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This research is aimed at preparing the β-galactosidase (βg) and vitamin C (VC) cocapsules stabilized by milk proteins. The effect of different independent parameters including core-coating ratio (10-100%), whey protein isolate (0 : 1), sodium caseinate (0 : 1), and ultrasound power (50-150 W) on physicochemical properties of microcapsules was investigated. The response surface methodology (RSM) defined the optimal conditions. Increasing the WPI values had different effects on the particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). The zeta potential values decreased by decreasing SC values. The βg had better encapsulation efficiency in comparison to VC. Increasing the core-coating ratio showed a negative effect on the enzyme activity. Among the test parameters, the core-coating ratio was effective on the viscosity of microcapsules. Two optimum conditions for co-encapsulation were determined as WPI, SC, core-coating ratio, and ultrasound power of 0, 1, 100%, and 79.4 W and 0.2, 0.8, 100%, and 75 W for microcapsules I and II, respectively. In the next step, the structural and morphological properties of the optimum samples were analyzed. The heterogeneous morphology of microcapsules was observed by SEM analysis. The formation of new interactions between wall materials, βg, and VC was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. XRD analysis revealed that the WPI-coated sample had a higher crystallinity index. Generally, the successful co-encapsulation of βg and VC exhibited the potential of the resultant microcapsules for the industrial production of VC fortified and lactose-free milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study involved subjecting sohshang (Elaeagnus latifolia) juice (SJ) to thermosonications (TS), a process integrating ultrasound and heat, with a range of independent variables. Specifically, three explored distinct amplitudes (30%, 40%, and 50%) alongside three temperature settings (30°C, 40°C, and 50°C) and four treatment durations (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes) were used in the experiment. A variety of quality parameters were analyzed such as antioxidant activity (AOA), ascorbic acid (AA), total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), yeast and mold count (YMC), and total viable count (TVC). Thermosonicated sohshang juices (TSSJ) successfully achieved highest content of AA (69.15 ± 0.99 mg/100 ml), AOA (72.93 ± 1.62 %), TPC (122.03 ± 4.23 mg GAE/ml), and TFC (116.14 ± 3.29 mg QE)/ml) under ideal circumstances. Also, minimal TVC and YMC in these juices have been observed. The best results for AA and TFC were observed at 40°C with 40% and 50% amplitude over processing times of 45 and 60 min. To optimize the extraction processes with various objectives, artificial neural network (ANN) was established with an original experimental planning methodology. Overall, the investigation demonstrated that TS is an effective method to enhance the nutritional and microbiological qualities of sohshang fruit juice. The use of ANN in the optimization process is particularly valuable in achieving desirable outcomes. As the food and pharmaceutical industries seek natural and bioactive substances, TSSJ holds great potential for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was carried out to extend the shelf life of cashew apple juice (CAJ) by up to 90 days from its natural shelf life. CAJ was obtained by pressing apples. Then, extracted juice was clarified, pasteurized, and added with preservatives, citric acid (0.01%), and sodium benzoate (0.01%). The juice was analyzed for physicochemical qualities, sugars, microbial (total bacteria, yeast, and mould) and sensory evaluation tests for appearance (yellow and brown color), aroma, and taste (astringent, bitter, and sweet). CAJ was stored at refrigeration (4°C) and ambient temperature (22.6-32.5°C) for 90 days. Sensory and shelf life analyses were conducted at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days during storage. The results showed that cashew apple juice had strong vitamin C content (256.5 mg/100 mL). At ambient storage, there was high decrease of vitamin C (6.2-59.8%) and low decrease at refrigeration storage (1.6-10.5%). pH was found to decrease (4.4-3.15) and TSS (11–10.6°Bx), while titratable acidity (0.4–0.59%) increases with time at refrigerating storage. Also, at ambient storage, CAJ showed the similar trend, having decrease in pH (4.4-3.06) and TSS (11-10.3°Bx), while titratable acidity increased (0.4-0.61%). Moreover, sugar content for juice had minimum and maximum decrease at refrigeration and ambient temperatures, respectively. Storage at ambient temperature resulted in growth of microbes which was observed after 15 days for juices without preservatives and 75 days for juices with preservatives, with no E. coli growth. Juice on refrigeration had higher intensity of yellow color (7.50) and sweetness (5.58) while low intensity for astringency (1.58) (p < 0.05). Sensory evaluation of the beverage was found to be satisfactory. Thus, shelf life of cashew apple juice was extended to 90 days satisfactorily, ensuring consumption-safe parameters and satisfactory sensory qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antioxidants are primarily responsible for the beneficial health effects of foxtail millet. This study evaluated a foxtail-millet-based composite antioxidant nutritive flour consisting of fermented foxtail millet, coarse grains, and fruit powders. The composition of the antioxidant nutritive flour was optimized, and it was found to be rich in antioxidant nutrients, such as phenolics (2.27 g/100 g), vitamin C (0.21 g/100 g), and polysaccharides (0.35 g/100 g). The results revealed that this composite nutritive flour has enhanced in vitro and in vivo physicochemical properties and higher antioxidant activities than commercial nutritive flour. The total antioxidant capability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) capability, and superoxide radical scavenging abilities were 0.84 mM Trolox equivalents/g, 38.29 U/g, and 42.02%, respectively. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD and glutathione peroxidase increased, whereas malondialdehyde levels decreased in the liver, heart, and kidney of mice treated with the nutritive flour, indicating the potential antioxidant activity of this fermented foxtail-millet-based nutritive flour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, there is an increasing global interest in the consumption of safe, healthy fruits and juices without synthetic materials and preservatives. The objective of the study was to evaluate the physiochemical quality of Valencia, Ibadan sweet, and Washington varieties of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) fruits in response to eucalyptus leaves, orange peels, and their combination during 30 days of storage at ambient 25°C and 80-85% relative humidity. The experimental design was a 4 × 3 factorial design in a completely randomized design. The results showed that orange fruits coated with the combined oils of eucalyptus leaves and orange peels significantly (P ≤ 0.05) delayed weight changes, firmness, titratable acidity, total soluble solids concentration, vitamin C content, and higher acceptability with extended shelf life compared to uncoated control fruits. Valencia (V1) exhibited a significant beneficial effect of the biobased oils treatment on weight, firmness, and vitamin C content. In Ibadan sweet (V2) fruits, biobased oils enhanced titratable acidity with relatively better total soluble solids and marketability. Biobased oils are known to reduce fruit weight loss by limiting respiration rate. It was concluded that the combined biobased oil had the best effect on keeping citrus fresh. These findings provide a practical basis for the application of combined biobased oil as an effective preservative to improve the storage quality of citrus fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of solar drying (SD), room-temperature shaded drying (RSD), hot-air drying (HD), vacuum freeze drying (VFD), and microwave drying (MD) was compared on the sensory quality, nutrient substances, bioactive constituents, and antioxidant activities of dried Stropharia rugosoannulata. The results revealed that, in comparison with SD, RSD, HD, and MD, VFD mushrooms exhibited a better appearance with less shrinkage and an ideal colour with lower a colour difference. Meanwhile, a significantly higher content (p < 0.05) of protein, carbohydrate, total sugar, and vitamin C was retained in VFD samples. The HD and VFD samples both had abundant total free amino acids and best met the ideal protein standard. Furthermore, VFD had advantages in terms of better preserving bioactive constituents and stronger antioxidant activities compared to other treatments. Therefore, the VFD-dried S. rugosoannulata obtained a better overall quality compared to the other four drying methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation was carried out to develop polyphenol-enriched functional drinks from oil industry waste. Purposely, polyphenols were extracted from the mustard and sesame oilseed cakes through ultrasound-aided extraction alongside conventional extraction mode for comparison purposes. Among the oilseed cake extracts, sesame with methanol and ultrasonic extraction exhibited best results for TPC, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and β-carotene as 39 ± 0.04 g GAE/100 g, 35 ± 0.02 g TE/100 g, 20 ± 0.02 g TE/100 g, 18 ± 0.03 g TE/100 g, and 35 ± 0.05 g TE/100 g, respectively, and mustard showed 31 ± 0.04 g GAE/100 g, 20 ± 0.01 g TE/100 g, 16 ± 0.02 g TE/100 g, 12 ± 0.01 g TE/100 g, and 30 ± 0.05 g TE/100 g, respectively. In case of conventional extraction and methanol as solvent, sesame revealed outcomes for TPC, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and β-carotene as 13 ± 0.02 g GAE/100 g, 17 ± 0.03 g TE/100 g, 10 ± 0.01 g TE/100 g, 21 ± 0.04 g TE/100 g, and 15 ± 0.03 g TE/100 g, respectively, compared to mustard which showed for TPC, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and β-carotene as 11 ± 0.02 , 12 ± 0.01 , 08 ± 0.01 , 17 ± 0.03 , and 10 ± 0.01 , respectively. Likewise, for mustard oilseed cake extract with conventional extraction technique and water as solvent, minimum findings were observed for TPC, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and β-carotene as 07 ± 0.01 , 09 ± 0.02 , 06 ± 0.01 , 14 ± 0.03 , and 07 ± 0.01 , respectively. T0 without extracts, T1 (sesame oilseed cake extract based Functional drink) , and T2 (mustard oilseed cake extract based Functional drink). The recorded values for total phenols, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, and