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Medical professionals' negative attitudes toward patients with mental illness and substance abuse disorders can have negative consequences, and these attitudes are not rare. In surveys, patients have reported discrimination in mental health settings in the 16% to 44% range and 17% to 31% in physical health settings.1 More concerning than the perceived stigma experienced by patients is the potential for bias in medical decision making. For example, health care providers are less likely to refer people with mental illnesses for a mammogram, less likely to admit them for hospitalization after a diabetic crisis, and less likely to perform a cardiac catheterization.2 Stigmatizing beliefs also affect clinical decisions through diagnostic overshadowing, attributing physical symptoms to the mental condition and consequently not investigating or treating them.3 Although evidence suggests that patients with mental illnesses are no less likely to be adherent to treatment recommendations than others, health care professionals who endorsed more stigmatizing attitudes about mental illness were more likely to be pessimistic about the likelihood of patients adhering to treatment, and this contributed to impaired decision making.4