5 results on '"Virginia Slaughter"'
Search Results
2. Can a robot teach me that? Children's ability to imitate robots
- Author
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Virginia Slaughter, Andrea A. Chiba, Janet Wiles, Mark Nielsen, Kristyn Sommer, Kathryn Owen, Mohsen Malmir, and Deborah Forster
- Subjects
Motivation ,Social robot ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Robotics ,Social learning ,Object (philosophy) ,050105 experimental psychology ,Human–robot interaction ,Task (project management) ,Human–computer interaction ,Child, Preschool ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Robot ,Observational learning ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Imitation ,Psychology ,Child ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Commensurate with constant technological advances, social robots are increasingly anticipated to enter homes and classrooms; however, little is known about the efficacy of social robots as teaching tools. To investigate children's learning from robots, 1- to 3-year-olds observed either a human or a robot demonstrate two goal-directed object manipulation tasks and were then given the opportunity to act on the objects. Children exhibited less imitation from robotic models that varied with task complexity and age, a phenomenon we term the "robot deficit." In addition, the more children engaged with the robot prior to administration of the imitation task, the more likely they were to replicate the robot's actions. These findings document how children are able to learn from robots but that ongoing design of robotic platforms needs to be oriented to developing more socially engaging means of interacting.
- Published
- 2019
3. Preschool children overimitate robots, but do so less than they overimitate humans
- Author
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Janet Wiles, Virginia Slaughter, Mark Nielsen, Kristy L. Armitage, Kristyn Sommer, and Rebecca Davidson
- Subjects
Male ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Fidelity ,Child Behavior ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Human–robot interaction ,Task (project management) ,Phenomenon ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,media_common ,Motivation ,05 social sciences ,Robotics ,Social learning ,Imitative Behavior ,Social Learning ,Test (assessment) ,Child, Preschool ,Normative ,Female ,Psychology ,Humanoid robot ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Past research has indicated that young children have a propensity to adopt the causally unnecessary actions of an adult, a phenomenon known as overimitation. Among competing perspectives, social accounts suggest that overimitation satisfies social motivations, be they affiliative or normative, whereas the "copy-all/refine-later" account proposes that overimitation serves a functional purpose by giving children the greatest opportunity to acquire knowledge with little error. Until recently, these two accounts have been difficult to extricate experimentally, but the development of humanoid robots provides a novel test. Here we document that children overimitate robots, but to a lesser degree than humans and regardless of whether the redundant actions are seen to be ritualistic or functional. These results are best explained with a combined account of overimitation, whereby children approach a learning task with a copy-all/refine-later motivation, but the fidelity of the reproduction of novel behaviors is modulated by the social availability of the demonstrator.
- Published
- 2019
4. Infant and adult perceptions of possible and impossible body movements: An eye-tracking study
- Author
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Michiteru Kitazaki, Virginia Slaughter, Tomoyo Morita, Shoji Itakura, Nobuko Katayama, and Ryusuke Kakigi
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Eye Movements ,Movement ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Motion (physics) ,Pupil ,Developmental psychology ,Judgment ,Child Development ,Cognition ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Japan ,Perception ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Pupillary response ,medicine ,Humans ,media_common ,Age Factors ,Infant ,Eye movement ,Body movement ,Robotics ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Visual Perception ,Eye tracking ,Female ,Arousal ,Psychology ,Humanoid robot - Abstract
This study investigated how infants perceive and interpret human body movement. We recorded the eye movements and pupil sizes of 9- and 12-month-old infants and of adults (N = 14 per group) as they observed animation clips of biomechanically possible and impossible arm movements performed by a human and by a humanoid robot. Both 12-month-old infants and adults spent more time looking at the elbows during impossible compared with possible arm movements, irrespective of the appearance of the actor. These results suggest that by 12 months of age, infants recognize biomechanical constraints on how arms move, and they extend this knowledge to humanoid robots. Adults exhibited more pupil dilation in response to the human’s impossible arm movements compared with the possible ones, but 9- and 12-month-old infants showed no differential pupil dilation to the same actions. This finding suggests that the processing of human body movements might still be immature in 12-month-olds, as they did not show an emotional response to biomechanically impossible body movements. We discuss these findings in relation to the hypothesis that perception of others’ body movements relies upon the infant’s own sensorimotor experience.
- Published
- 2012
5. Children with autism spectrum disorder are skilled at reading emotion body language
- Author
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Virginia Slaughter, Celia A. Brownell, and Candida C. Peterson
- Subjects
Male ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Theory of Mind ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Empathy ,Neuropsychological Tests ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,Child Development ,Social cognition ,Theory of mind ,Emotion perception ,Kinesics ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,media_common ,medicine.disease ,Verbal reasoning ,Body language ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Child, Preschool ,Autism ,Female ,Psychology - Abstract
Autism is commonly believed to impair the ability to perceive emotions, yet empirical evidence is mixed. Because face processing may be difficult for those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we developed a novel test of recognizing emotion via static body postures (Body-Emotion test) and evaluated it with children aged 5 to 12 years in two studies. In Study 1, 34 children with ASD and 41 typically developing (TD) controls matched for age and verbal intelligence (VIQ [verbal IQ]) were tested on (a) our new Body-Emotion test, (b) a widely used test of emotion recognition using photos of eyes as stimuli (Baron-Cohen et al.’s “Reading Mind in the Eyes: Child” or RMEC [Journal of Developmental and Learning Disorders, 2001, Vol. 5, pp. 47–78]), (c) a well-validated theory of mind (ToM) battery, and (d) a teacher-rated empathy scale. In Study 2 (33 children with ASD and 31 TD controls), the RMEC test was simplified to the six basic human emotions. Results of both studies showed that children with ASD performed as well as their TD peers on the Body-Emotion test. Yet TD children outperformed the ASD group on ToM and on both the standard RMEC test and the simplified version. VIQ was not related to perceiving emotions via either body posture or eyes for either group. However, recognizing emotions from body posture was correlated with ToM, especially for children with ASD. Finally, reading emotions from body posture was easier than reading emotions from eyes for both groups.
- Published
- 2014
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