eyelid tumor is suspected, patients should be referred to an oculoplastic surgeon experienced in ocular oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hand cleaning is one of the most critical preventive methods against Coronavirus Disease-2019 cross-transmission. Frequent use of soap and hand washing can cause skin damage and lead to hand eczema. The aim of our study is to investigate the incidence of hand eczema in children and associated factors during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic. Materials and Methods: We distributed a self-administered online survey to the families of the children in Adıyaman, Turkey. The survey included questions about hand eczema-associated symptoms and risk factors before and during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic. In order to question the hand eczema-associated symptoms, the presence of the following findings was questioned: Dryness, itching, erythema, desquamation, pain/burning, oozing. A participant was included in the hand eczema-associated symptoms group if he/she reported one or more these symptoms. Results: One hundred thirty-three mothers answered the survey. The median age of the children was 12 (interquartile range=5-14.5) years, and 50.4% of the children were girls and 49.6% were boys. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of hand eczema-associated symptoms increased from 14.4% to 29.7% in children and from 32.3% to 46.6% in mothers (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). Children with and without hand eczema-associated symptoms were compared to determine risk factors for occurrence of hand eczema-associated symptoms in children. The hand eczema-associated symptoms in the mothers, employed mothers and use of hand disinfectant were higher in the children with hand eczema-associated symptoms group (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.013, respectively). Then these three factors, which were statistically significant in univariate analyzes, were compared with the multivariate logistic regression test. The presence of hand eczema-associated symptoms in the mother was found to be only independent risk factor for the presence of hand eczema-associated symptoms in her children (p<0.001; odds ratio=30.42; confidence interval=5.41-170.99). Conclusions: In our study, we found that the incidence of hand eczema-associated symptoms in children and their mothers increased during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic. Maternal hand eczema-associated symptoms were found to be only independent risk factor for increased incidence of hand eczema-associated symptoms in children. Proper education and preventive strategies for hand eczema are needed for both parents and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, candida species isolated from clinical samples of patients treated in intensive care units and other inpatient clinics pre-pandemic period (PPP) (April 1, 2018-March 31, 2020) and patients treated in COVID-19 intensive care units and other inpatient clinics during the pandemic period (PP) (1 April 2020-31 March 2022) were retrospectively examined. It was aimed to describe the variation of candida species and their antifungal susceptibility in PP according to PPP and contribute to our country's epidemiological data. Materials and Methods: Conventional methods and VITEK 2 (Biomerieux, France) automated system were used to identify candida species and determine their antifungal susceptibility. Species identifications of non-Candida albicans isolates were confirmed by the MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany) automated system. Antifungal susceptibilities were evaluated using the VITEK 2 automated system and gradient test strips (BioMerieux E test, France). Results: Fungal strains were detected in 125 (2%) of the clinical samples that came to our laboratory in the pre-pandemic period, and in 157(2.9%) during the PP. The increase in Candida isolates was statistically significant (p=0.007). It was observed that the growth rates in urine culture, blood culture and aspirate cultures increased in PP compared to PPP. The mean age of patients with candida isolated in PP is 70.86±14.53. An increase in the rates of male patients was observed in PP compared to PPP. Compared to PPP, an increase was observed in C.parapsilosis, C.glabrata and C.tropicalis species, and a decrease in C.kefyr species in PP. C.ciferrii, C.dubliniensis, C.sphaerica and C.zeylanoides have been isolated only in PP. It was observed that the susceptibility of C. albicans to amphotericin B, anidulafungin and voriconazole decreased in PP, and the susceptibilities of fluconazole, flucytosine and micafungin were increased. C.albicans, C.glabrata, C.parapsilosis, C.tropicalis isolates were observed to have decreased sensitivity to amphotericin B, anidulafungin and caspofungin in PP compared to PPP. Conclusions: It has been observed that there is an increase in secondary candida infections due to the prolonged hospitalization period and high-level steroid use in COVID-19 patients compared to the PPP. Our data revealed an increase in non-C.albicans species, particularly in C.parapsilosis, C.glabrata and C.tropicalis species, in agreement with other similar studies reported. The decrease in echinocandin and amphotericin B susceptibility in candida species suggests the necessity of rational antifungal use. Updating and