vitamin C in T0, T1, and T2 were 29.79 ± 6.05 , 32.53 ± 7.05 , and 30.5 ± 5.05 ; 26.33 ± 5.05 , 30.60 ± 7.05 , and 29.75 ± 5.05 ; 2.11 ± 0.05 , 2.12 ± 0.05 , and 2.08 ± 0.01 ; and 31.7 ± 7.05 , 30.5 ± 5.05 , and 29.6 ± 6.05 , respectively. Likewise, sensory evaluation for color, flavor, sweetness, sourness, and overall acceptability during 2 months of storage depicted acceptable scores. The inclusive best outcomes for phytochemical analysis were achieved with sesame oilseed cake extracts by applying ultrasonic extraction technique and methanol as solvent. In the same way, among the developed functional drinks, T1 (sesame oilseed cake extract-based functional drink) exhibited best physiochemical as well as storage characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of apricot gum-based edible coating at different concentrations (0, 8, 10, and 12%, w/w) during deep-fat frying of zucchini cuttings were evaluated. Physicochemical properties such as moisture, oil uptake, frying yield, coating pick-up, color, vitamin C, shrinkage, oxidation parameters, and sensory properties were determined. The results showed that coating with apricot gum had a significant effect on moisture and oil contents and the frying yield of zucchini cuttings (P < 0.05). The highest coating pick-up was observed in the coated sample with 12% gum (S12). Coating with apricot gum resulted in more preservation of vitamin C in fried zucchini cuttings. The lowest shrinkage and Δ E was also observed in the coated samples. The fried coated samples had lower hydrolysis and oxidation rate (acid, peroxide, and anisidine values) during storage. The coated samples had a good overall acceptability similar to the control treatment. In conclusion, apricot gum due to thermal stability, good properties, and its facility to use, suggested for coating and usage in industrial fried zucchini cuttings production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluates the effectiveness of thermosonication treatment on the physicochemical and anti‐nutritional properties of blood fruit beverage. The study has revealed that physicochemical properties such as pH, titratable acidity, color difference, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content, total polyphenols, total anthocyanins, total flavonoids, and DPPH retained as the fresh juice. Similarly, anti‐nutritional components such as phytate, saponin, alkaloids, tannin, and oxalates were lowered significantly by the TST (Thermosonication treatment) TST‐1 (40°C/30 min), TST‐2 (42°C/27 min), TST‐3 (44°C/24 min), TST‐4 (46°C/21 min), TST‐5 (48°C/18 min), TST‐6 (50°C/15 min), and TST‐7 (52°C/12 min). Thermosonicated beverages had an extended shelf life of 4 weeks at 4°C with desirable physicochemical quality, and the storage study has exhibited minimal quality changes. The results obtained from this study may help the fruit beverage industries design similar processing of blood fruit beverages on a large‐scale production. Practical applications: Commercialization of blood fruit juice by value addition and lowering of its anti‐nutritional components may result in its availability all over the world along with its nutritious intake and healthy living among people. Thermosonically treated blood fruit juice with the unique parameter combination have resulted in better retention of phytonutrients as well as reduction in its anti‐nutritional factors, thereby offering excellent product quality as compared to the conventionally pasteurized beverages. This might increase the potential for commercialization of blood fruit and also result in the development of a trusted area for startup of this beverage industries, such as iron‐rich fruit beverage (58.16 mg/100) which will again promote better nutritional status, malnutrition free, and better livelihood in the local areas with ample blood fruit availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkia speciosa Hassk is an underutilized legume containing numerous nutrients with high perishability. The study was planned to extend the shelf‐life of P. speciosa seeds and pods with different treatments. Blanched and unblanched seeds and pods were subjected to freezing, freeze drying, cabinet drying, and sun drying. Samples were analyzed for nutritional, phytochemical, rehydration ratio, and overall acceptability score. Significant variation in nutritional value was observed in fresh and processed seeds as well as pods. Due to blanching, some minerals leached out resulting in lower ash content. Protein content was reduced slightly due to blanching and drying. Hot water blanching prior to drying, or freezing, inactivated the oxidative enzymes and preserved nutritional value. Freeze‐dried seed and pods had the highest % dehydration compared to other treatments. Blanched and unblanched, freeze‐dried samples had overall acceptance in an acceptable range for seed and pods. Freeze‐dried seeds and pods had longer storability without significant degradation of total antioxidants, phenols, ascorbic acid, overall acceptability, and rehydration ratio. Rehydration of freeze‐dried seeds and pods after blanching was highest. The study concluded that freeze drying along with blanching as pretreatment is effective in extending the shelf‐life of P. speciosa without a change in sensory profile. Novelty impact statement: Perkia speciosa is one of the highly nutritious and underutilized legume, are explored for a shelf‐life extension for their seeds and pods, herein. Mere exposed to minimal pre‐processing treatments, they are made available in the longer term without any nutritional loss, appreciable rehydration extent, and overall acceptability profile as well. Thus, these minimal pre‐processing tactics adoption by agri‐entrepreneurs land the basis for value addition, malnutrition eradication, food security, and commercialization to contribute to the overall growth of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uneven maturity and severe internal rot of kiwifruit were rapidly accelerated when transferred to room temperature after long‐term controlled atmosphere storage. In this study, the effects of ethrel combined with different flow microcirculation of antiseptic mediums on the shelf‐life quality of "Qinmei" kiwifruit stored at 20°C were evaluated. Results indicated that the combined aerosolization application of 500 mg/L natamycin, 7.5% w/w H2O2 and 0.5 mg/L atomized ozone could control the decay incidence and respiratory rate of ethrel‐treated kiwifruit. Further studies indicated that ethrel and O3 treatment greatly increased the activities of chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase and produced higher ascorbic acid levels (151.16 mg·100 g−1/FW) to enhance disease‐resistant of kiwifruit. This treatment could inhibit the activity of polyphenol oxidase and delay the process of membrane lipid peroxidation, contributing to preserving the integrity of cell structures well. Moreover, ethrel + O3 treatment could effectively reduce ethylene production (3.12 μl/kg/h) to delay the ripening and senescence of fruit stored at 20°C. More importantly, this treatment exhibited the lowest contents of decay incidence (9.75%), total bacterial count (4.07 log cfu/g), and yeasts and molds (4.18 log cfu/g), and thus extended the shelf life for up to 16 days. Therefore, a combination of ethrel and ozone is a potentially effective method for the maintenance of the shelf‐life properties of kiwifruit after long‐term cold storage. Novelty impact statement: In this study, the treatment of ethrel‐treated with aerosolized ozone of flow microcirculation of 0.5 mg/L O3 could effectively suppress ripening and senescence, enhance antioxidant capacity and disease resistance, reduce the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation, and considerably preserve the integrity of cell structures, which contributed to preventing the penetration of pathogens, retarding the decay incidence, and delaying the shelf‐life quality deterioration of kiwifruit transferred to room temperature after long‐term controlled atmosphere storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, to evaluate the role of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) combined with vacuum precooling (VP) treatment in fresh goji preservation, the physicochemical properties and anti‐oxidation indexes of goji berries were compared between the AEW+VP‐treated and control (VP treatment) groups during storage at 4, 7, and 10°C. The results showed that AEW+VP could effectively inhibit the decrease in L* and a* values, reduce the respiratory rate, delay the loss of vitamin C content, and maintain higher total soluble solid (TSS) content. Compared to the control, AEW+VP‐treated goji maintained higher catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Therefore, AEW+VP treatment could effectively improve the storage quality and extend the shelf life of fresh goji berries. Practical applications: Acidic electrolyzed water, a clean and environmentally friendly preservation technology, combined with vacuum precooling extended the shelf life of fresh goji berries while delaying the aging of goji berries at different storage temperatures. In this sense, AEW+VP had certain stability in enhancing the storage quality and extending the shelf life of goji berries, which can be regarded as an effective strategy for promoting the preservation of agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study evaluated the potential of chitosan‐based melatonin (CH‐MT) composite coating to maintain quality and delay senescence of minimally processed pomegranate aril‐sacs during refrigerated storage. Mature pomegranate fruit (cv. Wonderful) without physical defects were processed into aril‐sacs. Subsequently, the following treatments were applied; distilled water (control), CH 0.5% (w/v), CH+0.1 mM MT, CH+0.4 mM MT, CH+0.8 mM MT, and CH+1 mM MT. Each treatment was applied by immersing the aril‐sacs in the coating solution for 3 min and allowed to dry at room temperature. Aril‐sacs were then packed in polyethene terephthalate punnets (three to four aril‐sacs/punnet) and stored at 5°C and 85% RH for 21 days. Aril color, weight loss, respiration rate, ascorbic acid content, total anthocyanins, browning index, and antioxidant capacity were monitored during storage at 3 days intervals. The study results showed that the CH‐MT coating treatments significantly (p < 0.05) delayed the increase in aril‐sacs weight loss and respiration rate. These treatments also retained higher aril chroma, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin content, DPPH‐radical scavenging activity, and aril‐sacs antioxidant power (FRAP). In addition, surface browning development was significantly suppressed in the coated aril‐sacs compared with control sacs. However, the effectiveness