Search

Colombian flora includes plant families such as Labiatae and Verbenaceae which are employed for treatment of several diseases. In this study, the chemical compositions of essential oils belonging to Labiatae and Verbenaceae families were determined by GC-MS and GC-FID, respectively. The antiviral activity of forty essential oils of these plants and some monoterpenes were evaluated on Human Herpes Viruses types 1 and 2 using end-point titration technique (EPTT). Furthermore, the essential oils and monoterpenes with higher activity reported in the screening were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect on pre-infective stages. The essential oils with the most anti-herpetic activity were those of Labiatae family with Rf values of 1 × 102 and 1 × 103 against one Tissue Culture Infectious Dose 50 (TCID50) of HHV-1 and HHV-2. Moreover Lepechinia salvifolia, Hyptis mutabilis, Lepechinia vulcanicola, Mintostachys mollis and Ocimum campechianum essential oils showed inhibitory activity in the early stages of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC) method was developed for the preparative separation of patchouli alcohol. The separation was performed with a nonaqueous two-phase solvent system consisting of petroleum ether (bp.30-60 °C)-acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) in descending separation mode. A total of more than 2 g of patchouli alcohol was isolated from the essential oil (12.5 g) in 300 min. This component was separated and identified by comparing its retention time and MS data with the standard substance analyzed by GC/MS. The purity was more than 98%. About 450 mL petroleum ether and 550 mL acetonitrile were used for a single run, and 60% and 80% of petroleum ether and acetonitrile could be recovered for next run, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the inflorescence (I), leaf (L) and stem (S) essential oils of wild Mentha pulegium plants from three populations (1-3) on the island of Zakynthos were examined. Pulegone (32.8 %, S1 to 75.8 %, I3) was the major constituent of all of the oils. The other main constituents were piperitenone (5.1 %, L3 to 35 %, I2), isomenthone (4.3 %, I2 to 28.6 %, L3) and piperitone (0.5 %, I3 to 5.2 %, L2). In total, C-3-oxygenated p-menthane compounds constituted from 73.0 % (S1) to 96.2 % (I2) of the oils. The piperitenone content of the inflorescence oils was up to 2.4 (Loc 3) times higher than that of the leaf oils. Correspondingly, the isomenthone content of the leaf oils was up to 4.2 (Loc 2) times higher than that of the inflorescence oils. The ratio of the isomenthone:piperitenone content of the oils (n=3) was markedly different for the inflorescence (mean 0.31 ±SD 0.21), leaf (mean 2.91 ± SD 2.37) and stem (mean 1.12 ± SD 0.68) oils. The essential oil yields (mL /100g DW) were for the inflorescences 3.1-5.0 %, leaves 3.1-4.0 %, stems <0.1-0.1% and whole plant (aerial parts) 2.4-3.9 % and are among the highest oil yields reported to date in Greece for M. pulegium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild Mentha spicata plants from 3 locations on the Island of Zakynthos had essential oil yields (mL /100g DW) ranging from 0.5-1.1 %. The main oil constituents were trans-piperitone oxide, piperitenone oxide and 1,8-cineole. On a whole plant basis (aerial parts) the trans-piperitone oxide content ranged from 1.4 % location (Loc 1) to 32.5 % (Loc 3) and appeared to have an inverse relationship with the 1,8-cineole content which ranged from 10.8 % (Loc 3) to 37.9 % (Loc 1). 1,8-cineole was the major oil constituent (37.9 %) of M. spicata plants from Loc 1. The major constituent of the inflorescence oils was piperitenone oxide which ranged from 32.4 % (Loc 3) to 46.3 % of the oil (Loc 1). The major constituent of the leaf oils was 1,8-cineole (40.5 %) in plants from Loc 1 and trans-piperitone oxide in plants from Loc 2 (19.8 %) and Loc 3 (33.5 %). This is the first report for wild populations in Greece of a M. spicata oil in which 1,8-cineole is the major constituent. The observed variation in essential oil composition between locations and plant organs in July would not appear to be directly related to the climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourteen Tunisian Mentha pulegium L. populations were assessed for their extract composition by GC and GC/ MS. They were collected in different geographical areas corresponding with their bioclimates. Thirty-four components representing 78.4% of the total extract were identified. Pulegone (41.8%), followed by isomenthone (11.3%) and carvone (6.2%) were the main compounds. The amounts of menthofuran and menthol did not exceed 3.7% and 2.8%, respectively. Differences in the extract compositions were recorded among populations, and three bioclimate related chemotypes were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oils of Phlomis rigida Labill. and P. samia L. (Lamiaceae) obtained from the aerial parts by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. P. rigida (albino and normal