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6 results on '"Penn State System"'

1. A model-data intercomparison of CO2exchange across North America: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis

Author

Lianhong Gu, Philippe Ciais, Erandathie Lokupitiya, Benjamin Poulter, Russell K. Monson, David Price, Yiqi Luo, Dan M. Riciutto, Changhui Peng, Zhengpeng Li, Guangsheng Chen, Longhui Li, T. Andrew Black, Kenneth J. Davis, Ian Baker, Michael Dietze, Christopher B. Williams, Hans Verbeeck, Alan G. Barr, Lawrence B. Flanagan, Ankur R. Desai, Marc Fischer, Roser Matamala, Shuguang Liu, Michael Sprintsin, David Y. Hollinger, Walter C. Oechel, Peter M. Lafleur, M. Altaf Arain, Robert F. Grant, R. Cesar Izaurralde, Harry McCaughey, Kevin Schaefer, William J. Riley, Beverly E. Law, Hank A. Margolis, Shashi B. Verma, A. K. Sahoo, Hanqin Tian, Siyan Ma, Ryan S. Anderson, Christopher J. Kucharik, Christian Tonitto, Christopher R. Schwalm, Jing M. Chen, Danilo Dragoni, Jianfeng Sun, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Environmental Sciences Division [Oak Ridge], Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, Department of Geographical Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Ocean University of China (OUC), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, San Diego State University (SDSU), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Auburn University (AU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Eddy covariance, UNITED-STATES, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL, DIOXIDE EXCHANGE, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), medicine, Ecosystem, Leaf area index, ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE, Ecology, LEAF-AREA INDEX, Paleontology, Biosphere, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST, Geophysics, Deciduous, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Climatology, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Ecosystem respiration, INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY, EDDY COVARIANCE DATA, PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY
Abstract

International audience; [1] Our current understanding of terrestrial carbon processes is represented in various models used to integrate and scale measurements of CO 2 exchange from remote sensing and other spatiotemporal data. Yet assessments are rarely conducted to determine how well models simulate carbon processes across vegetation types and environmental conditions. Using standardized data from the North American Carbon Program we compare observed and simulated monthly CO 2 exchange from 44 eddy covariance flux towers in North America and 22 terrestrial biosphere models. The analysis period spans ∼220 site-years, 10 biomes, and includes two large-scale drought events, providing a natural experiment to evaluate model skill as a function of drought and seasonality. We evaluate models' ability to simulate the seasonal cycle of CO 2 exchange using multiple model skill metrics and analyze links between model characteristics, site history, and model skill. Overall model performance was poor; the difference between observations and simulations was ∼10 times observational uncertainty, with forested ecosystems better predicted than nonforested. Model-data agreement was highest in summer and in temperate evergreen forests. In contrast, model performance declined in spring and fall, especially in ecosystems with large deciduous components, and in dry periods during the growing season. Models used across multiple biomes and sites, the mean model ensemble, and a model using assimilated parameter values showed high consistency with observations. Models with the highest skill across all biomes all used prescribed canopy phenology, calculated NEE as the difference between GPP and ecosystem respiration, and did not use a daily time step.

Published
2010

2. Initial validation of ozone measurements from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder

Author

Christopher L. Hepplewhite, Chris D. Boone, Brendan Torpy, Hyunah Lee, Jacquelyn C. Witte, B. Nardi, Alyn Lambert, James Craft, B. Bojkov, Thomas J. McGee, Anne M. Thompson, I. Stuart McDermid, Steven T. Massie, C. Halvorson, John C. Gille, Gene Francis, C. Craig, Jessica Valverde-Canossa, Peter F. Bernath, T. Eden, Thierry Leblanc, John J. Barnett, Douglas E. Kinnison, Charlie Krinsky, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Daniel Packman, Greg Young, Laurence Twigg, V. Lynn Harvey, James W. Hannigan, M. T. Coffey, W. Jolyon Reburn, C. Cavanaugh, Kaley A. Walker, V. Dean, Cora E. Randall, R. Khosravi, David N. Whiteman, Lucien Froidevaux, Joanne Loh, Alison Waterfall, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] ( NCAR ), Center for Limb Atmospheric Sounding ( CLAS ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] ( LASP ), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ( RAL ), Science and Technology Facilities Council ( STFC ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Penn State Meteorology Department, PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Service d'aéronomie ( SA ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Laboratorio de Quimica de Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] ( SSAI ), NASA contractNAS5-97046, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Center for Limb Atmospheric Sounding (CLAS), University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratorio de Química de la Atmosfera [Heredia] (LAQAT), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), and University of Oxford