of CH‐MT treatments in maintaining the quality of aril‐sacs was concentration‐dependent, with CH+0.8–1 mM MT treatments showing the best results. Therefore, CH+0.8–1 mM MT treatments are recommended to suppress the development of physiological disorders and maintain the quality of minimally processed pomegranate aril‐sacs. Novelty Impact Statement: This study focuses on the development and application of chitosan‐melatonin composite coating (CH‐MT) as an active and functional formulation to maintain quality and extend the storage life of minimally processed pomegranate aril‐sacs. The results showed that incorporating melatonin with chitosan improved the effectiveness of chitosan base coating. This was demonstrated by the CH‐MT coating's enhanced retention of ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, radical scavenging activity, and antioxidant power. Further, delaying the increase in aril‐sacs surface browning, weight loss, and respiration rate. The study findings are valuable in the commercial adoption of safe preservation technologies to maintain the quality and maximize the storability of minimally processed products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental study was conducted to assess the drying kinetics of lemongrass shreds, dried using two different drying methods and retention of bioactive compounds in the dried lemongrass. Convective drying (CD) was carried out at 45°C for 7 h, whereas during pulsed microwave drying (PMD), lemongrass shreds were exposed to microwaves at 1350 W for 3‐3‐2‐1‐min pulsed intervals with a 30‐s pulse gap. Experimental data were fitted to three drying models, namely Lewis, Henderson and Pabis, and Page models, to determine the moisture ratio as a function of drying time. The bioactive compounds were analyzed before and after drying to assess the changes during the drying process. Pulsed microwave dried samples showed maximum retention of total chlorophyll: 13.85 mg/g, ascorbic acid: 17.80 mg/100 g, flavonoids: 2.64 mg/g, and highest antioxidant capacity of 74.02%. Moreover, microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) of these samples yielded 1.54% essential oil with a specific gravity of 0.89. Novelty impact statement: The synergistic influence of PMD and MAHD process on the quality of dried lemongrass shreds has not been investigated earlier.Polynomial fit‐MR and polynomial fit‐lnMR for moisture ratio were found to have the highest R2 values for both drying methods.Retention of bioactive compounds was observed to be higher in PM dried samples compared with convective dried samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry fruits are highly perishable and susceptible to microbial decay. In this study, influence of atmospheric pressure, postharvest delay in hypobaric treatment, and combined effect of pressure and exposure duration on storage quality of strawberries were evaluated. Treatment at 40 kPa for 4 h without postharvest delay inhibited fungal decay and retained visual quality which contributed to 13% increase in marketable life of strawberries compared with control. Further study revealed that microbial control and storage quality of strawberries treated either at 20 kPa for 2 h or 40 kPa for 4 h were statistically comparable. After 12 days, strawberries treated at 20 kPa for 2 h had 14.3% higher radical scavenging activity, 13.9% higher phenolic contents and 17.7% higher ascorbic acid than control fruits. Thus, pre‐storage treatment at 20 kPa for 2 h without postharvest delay effectively retained fruit quality and extended storage life of strawberries for 6 more days compared with control. Novelty impact statement: Hypobaric treatment is a potential non‐chemical technique used to disinfect and extend storage life of strawberries. Results showed that hypobaric treatment at 20 kPa for 2 h without any postharvest delay can be adopted to disinfect strawberries from microbial infection and to extend marketable life. These findings may help in developing commercial hypobaric technology for perishable and decay‐susceptible fruits and vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soursop fruits comprise many bioactive compounds that potentially support human health. The processing method dramatically affects the antioxidant activity found in the soursop fruit. This study aimed to explore the effects of preheating treatment approaches (steam blanching, hot water blanching, and microwave‐assisted blanching) on the physiochemical properties of soursop fruit. The changes in colors, total ascorbic acid, and total phenolic content were based on the variations in surveyed parameters including treatment time 2–4–6–8 min, temperature 60–70–80–90°C (blanching hot water), and capacity 150–300–450–600 W (blanched by microwave). About 59.57% of total phenolic content and 64.07% of total ascorbic acid were retained after 8 min of blanching, 17.97% of total phenolic content and 31.42% of total ascorbic acid remained after blanching at 90°C, whereas the microwave‐assisted blanching at 300 W was found to retain over 70% of total phenolic content and about 50% of total ascorbic acid. The evaluation results showed the total phenolic content loss was hindered by using microwave‐assisted blanching at 150 W for 2 min. The color changes (darken conversion) were significantly affected by the prolonged processing time, increasing the total different color value compared to the control sample. These databases provide insight into the blanching processes, which are considered intermediate stages for many food products. Novelty impact statement: The databases included in the study provide an unbiased view of the blanching methods. The suitable method helps inactivate the browning enzyme, retaining the maximum color and nutritional content compared to the original sample. Furthermore, from these process parameters, it is possible to make different related products such as soursop tea, which offers excellent economic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Koozh is a cereal‐based fermented food product made from finger millet (Eleucine corocana) which is a neglected cereal and has a promising potential for health promotions. It is produced both traditionally and modernly using millet grain and is offered in both drinks and porridge. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) dominate Koozh's microbial composition. Koozh is a famous street snack in many areas of the world and is the most commonly consumed healthy meal during specific events. Koozh contains bioactive components, including p‐Coumaric and ascorbic acid, which have several nutraceutical benefits such as anti‐allergenicity, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐microbial, antioxidant activity, anti‐carcinogenicity, and anti‐diabetic activity. Additionally, Koozh is also used against various disorders like hypercholesterolemia, intermittent claudication, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and cardiovascular diseases. In the nutshell, there is adequate evidence in favor of the medicinal significance of Koozh but needs further scientific interest to explore its health endorsing aspects for strengthening the claims. Furthermore, the production technology, brief history, nutritional composition, and functional properties of Koozh are also in the limelight of the current review article. Novelty impact statement: Food security is under threat due to the growing population of emerging nations, climate change, and diminishing resources. As a result, in the future, we will not only need to manufacture more, and also efficient agriculture in order to survive on our planet. Traditionally, humans have used fermentation to preserve food, but they are unintentionally producing more nutritious and healthier food, which can help with a variety of health issues. Koozh contains bioactive components, including p‐Coumaric and ascorbic acid, which have several nutraceutical benefits such as anti‐allergenicity, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐microbial, antioxidant activity, anti‐carcinogenicity, and anti‐diabetic activity, which makes it novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to determine how different cooking processes (boiled (B), steamed (S), pressure boiled (PB), and pressure steamed (PS)) cause changes in various vegetables (potato, carrot, beet root, black carrot, celery, turnip, and sweet potato). The different process had a very significant effect (p < 0.01) on the L*, a*, b*, C*, H°, dry matter content, total soluble solids (TSS), ash content, pH, and titratable acidity values of vegetables. The process and vegetable kind were found to have a very significant effect (p < 0.01) on vitamin C and total phenolic content (TPC) of vegetables. It was revealed that the vitamin C was preserved better in S and PS than B vegetables. Except all PB, B, S sweet potato and cooked celery the TPC of other samples decreased at different rates (6.12%–88.30%) with cooking. It was found that the antioxidant activity (AA) of vegetables decreased with the process. It was determined that the mineral compositions of vegetables cooked with different methods were significantly different (p < 0.01) from raw vegetables, except for Fe. A positive correlation was detected between the samples' AA and color values. As a result, it was revealed that S vegetables preserved their color values better and the AA values of S vegetables were closest to raw vegetables. Novelty Impact Statement: In terms of healthy nutrition, the differences in the characteristics of the food cooked with the heat treatment process in cooked foods has recently aroused an increasing interest. The study showed that physical and chemical properties, total phenolic content, and antioxidant properties were interrelated with different vegetables and different cooking methods. This was due to the different compositions and cooking techniques of vegetables, which determine the cell wall integrity and solubility of cell components during heat treatments. It was determined that the properties of steamed beetroot and black carrot were better preserved among different vegetables cooked with four different cooking methods (boiled, steamed, pressure boiled, and pressure steamed). The antioxidant activity of vegetables decreased with the treatment. Except for Fe, the mineral compositions of vegetables cooked by different methods were significantly different from raw vegetables. As a result, it was revealed that steamed vegetables preserved their color values better and the antioxidant activity values of steamed vegetables were closest to raw vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound treatment under vacuum for 40 min led to an increase in the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of flesh. However, phenolic and flavonoid contents of mango peel were close to their initial values under the same conditions. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid amounts of peel were obtained after 30 min of sonication under atmospheric condition. Similarly, carotenoid contents of peel and flesh reached their maximum values after 30 min of sonication under atmospheric condition. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of peel and flesh increased as the duration of ultrasound treatment under vacuum prolonged, especially for 40 min. Phenolic acids and flavonoids in peel and flesh were determined as 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (9.05–18.51 g/100 g and 0.78–1.16 g/100 g, respectively) and catechin (24.28–66.82 mg/100 g and 3.16–6.61 mg/100 g, respectively). The use of ultrasound during the extraction process improved the bioactive properties of flesh, so the application of sonication in combination with vacuum can be used as an alternative. Practical applications: Mango draws attention thanks to its Vitamin C, carotenoid, and phenolic compound content. One of the alternative extraction methods is ultrasound‐assisted extraction. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction increases yields and eliminates the disadvantages of conventional technologies. The components damaged by heat treatment, especially bioactive components, are effectively extracted at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Cistus creticus extract on the quality attributes of cocktail sausages was evaluated. For this purpose (1) the phenolic composition, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Cistus extract were determined, and (2) quality parameters, such as lipid oxidation and the shelf life of sausages, were investigated. There were four treatments: a control (0.02% ascorbic acid and 0.05% sodium ascorbate) and Cistus (0.05%, 0.07%, and 0.1%). The radical scavenging activity of Cistus was high, and the IC50 value was 7.85 ± 0.94 μg/ml. The treatment with 0.1% Cistus showed antimicrobial activity against spoilage organisms and extended the shelf life of the cocktail sausages 1 week and provided lower lipid oxidation values throughout storage in comparison with the control treatment. Furthermore, the 0.1% Cistus treatment exhibited fewer total color differences during storage. This study demonstrated the potential of Cistus as a natural antioxidant alternative for sausage formulation. Novelty impact statement: The water extract of Cistus creticus was rich with phenolic compounds, such as quercetin and gallic acid and displayed a high antioxidant capacity.Cocktail sausages formulated with C. creticus extract achieved comparable quality attributes with the sausages formulated with ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate.This natural antioxidant can be used in the development of other healthier meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beetroot betalains (E162) as natural colorants, extracted by physical means, are permitted by the European Union for use as a natural colorant in foods. Like other natural colorants, betalains have limitations due to the lack of standardized extraction protocols and reduced stability. An experiment was conducted for the process optimization of betalains extraction from a competent variety and subsequently its stabilization through acidulants. Results revealed that the Crimson Globe cultivar was a feasible matrix for betalains extraction over Detroit Dark Red. Box Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimized that at 70°C, 4.0 min extraction time and 1:3 solid to solvent ratio, maximum betalains and phenolics could be extracted. Betalains were found to be more related to color expression (r =.962) than the antioxidant activity (r =.688). Among various acidulants, betalains was maximally retained by 1% (w/v) ascorbic acid with t1/2 = 155.17 h followed by citric (92.36 h), tartaric (85.20 h), succinic (83.96 h), and malic acid (75.72 h). Novelty impact statement: Beetroot betalains, designated as GRAS, are known for their antioxidant and coloring potential. Detailed extraction methodology for betalains was optimized with pure aqueous solvent so that the extracted betalains, when used as a food colorant are devoid of any solvent residue. Further, the study concluded that among various acidulants, the performance of ascorbic acid was best in terms of better color and antioxidant stability. The betalains acidified with ascorbic acid could be stored up to 9 months at 10°C. This is the first detailed report on aqueous extraction protocol standardization from beetroot cv. Crimson Globe and its stabilization using acidulant/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impregnation of ascorbic acid (AA) by ultrasound (US)‐assisted osmotic dehydration (OD). A 25 factorial design was used. The highest water loss (WL) of 42% was obtained with the combined use of OD+US+AA. The effective diffusivities of water (EDw) and solids (EDs) were increased when OD was employed with a temperature of 60°C, a sucrose concentration of 60%, and a simultaneous application of US+AA treatments in plantain thin slices. The use of OD+US favored AA impregnation; in the treatment with 45% sucrose at 40°C, AA increased from 18% to 42%. Tonality did not change significantly in the OD+US+AA treatments at 40°C. However, except for the gumminess, significant differences from the control were observed in the texture profile analysis (TPA). In microstructure analyses, it was observed that by applying OD+US+AA, the cellular structure was not altered. Applying the specified operational conditions for OD, the AA impregnation pretreatments, and US, a plantain dry food could be obtained without reducing the specified quality parameters in this study. Novelty impact statement: Applying the ultrasound pretreatment before osmotic dehydration favors the impregnation of ascorbic acid in the plantain, preserving its original physical and sensory characteristics, such as texture, color, and flavor, and the treatment also promotes the maintenance of the nutritional properties of the food, increases the transfer of mass, and incorporates bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimally processed onion rings in different packages treated with gamma irradiation (0.5–2.5 kGy) were studied for shelf‐life extension under low temperature (Temp 4–5°C, RH 60%–70%). An untreated sample at 0 kGy was considered as the control sample. The quality, sensory, and microbial attributes of minimally processed onion rings were recorded at 5 days intervals for 30 days. Both gamma irradiation and packaging treatments significantly (p <.01) effect the firmness, color, physiological loss in weight, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, pyruvic acid, and total plate count. Losses in weight and texture were found to be higher in vacuum packaged onion rings and increased with an increase in storage duration. The TSSs content in onion rings increased with an increase in storage period with the highest increase in vacuum packages. The lowest microbial load in onion rings was maintained in polypropylene packages with perforations in all the gamma‐irradiation treatments but physio‐chemical quality decreased at the dose level of 2.5 kGy. Overall acceptability of onion rings irradiated at 1.5 kGy obtained the highest scores irrespective of packaging treatment. Thus, polypropylene packaging with perforations and a gamma dose of 1.5 kGy was found to be most suitable for maintaining the shelf life of minimally processed onion rings. Practical applications: Minimally processed onion rings packed in perforated polypropylene packs and treated with gamma irradiation is cost‐effective and safe and convenient to use as there is no application of chemical and preservatives. Besides, the shelf life of this product is maintained best for 20 days (with good overall acceptability) at refrigerated storage. These minimally processed onion rings could encourage several food industries to utilize them in various food products. This will also allow the onion processing industry to flourish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) on accelerated aging of tender coconut and palmyra blend wine was investigated at 3.45 bar pressure and 15–60 min of treatment (72 to 287 passes). The concentrations of phenolic (3.09 mgGAE/ml) and vitamin C (61.11 mg/100 ml) were maximum after 60 min treatment. However, as treatment time increased, the combined effect of temperature and pressure decreased antioxidant content while increasing the b* value. The overall acidity and pH did not vary significantly. As a result, a 15‐min treatment at 3.45 bar pressure was the most effective. Particle size analysis demonstrated a drop in particle size (D50 549.7 to 246.5) following HC treatment, indicating that HC‐treated wine had a greater influence on aging than standard wine. This research highlights the application of HC as a green technique for wine aging, which might be a game changer in beverage sector. Novelty impact statement: Effect of hydrodynamic cavitation at 3.45 bar for 15–60 min for the aging of wine was studiedTreatment had a synergistic effect on phenols and Vit C and an antagonistic effect on color and antioxidantsFTIR showed that alterations in functional compounds with time during aging of sample wines were comparable to commercial wine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of pomelo juice foam composition on the foam properties was investigated for the production of foam mat‐dried pomelo juice powder. The pomelo juice foam was prepared using maltodextrin (MD), glycerol monostearate (GMS), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at various concentrations in the range of 2–8%, 0.5–2%, and 5–10%, respectively. A face‐centered central composite design was followed. The optimum quality of stable pomelo juice foam was evaluated in terms of minimum foam density, minimum foam collapse, maximum foam stability, and maximum foam capacity. The optimum concentration of the foaming agents as obtained through numerical optimization using design expert 10.0 was 6.027% MD, 1.217% CMC, and 8% GMS with a desirability of 0.777. The foam quality at optimum conditions was as follows: 0.769 g/cc foam density, 92% foam stability, 12.66% foam collapse, and 91.74% foam capacity. Feasibility or incorporation of the developed pomelo juice powder in bakery products, ice cream, yogurt, etc., could be tested for wide applicability. Novelty impact statement: The present study aims at optimizing pomelo juice foam composition to produce good quality stable foam so as to convert it into foam mat‐dried powder.Foam mat‐dried pomelo juice powder has very good reconstitution property and the