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A calculation model for estimating static behavior when a double sheet‐pile wall structure is subjected to horizontal force is proposed, and a comparison is made between the results of calculations and those of model tests to examine the validity of the calculation model. The calculation model is based on the theoretical solution obtained by assuming that the portion of the structure above ground level is a composite of sheet piles and sand fill and that the portion below ground level consists of sheet piles receiving horizontal resistance from the ground, taking into consideration the elasto‐plastic characteristics of the sand fill and the subsurface soils. The calculation results show good agreement with the test results and indicate that the calculation model can be effectively used for predicting the deformation of the wall, the bending moment of the sheet pile, and the tension of the tie‐rod, which are the most important items for structural design.

The results of model tests of 18 ground anchors vertically buried in sand are described in this paper. Also described are tests on half‐section model anchors which were tested to observe movement and behavior during uplift loading of the soil surrounding the anchors. Comparison tests were done to determine the influence of factors such as diameter, fixed anchor length, and buried depth on the uplift capacity of anchors. Two types of failures, deep and shallow, were observed in the tests. The tests showed that top resistance and skin resistance did not occur simultaneously. Peak skin resistance required very little anchor movement, while peak top resistance required substantially more movement. It is concluded that equations currently used to estimate anchor capacity by adding peak skin and top resistance should be modified. Based on the results of the model tests, and confirmed by field tests, an equation was developed for estimating uplift capacity and displacement of anchors.