Subjects
profiles, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Soil Science, Field of view, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, UTLS, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Radiative transfer, HIRDLS, AURA, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Remote sensing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], validation, OZONE, Ecology, ATMÓSFERA, Paleontology, Forestry, ATMOSPHERE, OZONO, ozone, Geophysics, Lidar, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Data analysis, Radiance, Environmental science, Satellite
Abstract

Comparisons of the latest High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) ozone retrievals (v2.04.09) are made with ozonesondes, ground-based lidars, airborne lidar measurements made during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–B, and satellite observations. A large visual obstruction blocking over 80% of the HIRDLS field of view presents significant challenges to the data analysis methods and implementation, to the extent that the radiative properties of the obstruction must be accurately characterized in order to adequately correct measured radiances. The radiance correction algorithms updated as of August 2007 are used in the HIRDLS v2.04.09 data presented here. Comparisons indicate that HIRDLS ozone is recoverable between 1 and 100 hPa at middle and high latitudes and between 1 and 50 hPa at low latitudes. Accuracy of better than 10% is indicated between 1 and 30 hPa (HIRDLS generally low) by the majority of the comparisons with coincident measurements, and 5% is indicated between 2 and 10 hPa when compared with some lidars. Between 50 and 100 hPa, at middle and high latitudes, accuracy is 10–20%. The ozone precision is estimated to be generally 5–10% between 1 and 50 hPa. Comparisons with ozonesondes and lidars give strong indication that HIRDLS is capable of resolving fine vertical ozone features (1–2 km) in the region between 1 and 50 hPa. Development is continuing on the radiance correction and the cloud detection and filtering algorithms, and it is hoped that it will be possible to achieve a further reduction in the systematic bias and an increase in the measurement range downward to lower heights (at pressures greater than 50–100 hPa). Las comparaciones de las últimas recuperaciones de ozono de High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) (v2.04.09) se realizan con ozonosondas, lidar terrestres, mediciones lidar aerotransportadas realizadas durante el Experimento B de transporte químico intercontinental y observaciones satelitales. Una gran obstrucción visual que bloquea más del 80 % del campo de visión de HIRDLS presenta desafíos significativos para los métodos de análisis de datos y su implementación, en la medida en que las propiedades radiativas de la obstrucción deben caracterizarse con precisión para corregir adecuadamente las radiancias medidas. Los algoritmos de corrección de radiancia actualizados en agosto de 2007 se utilizan en los datos de HIRDLS v2.04.09 presentados aquí. Las comparaciones indican que el ozono HIRDLS es recuperable entre 1 y 100 hPa en latitudes medias y altas y entre 1 y 50 hPa en latitudes bajas. Se indica una precisión superior al 10 % entre 1 y 30 hPa (HIRDLS generalmente bajo) en la mayoría de las comparaciones con mediciones coincidentes, y se indica un 5 % entre 2 y 10 hPa cuando se compara con algunos lidars. Entre 50 y 100 hPa, en latitudes medias y altas, la precisión es del 10 al 20 %. Se estima que la precisión del ozono es generalmente del 5 al 10 % entre 1 y 50 hPa. Las comparaciones con ozonosondas y lidar dan una fuerte indicación de que HIRDLS es capaz de resolver características finas de ozono vertical (1–2 km) en la región entre 1 y 50 hPa. Se continúa desarrollando la corrección de radiancia y los algoritmos de filtrado y detección de nubes, y se espera que sea posible lograr una mayor reducción en el sesgo sistemático y un aumento en el rango de medición hacia abajo a alturas más bajas (a presiones superiores a 50 –100hPa). Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica Escuela de Química

Published
2008

3. Summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America

Author

Lyatt Jaeglé, Daniel J. Jacob, R. C. Hudman, G. W. Sachse, Paul O. Wennberg, Ronald C. Cohen, Hanwant B. Singh, Michael Porter, Qing Liang, Alan Fried, Melody A. Avery, William H. Brune, Greg Huey, Xinrong Ren, Edward V. Browell, Jack E. Dibb, Solène Turquety, Henry E. Fuelberg, Donald R. Blake, Brian G. Heikes, Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Harvard University, Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), EOS Climate Change Research Center [Durham], Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space [Durham] (EOS), University of New Hampshire (UNH)-University of New Hampshire (UNH), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Department of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), and California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)

