1. The ability of an ethanol extract of Cinnamomum cassia to inhibit Src and spleen tyrosine kinase activity contributes to its anti-inflammatory action
- Author
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Yong Jin Lee, Sabin Lee, Jaehwi Lee, Tao Yu, Hyun-Jae Jang, Jae Youl Cho, Tae Woong Kim, Woo Seok Yang, and Sun Young Kim
- Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides ,Male ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ,Syk ,Pharmacology ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Genes, Reporter ,Cassia ,Drug Discovery ,Medicine ,biology ,Kinase ,Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,NF-kappa B ,Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ,src-Family Kinases ,Biochemistry ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Inflammation Mediators ,Signal Transduction ,Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src ,Nitric Oxide ,Transfection ,Dinoprostone ,Animals ,Humans ,Syk Kinase ,RNA, Messenger ,Kinase activity ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,Plants, Medicinal ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Ethanol ,Plant Extracts ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,business.industry ,Macrophages ,Cinnamomum aromaticum ,NF-κB ,biology.organism_classification ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,HEK293 Cells ,chemistry ,Cyclooxygenase 2 ,Solvents ,business ,Cinnamomum - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Cinnamomum cassia Blume (Aceraceae) has been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases such as gastritis. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Cinnamomum cassia has not been fully elucidated. This study examined the anti-inflammatory mechanism of 95% ethanol extract (Cc-EE) of Cinnamomum cassia. Materials and methods The effect of Cc-EE on the production of inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages was investigated. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects, especially inhibitory effects, was elucidated by analyzing the activation of transcription factors and their upstream signaling, and by evaluating the kinase activity of target enzymes. Results Cc-EE of Cinnamomum cassia diminished the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and prostaglandin (PG)E2, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Cc-EE also blocked mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and TNF-α by suppressing the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and simultaneously inhibited its upstream inflammatory signaling cascades, including spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and Src. Consistent with these findings, the extract directly blocked the kinase activities of Src and Syk. Conclusion Cc-EE exerts strong anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing Src/Syk-mediated NF-κB activation, which contributes to its major ethno-pharmacological role as an anti-gastritis remedy. Future work will be focused on determining whether the extract can be further developed as an anti-inflammatory drug.
- Published
- 2012