form) oils were found to be rich in β-caryophyllene (31.2% and 38.7%, respectively) and β-selinene (13.1% and 15.1%, respectively). P. samia oil contained germacrene D (33.8%) and β-caryophyllene (6.4%) as major components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-six samples of Thymus serpyllum ssp. serpyllum were collected from 14 habitats in Lithuania and the composition of their essential oils were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC/MS. The study revealed remarkable infraspecific variation in the oil composition. Five main groups of the plants were observed using hierarchical cluster analysis based on the major essential oil constituents. Consequently, five chemotypes of T. serpyllum have been defined, namely 1,8-cineole, germacrene B, (E)-β-ocimene, α-cadinol and cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol. It was concluded that there is no clear relation in the oil composition between the studied varieties and chemotypes. Two chemotypes were defined within the ssp. serpyllum var. serpyllum, two chemotypes within the ssp. serpyllum var. lineatus, and one chemotype within ssp. serpyllum var. rigidus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of harvesting time on the quality and quantity of mint oils produced from plants grown in short summer and long-day climatic conditions of northern Finland (64°40′N and 25°E) was examined to determine what growth stage is best for cutting to obtain the highest possible biomass (herb yield), oil content and suitable oil composition. In the field experiment, plants cut only once at the end of August were compared with those of two cuttings. The first cut was at the beginning of August and the second cut in the middle of September. The mint species were Mentha piperita L."peppermint", M. canadensis "cornmint", M. canadensis "Sakhalin mint" and M. spicata L. "spearmint." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of the essential oil of the aerial part of Nepeta pannonica L. from Kazakhstan was investigated by GC and GC/MS. Sixty components were characterized from N. pannonica with 1,8-cineole (28.9%), and 4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone (14.3%) as the major constituents. The oil of N. pannonica was more phytotoxic to bentgrass compared to lettuce seeds, with 100% growth inhibition observed at 0.3, and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oils of 14 samples of Lippia glandulosa collected in the "Lavrado" area, Roraima state, North Brazil, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Two chemical groups were characterized in the oils, one which was rich in thymol (46.3-78.1%), and another containing β-caryophyllene (17.3-59.4%) as the major component. In the first group the compounds p-cymene (5.1-7.2%) and β-caryophyllene (4.1-9.2%) have been associated to thymol in six of the analyzed oil samples. On the other hand, the second group showed variable association with (E)-nerolidol (0.7-23.6%), trans-α-bergamotene (0.2-19.3%), α-alaskene (3.4-16.0%), α-pinene (1.2-7.8%), α-humulene (2.6-6.0%), caryophyllene oxide (1.9-6.0%) and linalool (0.9-5.0%), in the other eight oil samples, justifying the field observation concerning the plant scent variability at the same collection site and the chemical composition differentiation observed to L. glandulosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a combination of GC and GC/MS, we studied the Origanum bastetanum Soc. essential oil obtained from the aerial parts submitted to three different cut-off heights of three-year-old plants, established from micropropagated specimens. Over 80 components were identified, the major ones, in all cases, being γ-terpinene (32.0-37.0%), thymol (29.5-31.6%), p-cymene (7.0-8.8%) and β-caryophyllene (5.0-6.9%). Therefore, this Spanish Origanum species can be classified as belonging to the terpenphenolic oregano group, in contrast to the wild specimens, the main component of which is cis-sabinene hydrate (cis-thujanol). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seeds of two populations of oregano (O. cordifolium) harvested in Cyprus were sown at a research station in France. The resulting plants were planted in triplicate in a Fischer block design. The oils, which were produced by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oils were found to be rich in α-terpineol (45.9-55.7%) of homogeneous composition irrespective of their origin or replicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis by GC/MS of samples of essential oils obtained from aerial parts of Hedeoma mandoniana allowed the identification of 58 components. The main components were pulegone (37-46%), 1,8-cineole (10-14%), linalool (7-12%) and 1-octen-3-yl acetate (7-12%). We investigated the efficacy of these oils against the Chagas' insect disease vectors (Triatoma infestans Klug or Rhodnius neglectus Lent) bugs by topical application. Two samples showed a moderate activity (33.3% of mortality) on Rhodnius neglectus exemplars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of