reconstituted juice is a rich source of vitamin C and other minerals.The findings of the present study would facilitate the production of foam mat‐dried pomelo juice powder which has good potential for diet conscious persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the vacuum drying of the Kadam fruit was performed, and the functional properties of the Kadam fruit powder were estimated. The drying conditions were optimized using the Response Surface Methodology for minimum color change and maximum vitamin C retention. The functional properties of the Kadam fruit powder dried at the optimized conditions (bed thickness 3.67 mm, drying temperature 65°C, drying pressure 160 mmHg, and blanching temperature 100°C) were observed as; tapping density 4.23 ml/g, oil retention capacity 5.7 ml/g, water retention capacity 16 ml/g, water‐solubility 0.5%, emulsion activity 0.5%, and emulsion stability 0.85%. The optimum dried fruit powder had vitamin C content (508 mg/100 g), color change (6.32), and effective moisture diffusivity (2.16 × 10−7 m2/min). This study showed that the vacuum drying of the Kadam pulp minimized the thermal degradation of the color and vitamin C. Practical applications: Kadam fruit is a good source of minerals and bioactive compounds but is highly under‐utilized due to its taste and lack of awareness in the population. Preparation of fruit powder can add value to under‐utilized Kadam fruit. Kadam fruit powder can be used in many food products as functional ingredients. Also, incorporating Kadam powder in food formulations can increase calcium content and dietary fiber. The vacuum drying method helped minimize the thermal degradation of the color and Vitamin C of the Kadam fruit powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an agro‐food by‐product, pomegranate peel is a potential source of bioactive compounds with preservative properties. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) is a green extraction method that is useful in increasing extraction yields and reducing extraction time without using toxic solvents. This study aimed to optimize the UAE of a pomegranate peel for its use as a preservative using water as the solvent, maximizing its antioxidant potential for its particular application to chicken burgers. A Box–Behnken design was applied using extraction time, extraction temperature, and ultrasound amplitude as independent variables. The response surface methodology (RSM) results showed that the highest concentration of the phenolic compound is obtained at amplitude—50%, temperature—38°C, and time—15 min. The extracts with RSM conditions at a concentration of 0.8% indicated that the extracted preservative exerts the ability to delay meat oxidation on days 1, 2, 4, and 7, even better than ascorbic acid. Practical applications: The waste and elimination of agro‐industrial by‐products generate significant environmental impacts and critical economic losses. Today, a sustainable paradigm it seeks to add extra value to these by‐products by giving them a new application in the production chains, thus favoring the circular economy. The ultrasound‐assisted process is an excellent tool to obtain green compounds that cover the recent concern from the industry and consumers for healthier foods. In this case, the application of the pomegranate peel extract is presented as an alternative to synthetic preservatives due to its great antioxidant capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the influence of sweet potato leaf powder (SPLP) (0%–16%) on steamed bread quality. Results showed with the addition of SPLP, height/diameter ratio increased from 0.44 to 0.96, specific volume decreased from 2.44 to 1.47, color changed from white to dark green, and hardness, gumminess, and chewiness ascended gradually; the contents of protein, fat, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamin B2, and niacin increased significantly, in particular, the polyphenol content increased from 1.34 to 9.34 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent/g DW, and the antioxidant activity increased from 1286.08 to 5650.77 μg ascorbic acid equivalent/g DW; the carbohydrate content decreased from 77.60 to 71.50 g/100 g DW, and the estimated glycemic index decreased from 95.25 to 87.51. The steamed breads with 2%–10% SPLP were overall acceptable. In conclusion, adding appropriate quantity of SPLP to wheat flour will not only maintain the technological quality but also improve the nutritional value of steamed bread. Practical applications: In recent years, the effective development and utilization of sweet potato leaf (SPL) has become an urgent problem to be solved. The nutritive value of traditional wheat steamed bread are often difficult to meet the daily health needs of human beings. SPL is known to be a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. The application of SPLP in the production of steamed bread is an innovative method with low cost and environmental protection. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the nutritional and functional value of steamed bread by the application of SPLP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin (100 μM) treatment on fruit quality and softening of Ziziphus jujuba at (0 ± 0.5) °C and relative humidity of (90 ± 5) %. The results showed that compared with the control, Melatonin (MT) treatment maintained a low level of weight loss rate and a high level of titratable acid and ascorbic acid. MT treatment also delayed the decrease in fruit firmness, protopectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content and the increase in water‐soluble pectin content. In addition, MT treatment also inhibited the activities and gene expression of polygalacturonase, cellulase, β‐glucosidase, β‐galactosidase, and lipoxygenase. These results showed that MT treatment can not only maintain the quality of jujube fruit by delaying the degradation of nutrients in jujube fruit, but also delay the degradation of cell wall by inhibiting the activity and gene expression of cell wall degrading enzymes, which may be the mechanism of MT treatment inhibiting jujube fruit softening. Novelty impact statement: Melatonin was a reliable treatment for maintaining quality and delaying softening of the fruit.Melatonin treatment can maintain the quality of jujube fruit by delaying the degradation of nutrients in jujube fruit.Melatonin treatment can delay the degradation of cell wall by inhibiting the activity and gene expression of cell wall degrading enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of exogenous icariin (0.005% and 0.01%) on mango cultivar 'Zill' fruit during 25°C storage was investigated in this study. The results showed 0.005% icariin treatment could delay the decline of fruit firmness and yellowing process of flesh tissues, inhibit the conversion of soluble sugar, synthesis of carotenoids and degradation of vitamin C, and reduce the disease spots, and to maintain the appearance and nutrient quality. Moreover, the treatment could improve the disease resistance of fruit by inhibiting catalase (CAT) activity in the early stage of storage, but promoting peroxidase (POD) activity in the later stage. Furthermore, icariin treatment reduced the activities of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectate lyase (PL), thus attenuated the degradation of cell wall and decelerated the softening process. The above results indicate 0.005% icariin treatment could extend the shelf life of postharvest mango and present application value for fruits preservation. Practical applications: Mango is a highly perishable fruit and undergoes a rapid ripening process after harvest. Icariin is the main active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine Herba epimedin 'Yinyanghuo'. The efficacy of icariin in mammals has been widely studied, while its' preservation functions in food were rarely reported. Our results suggested that icariin treatment could delay the ripening and senescence, and enhance disease resistance of postharvest mango, which is expected to be a promising approach for fruit preservation in further industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to improve the shelf life of oyster mushrooms by employing various drying techniques such as hot air drying (HAD), microwave drying (MWD), and freeze drying (FD) of caps and stalks separately. The effects of drying methods on the physicochemical properties were evaluated. The rehydration ratio was significantly higher in FD samples followed by HAD samples at 40°C (p < 0.05). The highest color change (∆E) was obtained for MWD samples and the value was lowest in the case of FD samples. The highest amount of protein was observed in HAD at 40°C (30.81%) samples followed by freeze‐dried samples (29.53%). No significant difference in ascorbic acid content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic content was found between theHAD at 40°C and FD samples (p < 0.05). Keeping the economical point in view and quality aspects such as hardness, microstructure, minerals, and physicochemical properties, the HAD at 40°C resulted in an acceptable product. Practical implications: Freshly harvested mushrooms are highly perishable due to their high moisture content and enzymatic activity. In the present study, the dried mushroom powder was prepared using three different drying techniques to improve the shelf life and marketability with higher retention of physical, nutritional, functional, and biochemical properties. The developed powder can be incorporated in the formulation of blended nutritious snacks that can help the development of enterprise in rural areas creating a market for the mushroom growers as well as enhancing farm household income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation aimed to redesign the formulation with no trace of sodium metabisulfite (SMBS), sustained product quality, safety, and extended shelf life. The effects of optimized combination of 180 ml papain, 7 g ascorbic acid, and 780 s mixing time on dough rheology and physical, biochemical, sensory properties of redesigned biscuits were researched. Structural analysis of gluten network verified the potential of the above‐mentioned combination of SMBS substituents. This formulation had promising results of every aspect (vide supra) of biscuits with 8.50 average sensory scores which was further validated by fuzzy logic analysis. Redesigning exhibited safe limit of acrylamide content (0.23 mg/kg) with a lead of 300 days in shelf life to be "best shelf‐stable" by eliminating soapy odor and color variation of biscuits with time. The electronic nose analyses coupled with principal component analysis successfully validated the shelf life of biscuits by recognizing the soapy odor of the same using screened sensors (TGS 2620, TGS 2600). Novelty impact statement: In the industry, sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) offers drastic effects on health as well as quality of the product with time in contrast to its potential functional benefits. This study aimed to replace SMBS completely with appropriate substituents which mimic the functions of SMBS in biscuit formulation, sustain its sensorial acceptability and also aimed to explore the usage of SMBS substituents for the enhancement of shelf life with assurance of quality, safety, and industrial benefits related to the products. Moreover, this study also provides a rapid, precise, cost‐effective, state‐of‐the‐art, and non‐invasive method by introducing electronic nose with screened metal oxide sensors which assess the odor of these redesigned biscuits for assisting the aim of the investigation as well as for meeting the reliability of the consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop and examine the potential effect of Amla essential oil‐based nano‐coatings at different concentrations 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% (v/v) on Amla fruits stored in the room conditions (29 ± 2°C and 45%RH) for 15 days. Nanoemulsions were formulated by ultrasonication with Amla essential oil along with modified corn starch (2% w/v) and Tween 80 (5% v/v). All the shelf‐life parameters were analyzed at an interval of 3 days. Results have shown that nano‐coatings have a positive and significant effect on delaying browning and total yeast and mold count. Fruits having nano‐coatings effectively retained their antioxidant activity along with bioactive components in comparison with the uncoated fruits. Particle size, Zeta potential, and polydispersity index of the best‐performed nano‐coating having 10% (v/v) of Amla essential oil were also evaluated. Thus, our findings suggest that Amla essential oil‐based nano‐coatings had a promising effect on enhancing the shelf life of Amla fruits. Novelty impact statement: The fruits coated with nanoemulsions maintained good fruit quality with a lower decay percentage, the least degradation of ascorbic acid and chlorophyll, and high retention of antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds. The application of Amla essential oil‐based nano‐coatings had a promising effect on fungal decay, weight loss, firmness, browning index, and other color attributes of fruits. Amla essential oil‐based nano‐coatings had a promising effect on enhancing the shelf life of Amla fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the process parameters such as rotational speed, time, membrane pore size (MPS) and transmembrane pressure were chosen for centrifugation and microfiltration, respectively. The artificial neural network‐genetic algorithm technique was followed to achieve the optimized process parameters for centrifugation (7532 rpm rotational speed and 52.6 min time). Likewise, the optimum process conditions for microfiltration were obtained as 0.2 μm MPS and 138 kPa TMP. At this optimum condition, 88% tannin content, 97% turbidity, and 95% color have been removed, and 87% ascorbic acid content and 97% TSS have been preserved in the clarified juice. Besides, a high steady‐state permeate flux of 74.87 L/m2.h was also achieved at this optimum condition. Furthermore, a resistance‐in‐series model was developed which can accurately represent the flux behavior of the microfiltration system. Hence, microfiltration coupled with centrifugation can be effectively utilized to remove tannin from cashew apple juice, the primary reason behind consumer acceptability. Novelty impact statement: The novelty and significance of this work is the development of a nonthermal clarification technology with optimum process parameters for the reduction of tannin, turbidity, and retention of ascorbic acid content using centrifugation and microfiltration.The clarified juice at the optimum conditions had low astringency (tannin content: 15.31 mg tannic acid/100 ml) and haziness (turbidity: 1.89 NTU, color intensity:0.05 abs and clarity: 99.51 T), with maximum retention of ascorbic acid content (227 mg/100 ml).This study does not involve thermal treatment or addition of any preservatives/additives and hence could assist the food industries to commercially develop a turbid‐free, astringent‐less, and highly nutritious cashew apple juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prickly pear (Opuntia ficus‐indica L.) is a plant belonging to the Cactaceae family. Due to its high sugar content, fruits can be used as raw materials in many products from fresh or jam to alcoholic beverages by end consumers. This study aims to determine some phytochemical and physical properties of prickly pear collected at different harvest time in Turkey. The fruit characteristics evaluated are color, moisture, ash, some pomological properties, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, sugar composition, total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid, and total ascorbic acid content. August was preferred more than the others in terms of total soluble dry matter, TSS/acidity value and lightness, redness, and color intensity. However, fruits harvested early and late reached higher phytochemical content than August and September. Especially October was considered more remarkable in terms of total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid, and total ascorbic acid content. Novelty impact statement: Prickly pear fruits harvested in August should be preferred in terms of total soluble dry matter, TSS/acidity value and lightness, redness, and color intensity. October is more preferable harvest time with regard to total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, flavonoid, and ascorbic acid content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to concentrate orange juice using the microwave vacuum evaporation (MVE) and the rotary evaporation (RE) at different absolute pressures (20, 31, and 47 kPa) and investigate the effects of two different concentration techniques on the degradation kinetics of vitamin C, total phenolic content (TPC), total carotenoid content (TCC), and color values. The MVE significantly raised the evaporation rate compared to the RE (p <.05). It was determined that the MVE and the RE at 80℃ required concentration‐time 21 and 42 min, respectively. Total soluble solid changes during the MVE and the RE processes were fitted to six different empirical models with an R2 range between 0.915 and 0.998. The results showed that degradation rate constants for vitamin C, TPC, and TCC of orange juices concentrated using the RE were higher significantly than the MVE (p <.05). It was determined that the degradation rate constants of the L*, a*, b*, and ΔE orange juices concentrated using MVE were lower than the RE (p <.05). Novelty impact statement: Orange juices were concentrated using MVE and RE.The MVE significantly increased the evaporation rate compared to the RE.The MVE protected bioactive compounds (values vitamin C, TPC, and TCC) and color values (L*, a*, b*, and ∆E) in comparison with the RE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of packaging atmosphere and storage conditions on the quality of dried orange slice samples were investigated. Significant reductions in the ascorbic acid amounts were observed during the 3 months of storage in connection with the applied packaging techniques. While the maximum reduction was observed with a rate of about 43% in the package containing normal atmosphere and exposed to light (CL), the least decrease was observed in the nitrogen‐containing package and stored in dark conditions (N2D) with a rate of about 17%. The total amount of carotenoids in dried orange slices (0 day storage) was determined as 2.59 mg/100 g. After 3 months of storage under light conditions, about 80% carotenoid loss was observed for CL while only 38% was computed for N2D samples. Nitrogen‐containing package stored under dark conditions was seen to preserve color quality, ascorbic acid, and total carotenoid content; moreover, it can contribute to the saving of aroma quality of the product. Practical application: Recently, the production of dried orange slices increased and many scientific studies that apply different drying techniques were published. Dried orange slices can be consumed plain or can be included as an ingredient of many confectionery products and formulated foods. In this study, the alternative packaging methods of dried orange slices were described and the storage stability at different conditions were investigated. The quality analysis of slices packaged with different techniques and stored at different conditions provide accurate information for industry and academia about their stability. The results showed that the use of nitrogen gasses in packaging atmosphere and the storage at dark conditions had better properties to maintain some quality attributes of the dried orange slices. The present study represents a model for dried orange slices producers to package their products and extend their shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of ascorbic acid (VC), reduced glutathione (GSH), sulfur dioxide (SO2), chitosan, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA‐2Na) on the color parameters of Dangshan pear wine during storage were investigated. The different addition amounts of VC and EDTA‐2Na increased the browning degree of pear wine, and chitosan had a weak inhibitory effect on the browning of pear wine. The addition of 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.10% GSH reduced the browning degree of pear wine by 8.80%, 13.82%, and 5.02%, respectively; 0.05% GSH decreased the color saturation and increased the brightness during the storage of pear wine. Adding 0.05% and 0.10% SO2 reduced the browning degree of pear wine by 14.73% and 21.05%, respectively, the inhibitory effect for browning was significant, 0.10% SO2 reduced the brightness of pear wine during storage. This result showed that GSH and SO2 were the most effective candidate inhibitors for Dangshan pear wine browning. Novelty impact statement: The addition of 0.05% GSH reduced the browning degree of pear wine by 13.82%.Adding 0.10% SO2 reduced the browning degree of pear wine by 21.05%.GSH and SO2 were the most effective inhibitors for Dangshan pear wine browning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU), antibrowning chemicals (calcium chloride and ascorbic acid), water bath were used to avoid the browning of kiwifruit pieces, and the shelf‐life of fresh‐cut was measured (two weeks). The treated fresh‐cut kiwi samples were evaluated in terms of color, enzyme activities, bioactive compounds, microbial, and sensory studies. The study has shown that HIU treatment restricted (p <.05) the