Subjects
Delta, Pollution, Atmospheric Science, roposphere: composition and chemistry, Asia, Chemical transport model, media_common.quotation_subject, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Pollution: urban and regional, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Stratosphere, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, media_common, Peroxyacetyl nitrate, Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry, Ecology, intercontinental transport, Paleontology, Forestry, ozone, Geophysics, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Middle latitudes, Atmospheric chemistry, Environmental science
Abstract

International audience; We analyze aircraft observations obtained during INTEX-A (1 July to 14 August 2004) to examine the summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America. By applying correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to the observations between 6 and 12 km, we find dominant influences from recent convection and lightning (13% of observations), Asia (7%), the lower stratosphere (7%), and boreal forest fires (2%), with the remaining 71% assigned to background. Asian air masses are marked by high levels of CO, O3, HCN, PAN, C2H2, C6H6, methanol, and SO42-. The partitioning of NOy species in the Asian plumes is dominated by PAN (∼600 pptv), with varying NOx/HNO3 ratios in individual plumes, consistent with individual transit times of 3-9 days. Export of Asian pollution occurred in warm conveyor belts of midlatitude cyclones, deep convection, and in typhoons. Compared to Asian outflow measurements during spring, INTEX-A observations display lower levels of anthropogenic pollutants (CO, C3H8, C2H6, C6H6) due to shorter summer lifetimes; higher levels of biogenic tracers (methanol and acetone) because of a more active biosphere; and higher levels of PAN, NOx, HNO3, and O3 reflecting active photochemistry, possibly enhanced by efficient NOy export and lightning. The high ΔO3/ΔCO ratio (0.76 mol/mol) in Asian plumes during INTEX-A is due to strong photochemical production and, in some cases, mixing with stratospheric air along isentropic surfaces. The GEOS-Chem global model captures the timing and location of the Asian plumes. However, it significantly underestimates the magnitude of observed enhancements in CO, O3, PAN and NOx.

Published
2007

4. Large upper tropospheric ozone enhancements above midlatitude North America during summer: In situ evidence from the IONS and MOZAIC ozone measurement network

Author

Steven L. Baughcum, N. Spichtinger, Paul J. Wooldridge, Xinrong Ren, Anne M. Thompson, Stuart A. McKeen, Anne E. Perring, Gary A. Morris, Thierry Leblanc, F. J. Schmidlin, Andreas Stohl, Jacquelyn C. Witte, Jennie L. Moody, Beverly J. Johnson, J. F. Meagher, I. S. McDermid, F. J. Fehsenfeld, Ronald C. Cohen, K. E. Pickering, Michael J. Newchurch, C. C. Brown, G. Forbes, Owen R. Cooper, Michael Trainer, S. J. Oltmans, Timothy H. Bertram, Philippe Nédélec, James H. Crawford, David W. Tarasick, William H. Brune, Solène Turquety, John T. Merrill, Guojun Chen, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Valparaiso], Valparaiso University, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept. of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Department of Chemistry [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, University of California, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], University of Rhode Island (URI), Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Atmospheric Science [Huntsville], University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), NASA Wallops Flight Facility (WFF), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology, ESRL Chemical Sciences Division [Boulder] (CSD), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Penn State System, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Hampton] (SSAI), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Technical University of Munich (TUM), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), University of Virginia, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ozone layer, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Mixing ratio, Tropospheric ozone, Stratosphere, NOx, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Ozone depletion, ozone, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, transport, Environmental science, lightning
Abstract

[1] The most extensive set of free tropospheric ozone measurements ever compiled across midlatitude North America was measured with daily ozonesondes, commercial aircraft and a lidar at 14 sites during July-August 2004. The model estimated stratospheric ozone was subtracted from all profiles, leaving a tropospheric residual ozone. On average the upper troposphere above midlatitude eastern North America contained 15 ppbv more tropospheric residual ozone than the more polluted layer between the surface and 2 km above sea level. Lowest ozone values in the upper troposphere were found above the two upwind sites in California. The upper troposphere above midlatitude eastern North America contained 16 ppbv more tropospheric residual ozone than the upper troposphere above three upwind sites, with the greatest enhancement above Houston, Texas, at 24 ppbv. Upper tropospheric CO measurements above east Texas show no statistically significant enhancement compared to west coast measurements, arguing against a strong influence from fresh surface anthropogenic emissions to the upper troposphere above Texas where the ozone enhancement is greatest. Vertical mixing of ozone from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere can only account for 2 ppbv of the 16 ppbv ozone enhancement above eastern North America; therefore the remaining 14 ppbv must be the result of in situ ozone production. The transport of NOx tracers from North American anthropogenic, biogenic, biomass burning, and lightning emissions was simulated for the upper troposphere of North America with a particle dispersion model. Additional box model calculations suggest the 24 ppbv ozone enhancement above Houston can be produced over a 10 day period from oxidation reactions of lightning NOx and background mixing ratios of CO and CH4. Overall, we estimate that 69–84% (11–13 ppbv) of the 16 ppbv ozone enhancement above eastern North America is due to in situ ozone production from lightning NOx with the remainder due to transport of ozone from the surface or in situ ozone production from other sources of NOx.