the fruit oil of Gmelina arborea Roxb., Verbenaceae, was examined by capillary gas chromatography (CC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (CC/MS). One hundred components were identified which accounted for 92.7% of the oil including 24 trace compounds. The ubiquitous terpenes occurred in lesser amount. The fruit oil was characterized by the abundance of(Z)-3-hexenol (17.9%), 1-octen-3-ol(8.4%) and hexanol (6.1%) among the aliphatic alcohols; heptacosane (5.6%), pentacosane (3.8%) and 1-pentacosene (3.2%) among the hydrocarbons; and nonanal (8.7%) and (E)-2-decenal (3.0%) as the main aldehyde constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Salvia persepolitana Benth., which is endemic to Iran, and Salvia rhytidea Benth. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Manool (37.3%) was the main component among the twenty-three constituents characterized in the oil of S. persepolitana representing 90.0% of the total components detected. The oil of S. rhytidea was characterized by higher amounts of terpinolene (27.0%), sabinene (17.5%) and limonene (14.9%) which were among the twenty-two components comprising 98.3% of the total oil detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of Marrubium astracanicum Jacq. growing wild in Iran was obtained by hydrodistallation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Seventy-two components representing 86.5% of the total oil were identified. The main components of the oil were β-caryophyllene (21.2%) and valeranone (5.4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oils of three Hungarian cultivated thymes (Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb, Thymus x citriodorus "archer's gold") were obtained by steam distillation of air-dried plant materials and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Three different chemotypes were found. In the oil of T. vulgaris thymol (45.6%), in T. x citriodorus geraniol (39.2%) and in T. x citriodorus, "archer's gold," carvacrol (43.5%) was the main component. Among the other constituents, p-cymene, β-caryophyllene, geranial, 1,8-cineole and γ-terpinene were characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oils from fresh plant material of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) were subjected to GC/MS analysis in order to determine the impact of the locality altitudes and seasonal variations on their volatile constituents. The sage plant material was collected from two different localities (altitudes 110 and 400 m) in central Herzegovina near Mostar and at four different stages of development: vegetative period (leaves and stalks, January 2003), prior to flowering (leaves and stalks, April 2003), in the course of flowering (flowering tops, leaves and stalks, May 2003) and after flowering (leaves and stalks, August 2003). The oil yields varied from 0.29% to 1.07%. The qualitative composition of the components appeared to be constant. However, there were notable differences in the amounts of several compounds depending on the stages of plant development. The main components were α-thujone (9.3-35.6%), camphor (6.9-29.1%) and viridiflorol (6.0-24.0%). Other important components were α-humulene (3.1-13.6%), manool (3.0-13.3%), 1,8-cineole (8.6-12.7%) and borneol (2.0-5.5%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teurium atratum (Lamiaceae) is an endemic species growing in northeastern Algeria, where it is used in a mint tea drink. The volatile compounds obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts of T. atratum were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty compounds were characterized, representing 96.9% of the essential oil, with T-cadinol (45.8%), thymol (22.7%) and carvacrol (14.0%) as the main components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Stachys obtusicrena Boiss. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eighty-three components were identified in the oil. Spathulenol (11.5%) and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (6.8%) were the main compounds in the oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of the leaf oils of Lippia strigulosa (Mart. et Gal.) Mold. and Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb. were studied by GC and GC/MS. Eighty-two compounds of the oil of L. strigulosa were identified of which spathulenol (19.4%) was the major constituent. In the oil of N. coriacea, 87 compounds were identified of which valerianol (16.7%) and γ-eudesmol (12.3%) were the major components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocimum tenuiflorum L.f. (syn. O. sanctum L.) (Lamiaceae) is an indigenous ayurvedic medicinal plant of India and is popularly known as holy basil/sacred basil. Oils obtained by hydrodistillation from leaves, stems, inflorescence and whole herb were analyzed by GC and GC/MS and retention indices. Methyl eugenol was the major constituent of all the oils (72.5%, 75.3%, 83.7% and 65.2% in oils from whole herb, leaf, stem and inflorescence, respectively). β-Caryophyllene