presenting the changes in Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility at regular intervals is important for clinicians' empirical antifungal treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since poisoning cases cause serious mortality in childhood, the management of the sick child has a priority and special place in all countries. The age distribution of poisoning cases, the diversity of factors, as well as the type of poisoning predominant in which age groups, and accordingly, the frequency of suicide in poisoning cases in adolescence were investigated. Materials and Methods: In our study, patients who were followed up in the pediatric intensive care unit of our hospital for acute poisoning within three years between 2016-2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of 468 poisoning cases hospitalized in the intensive care unit, 259 (55.3%) were female and 209 (44.7%) were male. There were 183 (39.1%) cases aged 1-3 years, and 14 (3.0%) cases at least 9-12 years old, all of which were accidental. In suicidal poisonings, 109 (96.4%) patients were >13 years old, 4 (3.5%) patients were 12 years old, and 83 (73.4%) of these 113 patients were girls and 30 (26.6%) ) were followed as male. It was observed that cases of suicidal poisoning were more common in female patients. When the drugs taken were classified into groups, it was observed that paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other antipyretics 115 (20.6%) were taken the most. No mortality was observed in the intensive care follow-ups. Conclusions: When the ages of the poisoning cases were examined, it was observed that the drugs and chemical substances that could cause poisoning were not stored in sufficiently safe environments, since the group under the age of 3 was the most common. The fact that poisonings due to suicide are more common in girls shows that girls are more affected by factors such as family, school and social events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Civil war in Syria that started in 2011 has caused death and injuries of thousands of people. Head trauma is one of the most important surgical emergencies both in wartimes and out of wartimes. Materials and methods: A total of 75 patients (58 males and 17 females) who presented with head trauma due to gunshot injuries such as bullet and shrapnel during the Syrian war between 2014 and 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients who had neurological and radiological examinations were included in the study. Results: Twenty (26.67%) of 75 patients admitted to our hospital due to head trauma with penetrating gunshot died. The mortality rate of patients with brain parenchymal hemorrhage was found to be significantly higher than those without (p<0.001). The mortality rate of patients with brain edema was found to be significantly higher than those without (p=0.003). In addition, the mortality rate in patients with ventricular hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage were found to be significantly higher than those without (p=0.081 for ventricular hemorrhage, p=0.056 for subarachnoid hemorrhage). Conclusion: Radiological imaging makes an important contribution to creating the necessary data in the first intervention in patients with head trauma injured by gunshot, in the decision of surgical emergency intervention if necessary, and in the management of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was planned to investigate the effect of plastic adhesive dressing in preventing surgical site infection in cases undergoing appendectomy. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients between 20 and 60 years old patients who underwent appendectomy were included in the study. 30 of the patients were divided into two groups as experiment and 30 as control group. The operation area of the patients in the experimental group was stained with 10% povidone iodine in an antiseptic solution and covered with a sterile adhesive cover and their operations were performed. In the control group, the operation area was stained only with antiseptic solution povidone iodine. In both groups, the incision areas were dressed with 10% povidone iodine at the end of the operation and once a day in the first 48 hours. Sociodemographic data of the patients were evaluated in terms of surgical site infection in the postoperative period, both with clinical (redness, tenderness, discharge temperature, edema, body temperature) and laboratory data. Results were evaluated using chi- square and t tests. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant in all tests. Results: In the study, there was no significant difference between the diagnostic characteristics of the patients in the experimental and control groups and the infection findings on the 2nd and 15th days after surgery (p> 0.5). There was no evidence of infection in either group. Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that adhesive surgical dressings did not provide additional benefit in terms of preventing infection compared to standard dressings in preventing surgical field infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the demographic data and trauma mechanisms of pediatric patients aged 0-18 years who presented to our emergency department due to blunt abdominal trauma and developed solid organ damage. Materials and Methods: Demographic data, trauma mechanisms, and affected solid organs of 70 pediatric patients aged between 0-18 years old who were admitted to our emergency department due to blunt trauma between January 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results : Of the 70 children included in the study, 51 (72.9%) were male and 19 (27.1%) were female. Among the age groups, the 0-6 age group was the most exposed to trauma. The most frequent application time was 08:00-15:59. The most common cause of injury was falling from a height, followed by traffic accidents. While the number of applications increased in the summer months, this rate decreased in the winter months. The most frequently injured solid organ was the liver with 44.3%. The most common injury accompanying solid organ damage was thoracic injury with 18.5%. Conclusions: In child traumas, falls from a height and traffic accidents continue to be the most common traumas that cause solid organ damage. In the light of these data we have determined, we think that the trainings to be made and the protective measures to be taken will reduce these rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to evaluate the general characteristics, clinical and laboratory data of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients followed in our clinic. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective, single center, cross-sectional study; 114 HIV/AIDS patients who admitted to our outpatient clinic between January 2020 and June 2022 were included. Results: 81.6% of the cases were male and the median (25-75th percentile) age was 34 (29-43) years. The most common mode of transmission was sexual intercourse (57.9% heterosexual, 37.7% homosexual). Considering the diagnostic reasons one by one; the majority of patients had diagnosed with clinical findings (31.6%). The median HIV-RNA before treatment was 49786.5 IU/mL, and the median CD4 was 322 cells/mm3. When patients were classified according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Surveillance Criteria; 21 patients were diagnosed at Stage 1, 58 patients at Stage 2, and 28 patients at Stage 3. The Clinical categories were; category A in 85 patients, category B in 22 patients and category C (AIDS) in seven patients. The most seen co-infections at presentation were genital condyloma (22.8%) and syphilis (17.5%). HLA-B57 test was positive in two patients. Osteopenia was found in 51 (44.7%) and osteoporosis in six (5.3%) of 104 patients who underwent bone densitometry. Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody was positive in 57.9% of the patients. The most preferred antiretroviral treatment regimen was Tenofovir disoproxil/Emtricitabine/Dolutegravir, and the most ongoing was Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine/Bictegravir. Conclusion: As a result, albeit the incidence of HIV/AIDS is decreasing in the world, it is increasing in our country. However, in passing years, it has been observed that our patients express their sexual identities more easily and therefore the rate of those whose transmission route is unknown has decreased. In addition, as a result of early diagnosis, the incidence of AIDS and opportunistic infections have decreased, but rates of other sexually transmitted infections have increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, it was aimed to present the clinical symptoms, vaccination status, demographic and laboratory data of the healthcare workers diagnosed with COVID-19 in our hospital. Materials and methods: A total of 490 healthcare workers diagnosed with COVID-19 between April 2020 and August 2021 were included in the study. Results: Of the patients included in the study, 320 were male (65.30%) and 170 were female (34.70%) and the mean was 32.70±8.77 years. During the date of the study, 1484 healthcare professionals worked in our hospital and 490 (33.01%, 490/1484) were diagnosed with COVID-19. The most frequently diagnosed occupational groups were nurses (39.18%) and doctors (19.79%). It was determined that only 26 (5.3%) of the employees work in high-risk areas in terms of risk of contracting COVID-19. It was observed that 9.39% of the workers were asymptomatic. The most common symptoms were fatigue (71.84%), high fever (70.27%) and cough (69.05%). 9.59% of the patients were hospitalized and followed up. In 54.05% of these patients, there was infiltration compatible with COVID-19 in the thorax computed tomography. The most common findings in laboratory examinations are; LDH (28.95%) and CRP (27.78%) elevations. Conclusion: Healthcare workers are in the high risk group because of their close contact with patients during the pandemic process. In the study, it is seen that one out of every three healthcare workers is infected with the virus, which is a very high rate. The fact that only 5.3% of the employees diagnosed with COVID-19 are in the high risk group of COVID-19 shows how important the use of personal protective equipment is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It was aimed to evaluate the oncological outcomes in patients with primary Ta, high grade pathology, to determine possible risk factors for recurrence, and to show the effect of secondary TUR (re-TUR) on oncological outcomes. Materials and Methods: Data of patients who underwent TUR-BT in our clinic between January 2000 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with pTa, high grade or G3 urothelial carcinoma were included. The demographic and histopathological data, development of relapse and progression and their duration time were scanned. The patients were divided into two groups, those with and without recurrence, and those with re-TUR or not. Comparison of categorical variables was done with Pearson chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test. In quantitative data, Student's t-test was used for normally distributed variables and Mann-Whitney U test was used for others. Type I error probability was accepted as α = 0.05 for all tests. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with 95% CI were used to determine the effect of re-TUR on bladder tumor recurrence. Results: Total of 63 patients were male (87.5%) among 72 patients. 21 patients had recurrence and 4 patients had progression at 25 months of followup. Recurrence occurred in 14 patients (66.7%) within the first year. The majority of recurrent pathologies were pTa (82%) bladder tumors. Radical cystectomy and urinary diversion were applied to one of 2 patients with muscle invasion, and multimodal therapy was applied to the other. Occupational chemical exposure was statistically significantly higher in the recurrent group (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of recurrence-free survival between with and without re-TUR (p=0.432). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the negative effect of occupational chemical exposure on recurrence in highgrade pTa bladder cancers. Even 5 years after the first diagnosis, recurrence and progression can be observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is aimed to examine the knowledge and attitudes of mothers with 0-24 months old babies in the central districts of Şanlıurfa about breast milk and breastfeeding and to reveal the factors affecting breastfeeding. Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective cross-sectional study and was conducted in family health centers serving in the central districts of Şanlıurfa between November 2019 and April 2020. 383 women between the ages of 18-49 with 0-24 months old baby were included in the study. A questionnaire consisting of 40 questions was prepared by the researchers aiming to measure the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and their knowledge and attitudes about breast milk and breastfeeding. Results: The majority of the 383 participants (33.7%) were aged 25 and below, and at university level and higher (24.3%). The breastfeeding rate of mothers within the first hour is 50.9%, and the rate of feeding their babies with breast milk as the first food is 82%. 75.2% of the participants gave colostrum to their babies. Looking at breastfeeding times; 18% breastfed their babies for 4-6 months and 27% for 12-24 months. The source of information about breast milk and breastfeeding is mostly family physicians with a rate of 43.9%. Conclusions: According to the results of our study, half of the participants did not breastfeed their babies within the first hour, and 1/3 of them did not give colostrum to their babies. Average breast-feeding time rates are below the Turkey average. There is a need to develop remedial strategies, especially education and support services, in order for mothers to initiate and maintain breastfeeding effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health care workers are at occupational risk in terms of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus infections, which are transmitted as a result of sharp injuries. In this study, it is aimed to re-evaluate the precautions to be taken by examining the data on sharp injuries developed in health care workers in our hospital. Materials and Methods: The records in the notification forms kept by the Infection Control Committee were examined. Exposure to sharp injuries of healthcare workers who worked in our hospital between January 2015 and December 2021 was evaluated retrospectively. Data were reported as numbers and percentages. Results: A total of 143 health care workers with a mean age of 28.36±6.35 years had exposure to sharp injuries over a six-year period. The occupational group most exposed to injury was nurses (39.9%). Injuries were more common in clinical services (27.9%) and polyclinics (23.1%). The most common cause of injuries was the needle tip (61.7%) and the most frequently injured body part was the hand (76.9%). Percutaneous injuries were most common (67.1%) during the medical procedure. All injuries were superficial injuries. 73.4% of the healthcare workers used personal protective equipment during the incident. The source of 79.7% of injuries was known. Serological examination was performed in injuries of known origin. It was seen that 5.3% of them were positive for hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B, C and human immunodeficiency virus positivity was not detected in any of the workers in the serological examination performed immediately after the injury. In the serological examinations performed for hepatitis B virus infection, it was observed that the health care workers who were injured were immune at a rate of 98.6%. Conclusions: In our study, most of the injuries were caused by needle tip injuries to nurses working in clinical services, which have a more intense workload compared to other departments. It was pleasing that the rates of vaccination against the hepatitis B virus were high. Encouraging the