microbial growth (bacteria, yeast, and mold) in fresh‐cut kiwi samples at 4°C. Moreover, kiwi samples exposed to HIU exhibited significant (p <.05) enhancements in bioactive metabolites as well as improvements in the physical features with the comparison of all other applications. Similarly, the lowest browning index values were observed for kiwifruit samples by HIU at the end of storage (180.04). Furthermore, the lowest scores for decay (0.5/3.0 and 0.9/3.0 on days 7 and 14, respectively) and off‐odor (1/7 and 2/7 on days 7 and 14, respectively) were determined for the fresh‐cut kiwifruit subjected to HIU. It has been proposed that HIU application is a possible choice to take the place of chemical and physical approaches to extend the product life and maintain quality characteristics in fresh‐cut kiwifruit at cold storage conditions. Novelty impact statements: A significant improvement in the quality of HIU‐treated fresh‐cut kiwifruits with the comparison of other chemical and physical treatments was achieved.This study contributed a novel method to develop HIU‐treated fresh‐cut fruit and vegetables with enhanced product quality and extended shelf life.In overall, processing of fresh‐cut kiwifruits with a HIU treatment might be applied to get a high‐quality and browning‐free product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temperature and time for the pasteurization of jambolan/camu‐camu juice blend (37.5:12.5%, w/w) were determined based on their enzymatic activities (peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, and pectin methylesterase), bioactive compounds contents (anthocyanins, total phenolic compounds, and ascorbic acid), and microbial counts (thermotolerant coliforms, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, and fungi). Moreover, the stability of the pasteurized blend was monitored for 35 days at room temperature. Response surface methodology and desirability function defined 75°C and 90 s as the best pasteurization conditions to provide a juice blend with safe microbial counts, inactivation of all deteriorative enzymes, 24.18 mg anthocyanins.100 ml−1, 325.83 mg total phenolic compounds.100 ml−1 and 1862.4 mg ascorbic acid.100 ml−1. Furthermore, the degradation kinetics of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid showed half‐life times of 18 and 126 days, respectively, during storage at room temperature, evidencing the effectiveness of the applied thermal treatment on the retention of bioactive compounds of the studied juice blend. Novelty impact statement: Jambolan and camu‐camu fruits are high anthocyanins and vitamin C sources, respectively, but no industrialized food products, such as blend juices, are available on the market. Here, for the first time, the optimal condition for the pasteurization of jambolan and camu‐camu juice blend was successfully defined to stimulate food industries to exploit the promising health potential of both fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the effects of 1‐MCP combined with TPC treatment on bioactive compounds, odor, and ultrastructure of cherry tomatoes during postharvest storage. The results showed that the three treatments could all maintain the firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acidity content. It was noteworthy that TPC applied to cherry tomatoes had positive effects on removing off‐flavors and reducing accumulation of malondialdehyde, and it can better retain the lycopene content compared with 1‐MCP in the later storage period. In addition, the combined treatment was more effective than the control check, single 1‐MCP and single TPC, which can inhibit the respiration and ethylene production of cherry tomatoes, maintain the ascorbic acid content, and sustain the integrity of peel and pulp cell structure during postharvest storage. Our study concluded that 1‐MCP + TPC was a feasible technology that can enhance the effect of single 1‐MCP treatment and make up for the limitations of single treatment. Practical applications: The moisture content of cherry tomatoes is higher than 90% so that cherry tomatoes are prone to softening, rot, and quality deterioration after harvest. They are typical climacteric fruits with obvious respiratory peaks. In the process of postharvest transportation and storage, intricate physiological and biochemical reactions occur in cells. A growing number of studies had shown that 1‐Methylcyclopropene had certain limitations. We used combined treatment, in order to enhance the effect of single 1‐Methylcyclopropene treatment and better guarantee the edible value and commodity value of postharvest cherry tomatoes. Our research showed that 1‐Methylcyclopropene combined with titanium dioxide photocatalytic treatment may become an advanced preservation technology, and can provide a new idea for improving the storage quality of postharvest cherry tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grape is well known to all as nutritious but perishable so to achieve extension in its keeping terms with maintained nutritional profile, oil dehydration is successfully implemented herewith. Present investigation, grapes are dried using independent variables, that is, blended oil (1:1 ratio of olive and clove oil) and temperature, further generating responses in terms of drying time, acidity, total sugars, ascorbic acid, and phenols. Besides this, optimization is performed using RSM (Design Expert 11) through 13 different turns. The optimum conditions were found to be: blended oil concentration was 11% and drying temperature was 63.4°C with drying time, acidity, total sugars, ascorbic acid, and phenols to be 22.80 hrs., 1.26%, 64.2%, 5.60 mg, and 924 mg, respectively. In the present concern, explored novelties relies in the processing parameter where no doubt elevated drying time is cope‐up with the minimized temperature keeping in mind to retain nutritional and other physico–chemical traits. Practical applications: Maintenance of nutritional quality and long lasting shelf stability of fresh harvest is the challenging job for food technologist and scientists for the present time. Here, preparation of minimally processed raisin by novel means of oil dehydration and drying is itself unique. Moreover selection of red grape variety to work upon adds extra advantage to run with as is full on phenolics. In addition to this, involvement of statistical modeling is advantageous owe to get better success rate, shelf stable fruits (raisin) that even explore new horizons for oil dehydration applicability to other fruits and vegetables of immense nutrition and least shelf stability concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to elucidate the physicochemical properties and sensory acceptability of pineapple drinks with different concentrations (0%–6%) of dried sour plum. The physicochemical properties (pH, total soluble solids [TSS], turbidity, color, minerals, vitamin C) were determined, and sensory evaluations were conducted. The results showed that the addition of dried sour plum contributed to a significant increase in turbidity (0.47–0.59), TSS (9.47–13.94°Brix), and minerals (potassium, calcium) (p <.05). However, pineapple drinks with dried sour plum incorporation showed decreased pH (3.93–3.02) values, with no significant difference in vitamin C. Furthermore, pineapple drinks with 4% dried sour plum scored the highest in sensory acceptability. Therefore, it can be concluded that dried sour plum is a potential natural food additive to improve the physicochemical properties and sensory properties, in addition to introducing a new taste and flavor to pineapple drink. Practical applications: The introduction of pineapple drink with the incorporation of dried sour plum would contribute to the beverage industry as a new drink with a new taste using natural food additives. Dried sour plum as a potential natural food additive also would be able to improve the physicochemical and sensory properties of the pineapple drink. These findings reveal the potential of new markets for pineapple products. The addition of dried sour plum in the pineapple drinks can give a new flavor which can increase the commercialization of the pineapple drinks. The use of dried sour plum in pineapple drinks can act as a natural food additive and provide several benefits to the human body besides it has good flavor. Moreover, the most common composition of dried sour plum are minerals, vitamins, organic acids, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds which can value‐add the pineapple juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daylily is an edible flower in China. Daylily powder is prepared from the flowered or damaged by‐products during its processing, which accounts for 10% of the total amount. In order to optimize the drying methods, the powder properties, internal structure, nutrition, and color of daylily powder prepared by natural air drying (ND), hot air drying (HD), vacuum freeze‐drying (FD), and spray drying (SD) were studied and compared. The results showed that different drying methods had no effects on the internal structure of daylily powder. The diameter, bulk density, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, and resting angle of daylily powder treated by four drying methods were significantly different. The nutrient indexes and color of daylily powder were significantly changed after different drying methods. HD prepared daylily powder can keep higher total protein, total sugar, and vitamin C; ND and FD prepared daylily powder had higher amino acid content and better flavor retention, while SD prepared daylily powder had smaller particle size, larger specific surface area, lighter color, and strong water and oil retention, which is more favorable for its use as a food additive. Compared with the other three methods, SD has obvious advantages and can be used as the optimal drying technology of daylily powder. The development and utilization of the waste daylily resources could be improved by using the pulverizing technology. This paper provided theoretical and technical support for the full utilization of daylily resources. The purpose of the study was to grow the daylily industry chain, Putting discarded daylily to comprehensive use. Novelty impact statement: Powder processing is currently the best way to make full use of the abandoned damaged and flowered daylily resources and improves the added value.SD has obvious advantages and can be used as the optimal drying technology of daylily powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet corn kernels are easily perishable because of their high amount of moisture content. Microwave blanching was applied at the power level of 180–900 W for 30–70 s to inactivate the enzymes of sweet corn kernels. The increase in