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Metal nanoparticles are considered as excellent catalysts in chemical reactions because of their high catalytic activity, reaction selectivity and easy preparation, but they have some disadvantages such as high cost, difficult separation, easy agglomeration, non-recycling and so on. Cellulose is by far the most abundant renewable natural polymer, which widely exists in higher plants, animals and bacteria. Because of its high specific surface area, good stability and chemical modification, cellulose-based materials can be used as a superb carrier of metal nanoparticles. In this paper, the preparation and catalytic performance of cellulose-based metal nanoparticle catalysts in recent years are reviewed, in order to provide effective methods and approaches for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]