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3D printing technology has the characteristics of not requiring mold and manufacturing cost to be insensitive to the complexity of design, and is suitable for manufacturing complex structure products such as structure-function integration, bionics design, lightweight dot matrix structure, thin wall and the like. However, due to some unavoidable defects in the interior and surface, it is necessary to combine appropriate post-treatment to improve the microstructure and defects of the metal parts. In this paper, the research progress of different post-processing of 3D printing parts from domestic and foreign scholars were summarized from three aspects of microstructure, internal defects and surface defects, and the mainstream direction of future 3D printing post-processing research was analyzed, providing a reference for 3D printing technology to produce more qualified parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]