Published
2006

5. Enhanced view of the 'tropical Atlantic ozone paradox' and 'zonal wave one' from the in situ MOZAIC and SHADOZ data

Author

Bastien Sauvage, Philippe Nédélec, Valérie Thouret, Jean-Pierre Cammas, Jacquelyn C. Witte, Anne M. Thompson, Gilles Athier, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Equator, Soil Science, chemistry and transport, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Tropical Atlantic, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Mixing ratio, Tropospheric ozone, Southern Hemisphere, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Ecology, Paleontology, MOZAIC SHADOZ wave-one paradox, Forestry, tropics ozone, Depth sounding, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Environmental science
Abstract

[1] Ozone vertical profiles from the Measurements of Ozone from Airbus In-service Aircraft (MOZAIC) program over Africa are used to complement pictures of the wave-one pattern and the “tropical Atlantic paradox” identified through soundings in the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) network. The Atlantic paradox refers to a greater tropospheric ozone column amount over the South Atlantic than the North Atlantic during the West African biomass burning season. SHADOZ and MOZAIC data from 1998–2002 and 1997–2004, respectively, are used to show that these two phenomena are linked. The combined data are used to address the following: Does the (continental) MOZAIC data modify the appearance of the paradox? Do lower tropospheric MOZAIC data lead to new conclusions about ozone in the wave-one maximum region? During December, January, and February (DJF), the lower troposphere over Africa exhibits a higher ozone signal in the burning hemisphere, that is, north of the equator, so the “paradox” does not appear over the African continent. The MOZAIC data set over Africa highlights another component of the wave-one feature when the tropospheric ozone mixing ratio is viewed in zonal cross section. The lower troposphere makes a nonnegligible contribution to the regionally higher ozone column during the biomass burning periods of each hemisphere (DJF) for West Africa and June, July, and August (JJA) for the central Africa region. A southern preference for the wave-one character, previously deduced from satellite data, is confirmed with a stronger maximum in September, October, and November (SON). Both the paradox and wave-one phenomena are consistent with a view that the African continent is a major source of biomass burning and lightning emissions.

Published
2006

6. Alaskan and Canadian forest fires exacerbate ozone pollution over Houston, Texas, on 19 and 20 July 2004

Author

D. Larko, J. Eric Nielsen, Steven Pawson, Gary A. Morris, Samuel J. Oltmans, Anne M. Thompson, Solène Turquety, Jacquelyn C. Witte, Tom Kucsera, Andreas Stohl, Scott Hersey, Peter R. Colarco, Bryan J. Johnson, Juying Warner, W. W. McMillan, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Valparaiso], Valparaiso University, Sid Richardson College (Sid), Rice University [Houston], PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch [ Greenbelt], Department of Physics [Baltimore], University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [Baltimore] (JCET), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)-University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory

Subjects
Pollution, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, media_common.quotation_subject, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Satellite data, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), forest fires, pollution, Biomass burning, Air mass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, media_common, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Ozone pollution, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, ozone, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, Environmental science
Abstract

[1] On Monday, 19 July, and Tuesday, 20 July 2004, the air over Houston, Texas, appeared abnormally hazy. Transport model results and data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), the Measurement of Ozone by Airbus In-service airCraft (MOZAIC) experiment, and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) indicate that an air mass originating on 12 July 2004 over forest fires in eastern Alaska and western Canada arrived in Houston about 1 week later. Ozonesonde data from Houston on 19 and 20 July show elevated ozone at the surface (>125 ppbv) and even higher concentrations aloft (∼150 ppbv of ozone found 2 km above the surface) as compared to more typical profiles. Integrated ozone columns from the surface to 5 km increased from 17–22 DU (measured in the absence of the polluted air mass) to 34–36 DU on 19 and 20 July. The average on 20 July 2004 of the 8-hour maximum ozone values recorded by surface monitors across the Houston area was the highest of any July day during the 2001–2005 period. The combination of the ozone observations, satellite data, and model results implicates the biomass burning effluence originating in Alaska and Canada a week earlier in exacerbating pollution levels seen in Houston.

Published
2006

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