9 results
Search Results
2. Evaluating effects of recent changes in NHS resource allocation policy on inequalities in amenable mortality in England, 2007-2014: time-series analysis.
- Author
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Currie, Jonny, Guzman Castillo, Maria, Adekanmbi, Victor, Barr, Ben, and O'Flaherty, Martin
- Subjects
MORTALITY prevention ,MORTALITY ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,INCOME ,MEDICAL care ,HEALTH policy ,NATIONAL health services ,POLICY sciences ,TIME ,TIME series analysis ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,FINANCIAL management - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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3. Can we reduce health inequalities? An analysis of the English strategy (1997-2010).
- Author
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Mackenbach, Johan P.
- Subjects
INFANT mortality ,CLINICAL medicine ,GOAL (Psychology) ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH status indicators ,HEALTH policy ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,SOCIAL classes ,SAMPLE size (Statistics) ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,KEY performance indicators (Management) ,HUMAN services programs ,PREVENTION - Abstract
England was the first European country to pursue a systematic policy to reduce socio-economic inequalities in health. This paper assesses whether this strategy has worked, and what lessons can be learnt. A review of documents was conducted, as well as an analysis of entry-points chosen, specific policies chosen, implementation of these policies, changes in intermediate outcomes, and changes in final health outcomes. Despite some partial successes, the strategy failed to reach its own targets, that is, a 10% reduction in inequalities in life expectancy and infant mortality. This is due to the fact that it did not address the most relevant entry-points, did not use effective policies and was not delivered at a large enough scale for achieving population-wide impacts. Health inequalities can only be reduced substantially if governments have a democratic mandate to make the necessary policy changes, if demonstrably effective policies can be developed, and if these policies are implemented on the scale needed to reach the overall targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A labour of Sisyphus? Public policy and health inequalities research from the Black and Acheson Reports to the Marmot Review.
- Author
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Bambra, C., Smith, K. E., Garthwaite, K., Joyce, K. E., and Hunter, D. J.
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PREVENTION of obesity ,EDUCATION ,EMPLOYMENT ,EXERCISE ,FOOD ,GREENHOUSE effect ,HEALTH behavior ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HOUSING ,MATHEMATICAL models ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL research ,NATIONAL health services ,PRACTICAL politics ,TRANSPORTATION ,WORK environment ,THEORY ,GOVERNMENT policy ,LIFESTYLES - Abstract
Objectives To explore similarities and differences in policy content and the political context of the three main English government reports on health inequalities: the Black Report (1980), the Acheson Enquiry (1998), and the Marmot Review (2010). Methods Thematic policy and context analysis of the Black Report (1980), the Acheson Enquiry (1998), and the Marmot Review (2010) in terms of: (i) underpinningtheoretical principles; (ii) policy recommendations; (iii) the political contexts in which each was released; and (iv) their actual or potential influence on research and policy. Results There were great similarities and very few differences in terms of both the theoretical principles guiding the recommendations of these reports and the focus of the recommendations themselves. However, there were clear differences in terms of the political contexts of each report, as well as their subsequent impacts on research and policy. Conclusion The paper calls into question the progress of health inequalities research, the use of evidence and of the links between research, politics and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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5. The impact of New Labour's English health inequalities strategy on geographical inequalities in infant mortality: a time-trend analysis.
- Author
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Robinson, Tomos, Brown, Heather, Norman, Paul D., Fraser, Lorna K., Barr, Ben, and Bambra, Clare
- Subjects
CONFIDENCE intervals ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH status indicators ,HEALTH policy ,INFANT mortality ,POPULATION geography ,REGRESSION analysis ,PREVENTION - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Increasing socioeconomic gap between the young and old: temporal trends in health and overall deprivation in England by age, sex, urbanity and ethnicity, 2004-2015.
- Author
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Kontopantelis, Evangelos, Mamas, Mamas A., van Marwijk, Harm, Buchan, Iain, Ryan, Andrew M., and Doran, Tim
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AGE distribution ,ETHNIC groups ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH status indicators ,HEALTH policy ,RECESSIONS ,RESEARCH funding ,RURAL conditions ,SEX distribution ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,HEALTH equity ,CROSS-sectional method - Published
- 2018
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7. Health trajectories in regeneration areas in England: the impact of the New Deal for Communities intervention.
