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Background: Schwannoma is a usually a benign tumor of nerve sheath origin, most frequently occurring in the neck, the head, and the extremities. Its occurrence in breast tissue is rare. There have been only 29 proven cases of breast schwannoma described in the literature. Cases: We describe the clinicopathologic presentation, imagery findings, and management of four cases of breast schwannoma treated with surgery and review those documented in the literature. All patients in this series are doing well without any evidence of recurrent disease. Conclusion: Breast schwannomas are usually well circumscribed, noninvasive, and show a benign appearance on imagery. Complete surgical excision is the best choice of treatment. (J GYNECOL SURG 28:385)

Background: The purpose of this report is to summarize the incidence, clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of central nervous system (CNS) metastases following ovarian carcinoma. CNS involvement by epithelial ovarian carcinoma is rare, but the incidence may be increasing. The prognosis is poor and a standard treatment is not well defined. Cases: Four patients with a past medical history of ovarian carcinoma presented with neurologic symptoms. Investigations revealed CNS metastases consistent with ovarian origin. The clinicopathologic presentation and the different treatments are reported here. The associated literature is also reviewed. Results: In this series, 3 patients died within a year of being diagnosed with CNS metastases, and 1 was lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Ovarian carcinoma is common, but rarely metastasizes to the CNS. Such metastases indicate poor prognosis. An aggressive multidisciplinary therapeutic approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy is reasonable...

Background: Here, we report the case of a patient with endometrial carcinoma stage IB who was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the vaginal vault 10 years after radiotherapy. Case: A 55-year-old female patient with endometrial carcinoma FIGO stage IB received pelvic irradiation and underwent surgery for her disease. After 10 years, she experienced vaginal bleeding and was subsequently diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the vaginal vault. No distant metastases were identified and the patient was not a candidate for surgery. She received chemotherapy using a combination of 5-fluoruracil and cisplatin, but it was ineffective. The patient is still alive with a progressive disease. Conclusion: Long-term follow-up and aggressive investigation, which even include tissue biopsy, are mandatory whenever patients with a past medical history of pelvic irradiation experience any pelvic symptoms in order to detect early occult second malignancies. (J GYNECOL SURG 29:56)

Background: Primary lymphomas affecting the female genital tract are uncommon; however, evidence is accumulating that these tumors are underdiagnosed, both because they are unexpected in these sites and because they are misdiagnosed as others lesions or malignant tumors. Cases: Three cases of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with signs and symptoms consistent with cancer of the lower genital tract (uterine corpus, uterine cervix, or vagina) and lacking the ‘‘B’’ symptoms often associated with systemic lymphoma such as fever, weight loss, night sweats, and fatigue. The clinicopathologic presentation, staging, and different treatments are presented. The associated literature is also reviewed. Results: All three patients were given chemotherapy and have remained well as of the time this article was written. Conclusions: An accurate diagnosis leads to the appropriate therapy, and improves prognosis. Therefore, it is important to include pelvic lymphomas in the differential diagnosis of ut...

Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) comprise a group of malignancies that are heterogeneous in terms of presentation, natural history, and prognosis. Primary NHL of the vagina is rare in immunocompetent females. Because of the low incidence of these lymphomas, standard treatment has not been defined. Case: A 34-year-old female patient with a primary vaginal NHL stage IE, with diffuse large-cell B lineage, had an excellent response to cytotoxic chemotherapy (rituximab, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, and prednisone) without surgery or radiotherapy. Results: After 2 years of follow-up, she did not have any recurrence. Conclusions: Conservative management, based on chemotherapy in primary genital lymphoma stages I-II may be the treatment of choice in patients who wish to preserve their fertility. (J GYNECOL SURG 28:1)

Background: Common sites of breast carcinoma metastasis are bone, lung, central nervous system, and the liver. Metastasis involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is less common and less often recognized, especially rectal metastasis. Cases: Two patients with past medical history of breast carcinoma presented with digestive symptoms. Investigations revealed a rectal metastasis of breast cancer. The clinicopathologic presentation and the different treatments. are presented. The associated literature is also reviewed. Results: One patient died within 1 year of the diagnosis of rectal metastasis, and the other patient was doing well at her last follow-up in November 2011. Conclusions: Breast carcinoma cells do metastasize to the rectum. Such metastasis must be suspected whenever a patient with a past history of breast cancer presents with GI symptoms. (J GYNECOL SURG 28:48)