was the second most dominant constituent and the respective concentration in each oil (5.5%, 6.4%, 2.7% and 12.0%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of Nepeta curviflora Boiss. (Lamiaceae) grown in Lebanon, obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts, was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-five compounds were identified constituting 93.2% of the oil, the major components being β-caryophyllene (50.2%), caryophyllene oxide (6.4%) and (E)-β-farnesene (5.3%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of Phlomis cancellata Bunge (Labiatae) collected from the suburb of Nour, northern Iran, in July 2004, was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS for the first time. Fifty-three components were identified in this oil. The major constituents of the essential oil were germacrene D (25.6%) and α-pinene (6.4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volatile constituents of Vitex pseudo-negundo (Hausskn.) Hand.-Mzt. were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed via GC and GC/MS. The major constituents of the leaf oil were α-pinene (35.9%), limonene (12.2%) and bicyclogermacrene (9.5%), while the fruit oil contained α-pinene (31.7%), bicyclogermacrene (14.5%) and limonene (11.5%), and the flower oil contained α-pinene (14.7%), bicyclogermacrene (8.3%) and limonene (5.8%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oil composition of Thymus bracteosus Vis. ex Bentham, collected from Montenegro, was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil yield was 0.15%. Twenty-seven components were identified. Terpene hydrocarbons were dominant in the oil (68.5%). The main constituents of the oil were germacrene D (15.5%), β-caryophyllene (14.6%), p-cymene (10.2%) and α-pinene (7.2%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hymenocrater elegans Bunge was collected from Firoozkooh in northeast Iran in July 2003. Dried leaves of the plant were steam distilled in a Kaiser-Lang apparatus for 45 min. The oil was produced at the yield of 0.1% (based on dry weight). GC and GC/MS analysis of this oil revealed the presence of 33 compounds, among which germacrene D (10.2%), β-caryophyllene (9.7%), α-humulene (9.6%), β-bourbonene (7.1%) and germacrene B (6.9%) were the major constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Nepeta kotschyi Boiss. growing wild in Iran have been examined by GC/FID and GC/MS. Eleven components were identified, constituting approximately 97.7% of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were 4aβ,7α,7aα-nepetalactone (92.0%), 1,8-cineole (2.6%), β-pinene (0.9%), pulegone (0.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (0.3%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of the dried flowering aerial parts of Lallemantia iberica Fisch. et C.A. Mey. (Labiatae), collected from the suburb of Larijan, north of Iran, in July 2003, was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. Among the 26 components identified in this oil, p-cymene (22.1%), isophytol (19.8%), T-cadinol (11.1%), 3-octanol (8.1%), caryophyllene oxide (7.4%) and terpinen-4-ol (5.7%) were the major constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerial parts of Nepeta menthoides Boiss. et Bushe were collected from Samian Research Station in Ardabil province (Sabalan mountains) of Iran in June 2002. Plant material was hydrodistilled in an all-glass apparatus for 3 h to produce a light-yellow oil at the yield of 1.2% (based on dry weight). GC and GC/MS analyses of the oil revealed presence of 18 compounds, among which 1,8-cineole (57.3%), α-pinene (8.8%) and geranyl acetate (8.1%) were the major constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water-distilled essential oils from aerial parts of Phlomis persica Boiss. and Phlomis olivieri Benth., which are endemic to Iran, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil of P. persica was found to contain germacrene D (38.2%), bicyclogermacrene (16.3%) and α-pinene (13.3%) as major constituents. The oil of P. oliveri was characterized also by higher amount of germacrene D (26.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (12.7%). Both oils consisted mainly of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreber ssp. chamaepitys has been studied by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-six compounds were identified and γ-muurolene (40.3%), limonene (20.5%) and germacrene B (7.8%) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils from the leaves of Thymus vulgaris L. collected from Caxias do Sul (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil) were isolated by hydrodistillation with an average oil yield of 0.25%. Twenty-two components were identified by CC and GC/MS analysis. Thymol was found to be the most abundant constituent (31.5-52.4%), followed by p-cymene (17.1-34.4%). Thyme possessed a higher oil yield and the oil was richer in oxygenated compounds when harvested in the spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]