microwave power level and processing time reduced the length from 11.13 to 10.78 mm, width from 9.54 to 9.24 mm, thickness from 4.01 to 3.71 mm, true density from 1052.07 to 1012.03 kg/m3, porosity from 37.43 to 24.54%, moisture content from 70.00% to 68.93% on a wet basis, total soluble solid from 22.3 to 18.7 °Brix, total sugar from 8.80% to 6.67%, ascorbic acid from 8.04 to 5.92 mg/100 g, and peroxidase activity up to 1.37% in sweet corn kernels, but it increased the bulk density from 658.23 to 763.6 kg/m3 and total color difference up to 14.55. Novelty impact statement: The microwave blanching was found adequate for processing sweet corn kernels at the power level of 720 W for a short duration of 40 s to achieve a 90% reduction in peroxidase activity. The ascorbic acid, total sugar, overall acceptability after the microwave blanching were 6.86 mg/100 g, 7.87%, and 8.21, respectively, indicating 85, 89, and 94% retention of fresh samples properties. The total plate count was 9.1 log cfu/g in fresh kernels, which was also reduced to 1.8 log cfu/g in kernels blanched at the power level of 720 W for 40 s duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work was ultrasound‐assisted extraction of red quinoa carotenoid, and antioxidant effect of the purified carotenoid on soybean oil stability was compared with that of commercial carotenoid. Red quinoa carotenoid was extracted using 50 ml ethanol as the solvent in an ultrasonic bath at 45 ± 1°C and 20 kHz for 3 min. After the carotenoid purification, its effect on the oxidative stability of soybean oil was compared with that of commercial β‐carotene during 8 days of storage at 60°C. Peroxide value (PV), conjugated diene value (CV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, and color parameters were measured. 100 mg/kg of the commercial and natural carotenoids was the best concentration to decrease the TBA value during the 8 days of storage, compared with the other concentrations (200 and 300 mg/kg). On the last day, the samples containing 100 mg/kg of the commercial and natural carotenoids had the lowest CV, and TBA value, and lowest PV was in samples containing 200 mg/kg. In addition, the lowest PV (7.8 meq/kg) was obtained on the eighth day, owing to the performance of β‐carotene at 200 mg/kg, while the samples free of the carotenoids had the highest PV, CV, and TBA value. The samples containing the commercial antioxidant had higher b* values than those with the natural antioxidant because the commercial β‐carotene was yellower than the natural carotenoid. The samples containing the commercial carotenoid had lower a* values than those containing the natural one. Carotenoid extracted from red quinoa could influence the oxidative stability of soybean oil. Practical applications: The oxidation of fats and oils can be inhibited by using natural and synthetic antioxidants. Antioxidants, which are considered food additives, are used in the food industry to extend the shelf‐life and prevent the oxidation and degradation of edible oils. The legally allowed antioxidants to be used in edible oils are carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and tocopherol, which are more accepted by consumers than synthetic ones. Red quinoa is a rich source of carotenoids with high antioxidant activity. In this work, high‐intensity ultrasound was used as a non‐thermal and non‐destructive method to improve the extraction rate and efficiency of carotenoids from red quinoa. This technique can be used extensively in the food industry with high economical efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of processing (pre‐treatments and drying temperatures) on yellow sweet pepper was evaluated in terms of drying kinetics, physico‐chemical (non‐enzymatic browning index and color), and bioactive (carotenoids, ascorbic acid, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity) components. Drying at 60°C results in a significant increase in drying rate (540 min) and decrease in the moisture (6.36%) of the final product. All the pre‐treatments enhanced the drying kinetics relative to the control sample. The Page model was found to be the best appropriate model for explaining the slices drying behavior. Drying temperature at 60°C showed the highest retention of phenolics (706.59 mg/100 g), flavonoids (363.41 mg/100 g) and antioxidant activity (178.13 nmol/L). Sample treated with combined pre‐treatment retained maximum bioactive compounds. These results were also clearly justified by Principal Component Analysis. This study revealed that combined pre‐treatment at 60°C lowered the drying time, better bioactive retention and best preservation of color. Practical applications: Yellow sweet peppers are abundant in bioactive compounds, which have nutritional and medicinal importance. However, sweet pepper is highly perishable and not easy to store for long time. Drying is most preferable and economical method to improve shelf life of peppers. This study showed that higher drying rate, lower drying time, combined pre‐treatment resulted in the good product quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explored the effect of ultrasonication to extract ascorbic acid, protein, and total antioxidants from cashew apple bagasse. The process was designed and optimized using three independent variables and the response values were predicted individually using both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network‐genetic algorithm (ANN‐GA). The ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity and protein content extracted using RSM were 6.61 mg/g, 90.98% and 338.48 mg/g respectively whereas using ANN‐GA were 8.81 mg/g, 94.97% and 369.10 mg/g respectively at individual optimized conditions. These yields were comparatively higher in ANN‐GA than RSM. Also, the ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity and protein content were predicted using ANN‐GA around 8, 2 and 8 times higher than those of conventional solvent extraction. Further, the coefficient of determination (R2) for every response was higher and other statistical parameters were lower in ANN‐GA. Thus, the ANN‐GA is superior to the RSM in optimizing the extraction. Practical applications: The cashew apple byproducts are being underutilized by food process industries discarding as waste. Due to this, these industries are facing environmental pollution problems. Besides, the byproducts are nutritious as it has a significant amount of protein, vitamins as well as antioxidants. The ultrasound process provides the extraction of those bioactive compounds in the least usage of solvent, time and temperature. Hence, this research represents the optimum conditions of extraction of bioactive compounds from cashew apple bagasse using this green technology; it will be favorable for industries to develop value‐added products by dissipating waste disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hippophae tibetana is valuable wild edible berry, which is utilized as a supplement of food, traditional‐folk medicine system by rural populace of the Johar valley, Pithoragarh district India. The study focused on quantitating the nutrient composition, polyphenols, and free radical scavenging activities of the specie (in different solvent extracts). Results represented a various concentration range of polyphenolics and antioxidants among studied solvents, and fresh berries exhibited good sources of polyphenols (phenolics 1.64; tannins 5.87; proanthcyanidins 1.47; flavonoids 5.74; flavonols 0.62 mg/g), antioxidants, and free radical scavenging activities (FRAP 9.55; DPPH 1.35; NO·1.14; ABTS 4.10; OH· 0.69 mM AAE/100 g), nutrients (carbohydrates 2.05; proteins 0.67; methionine 0.73; proline 1.03; sodium 0.37; potassium 3.0.25 mg/g) and vitamins (vitamin C 1.03; vitamin E 0.87; Vitamin A 0.59 mg/g), respectively, followed by dry berries and pomace. Outcomes of the study revealed that acetone and methanol are good for extraction for harnessing maximum potential from the species. Practical applications: H. tibetana has emerged as a potential source of nutritional and bioactive constituents, and moderate polarity solvents (acetone and methanol) are best for extraction and acetone should be prioritized for commercial utilization.In the present scenario, several communities worldwide are focused to consume natural antioxidant compounds for improving their health, immunity, and reducing the deficiency of malnutrition. The fresh berries of H. tibetana and their processed foodstuffs can be considered an option for fulfilling the basic requirements of nutrients in the future and will be helpful for reducing deficiency of malnutrition in the Himalayan populace.Present study highlighted that berries of H. tibetana are rich sources of various nutrients, polyphenols, and antioxidant contents and for harnessing maximum potential from the species their mass scale cultivation is required. Therefore, sensitization workshops and capacity‐building programs (for skill development) should be organized in the higher Himalayas for the promotion of cultivation practices/large‐scale plantation of H. tibetana in their suitable habitat (cold desert) through participatory approaches, also required to strengthen the sub help groups (SHG). This approach will fulfill the major issues of biodiversity conservation, wasteland reclamation, and generate employment opportunities for the local communities of Himalayas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangoes are rich in vitamins, carotenes, organic acids (OA), and minerals. Sun, convective, microwave, and freeze‐drying have been adopted for mango leather processing. Raw mango pulp (RMP) was found superior in vitamin A (1.52 ± 0.06 mg/100 g) and ascorbic acid (41.58 ± 1.36 mg/100 g) content. Vitamin D was not detected in the raw or dried product. Citric acid is found highest in the RMP (633.70 ± 2.05 mg/100 g). Drying significantly affects the vitamin (decrement of 20.32%–92.69% for vitamin A, 16.58%–61.31% for tocopherols, 29.94%–143% for vitamin C), and carotene content (3.17%–87.99% decrease). An increase of 5.62% and 15.16% in propionic acid content was observed for microwave and sun‐dried products respectively, while a decrease of 6.48% to 9.98‐fold was there for other OA. Crystal formation was observed in all samples except microwave dried. Microwave drying was found the best method in terms of nutrient retention may be due to the requirement of a relatively shorter drying time. Novelty impact statement: Mango leather is a traditional snack product with high nutritional value. The in‐depth vitamins and mineral composition is studied in different processing methods along with its microstructural changes that may take place in different drying processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]