use of personal protective equipment and implementing the medical waste control regulation are important in terms of preventing infections that may result from sharp injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pancreatic cancer is among those with the worst prognosis of all cancers. The Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 3 (TRIM3) gene, as a tumor suppressor gene, plays a role as a tumor suppressor by controlling the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TRIM3 gene at the mRNA level in AsPC1, BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: AsPC1, BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cell lines were cultured at 37°C in an environment containing 5% CO2 and total RNA was isolated. TRIM3 gene mRNA expression level was analyzed by Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method. Analysis of relative gene expression data was performed using the 2-ΔΔCT method. Results: The mRNA expression levels of TRIM3 were found to be very low in all three cell lines. In addition, when fold change was calculated, no difference was observed between cell lines. Conclusions: TRIM3 gene plays a role as a tumor suppressor gene in the process of carcinogenesis and it has been shown that TRIM3 expression is decreased in cancer cells. Consistent with other cancer types in the literature, TRIM3 mRNA expression was found to be very low in pancreatic cancer cells. Since this study is the only study investigating the relationship between AsPC1, BxPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines and TRIM3, it will shed light on future functional studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The cervical spine, which provides the connection between the head and the trunk, has an important anatomical position that contains many craniofacial structures. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the morphometric characteristics of the second cervical vertebra (C-2) in adults and to determine the gender-related differences. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out retrospectively in 89 patients (40 female, 49 male) aged 22 and over who applied to Çukurova University Radiology Department and had lateral craniofacial radiographs taken. The mean age of the individuals included in the study was 47.85 (48.15 for women, 47.61 for men). Ten parameters were measured on the images. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyzes of the data were made in SPSS 25.0. Results: It was determined that the men included in the study had higher height and weight measurements than women (p<0.05). When we look at the measurement parameters, the total height (TR), upper dens depth (UDD), lower dens depth (ADD), anterior vertebral body height (AVGY), posterior vertebral body height (AVGY) and horizontal anteroposterior length (ADD) in males are statistically higher than in females. was found to be higher (p<0.05). Conclusions: The morphometric features of the C-2 vertebrae and the differences in men and women were revealed. Considering these results, we believe that it can help clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and surgical operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gout is an inflammatory disease characterized by acute arthritis attacks, which occurs as a result of the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in the joints and tissues as a result of long-term hyperuricemia. In this study, demographic data and comorbid diseases of patients diagnosed with gout were investigated retrospectively. Materials and Methods: This study was performed retrospectively in Kahramanmaraş Necip Fazıl City Hospital Rheumatology Clinic between January 2020 and December 2021. Patients over the age of 18 who were diagnosed with gout according to the 2015 EULAR/ACR classification criteria were included in the study. Results: In totals, 110 patients who diagnosed gout were included, 77 of whom males (70%), 33 of whom females (30%).The mean age of the patients was 60.3. The most common joint involvement was observed in the first metatarsal and in 89 patients (80.9%). The most common comorbidity in patients with gout was Diabetes mellitus and evaluated in 77 patients (70%). The other comorbidities, Hypertension in 59 patients (53.6%), Chronic renal failure in 49 patients (44.5%), Hyperlipidemia in 42 patients (38.2%), coronary artery disease in 35 patients (31.8%), Cerebrovascular events was observed in two patients (1.8%). Mean laboratory parameters are as falloows: wbc: 8268, Hgb: 14.17 g / dl, uric acid: 7.79 mg / dl, sedimentation: 19.7 mm / hour, CRP: 8.5 mg / l, Urea: 41 mg / dl, creatinine :1.2mg/dl . As medical treatment, colchicine was used in 80 patients (72.7%), allopurinol was used in 104 patients (94.5%), and febuxostat was used in two patients (1.8%). The uric acid level was observed to be within the target value in 30 patients (27.3%) and not at the target value in 80 patients (72.7%). Conclusions: In this study, demographic data, comorbid diseases and medical treatment responses of gout patients were evaluated. These findings were found to be compatible with the literature. Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Chronic renal failure, Obesity and diet are the main risk factors for the disease. Metabolic diseases should also be considered in the treatment of gout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]