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Isparta which has been known since ancient times and referred as "Seperde" or "Sparda" or "Isparada" in the sources; was the centre town of Hamid Sanjak in the Ottoman Empire in XV. and XVI. century. In this study, the "population" and "settlement" structure of the town will be examined in the light of the three mufassal deed tahrir registry of 1478, 1522 and 1568, in which the Isparta Town was recorded, and the impact of the population situation on settlement will be examined as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, the most significant changes in the demographical structure of Anatolia have occurred in the last 150 years. In the last two centuries of the Ottoman Empire, the territories began to shrink as a result of the weakening of the Empire, losing wars and thus, losing significant portions of lands. The region that was affected most from this territorial shrinking process was Anatolia, which was considered as a safe haven at the nucleus of the Ottoman Empire. It is a commonly held view that the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878 (the War of '93) was a critical point for the demographic structure of Anatolia. As a result of the disastrous defeat suffered at the hands of the Tsarist Russia the Muslim populations of the Balkans immigrated en masse to the Anatolian territories. This immigration wave left lasting effects on the demographic structure of the Ottoman Empire while at the same time creating the opportunity for the Balkan nations to constitute their nation-states. The independence movements in the Balkans were followed by the political changes in the Caucasian region and the Muslims of Crimea and Caucasia began to flood into Anatolia in large numbers beginning in the 1860s. The new "national" Turkish state, founded after the War of National Struggle in the first quarter of the 20th century, has been well established on a sociological basis in terms of nation-building with the integration of the Muslim refugees from the Balkans and the Caucasus with the native Muslim population of Anatolia. This nation-building process of modern Turkey during the first half of the 20th century was closely examined by the American officials who compiled a social and demographic map of Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malatia had a strategic position for the Turkish armies raiding Anatolia. The city has a position that can control eastern trade routes. In addition, it is an important city of Byzantium's defence line from east to south. After the Battle of Manzikert, Armenians started to settle in Malatia under the command of Phileratos. But they could never become a sovereign state in this region. Malatia and its surrounding areas fully joined Ottoman State during the reign of Sultan Selim the Stern. The city was organized as a district under the Ottoman State. Cadastral records indicate that there were Armenians in the region both in the city centre and in the villages. Upon studying archive records, it was determined that Armenians lived in the villages of the sub-districts of Malatia in widespread rural areas. It was found that Armenians were living in four quarters of the city as minority compared to Muslim population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since first periods of The Ottoman State, censuses had been made especially to determine people responsible for tax and in military age. Censuses handled in these purposes shows different features according to periods and preparation aims. A t first times, registers were made to see current tax potential in the country related to fief system and books were organized in result of these works. Register works were started to be exercised as avariz counts when fief system lost its importance and counts continued in that way during 18. century. Forms of count works started to change with new improvements in 19. century. In this connection although a census was made at first in years of 1828-29, it wasn't completed because of war. Hereafter male population in the country was tried to be determined by a general census in 1830- 31. Polling was exercised in the country regularly after these censuses and prepared books were sent to the center. Furthermore in some periods, censuses were performed to see population and wealth of people. This article about mentioned subjects, examines last censuses of the Ottoman period, the books prepared in result of these censuses and preserved until today; explaines the foundations housing mentioned books today, numbers and certain features of books; also exhibits different kinds of records related to censuses orderly. Eventually this work aims to be guide for researchers, explaining register and census books and especially population records of 19. century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrimony, which provides a basis for family and population policies, has frequently occupied the agenda of the country since the War of Independence. Incentivizing bachelors to get married has been considered among the measures to be taken for the purpose of increasing the population. In this sense, the first legislative proposal with regards to collecting tax on celibacy was made on the date of October 19\ 1920 by Canik Parliamentarian Hamdi Bey. Subsequent to the proposal submitted by Hamdi Bey, the "The legislative proposal regarding the Compulsory Marriage"by Erzurum Parliamentarian Salih Efendi was made on February 22"' 1921. Although these proposals had not been validated by the Parliament, such actions show us the efforts in increasing the population of the country in the early years of the Republic. Following the foregoing proposals, Süleyman Sırrı İçöz, who was the Parliamentarian of Yozgat, had brought his proposal regarding the "Tax on Celibacy "to the agenda of the Parliament on March 18f\ 1929. Although the said proposal initially had a broad repercussion in the press, the Parliament failed to pass it. The proposal made by Mr. İçöz was later repeated in 1931, 1940, and 1944 with several amendments. The celibacy Tax proposals, its respective contents and the repercussions of the said in the press will be elaborated in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]