- Author
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Walthery, Pierre, Stafford, Mai, Nazroo, James, Whitehead, Margaret, Dibben, Christopher, Halliday, Emma, Povall, Sue, and Popay, Jennie
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CONFIDENCE intervals ,HEALTH promotion ,HEALTH status indicators ,HEALTH policy ,MENTAL health ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SATISFACTION ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,HEALTH equity ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background A large body of evidence documents the adverse relationship between concentrated deprivation and health. Among the evaluations of regeneration initiatives to tackle these spatial inequalities, few have traced the trajectories of individuals over time and fewer still have employed counterfactual comparison. We investigate the impact of one such initiative in England, the New Deal for Communities (NDC), which ran from 1999 to 2011, on socioeconomic inequalities in health trajectories. Methods Latent Growth Curve modelling of within-person changes in self-rated health, mental health and life satisfaction between 2002 and 2008 of an analytical cohort of residents of 39 disadvantaged areas of England in which the NDC was implemented, compared with residents of comparator, non-intervention areas, focusing on: (1) whether differences over time in outcomes can be detected between NDC and comparator areas and (2) whether interventions may have altered socioeconomic differences in outcomes. Results No evidence was found for an overall improvement in the three outcomes, or for significant differences in changes in health between respondents in NDC versus comparator areas. However, we found a weakly significant gap in life satisfaction and mental health between high and low socioeconomic status individuals in comparator areas which widened over time to a greater extent than in NDC areas. Change over time in the three outcomes was non-linear: individual improvements among NDC residents were largest before 2006. Conclusions There is limited evidence that the NDC moderated the impact of socioeconomic factors on menta health and life satisfaction trajectories. Furthermore, any NDC impact was strongest in the first 6 years of the programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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8. Geographical variation in cancer survival in England, 1991--2006: an analysis by Cancer Network.
- Author
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Walters, Sarah, Quaresma, Manuela, Coleman, Michel P., Gordon, Emma, Forman, David, and Rachet, Bernard
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AGE distribution ,ANALYSIS of variance ,BREAST tumors ,CANCER patients ,CERVICAL cancer ,COMMUNITY health services ,COMPARATIVE studies ,STATISTICAL correlation ,REPORTING of diseases ,HEALTH services accessibility ,INFORMATION services ,LIFE expectancy ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MAPS ,HEALTH policy ,POPULATION geography ,RESEARCH funding ,SEX distribution ,STATISTICS ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
Background Reducing geographical inequalities in cancer survival in England was a key aim of the Calman-Hine Report (1995) and the NHS Cancer Plan (2000). This study assesses whether geographical inequalities changed following these policy developments by analysing the trend in 1-year relative survival in the 28 cancer networks of England. Methods Population-based age-standardised relative survival at 1 year is estimated for 1.4 million patients diagnosed with cancer of the oesophagus, stomach, colon, lung, breast (women) or cervix in England during 1991-2006 and followed up to 2007. Regional and deprivation-specific life tables are built to adjust survival estimates for differences in background mortality. Analysis is divided into three calendar periods: 1991-5, 1996-2000 and 2001-6. Funnel plots are used to assess geographical variation in survival over time. Results One-year relative survival improved for all cancers except cervical cancer. There was a wide geographical variation in survival with generally lower estimates in northern England. This north-south divide became less marked over time, although the overall number of cancer networks that were lower outliers compared with the England value remained stable. Breast cancer was the only cancer for which there was a marked reduction in geographical inequality in survival over time. Conclusion Policy changes over the past two decades coincided with improved relative survival, without an increase in geographical variation. The north-south divide in relative survival became less pronounced over time but geographical inequalities persist. The reduction in geographical inequality in breast cancer survival may be followed by a similar trend for other cancers, provided government recommendations are implemented similarly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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9. Health impact assessment as an agent of policy change: improving the health impacts of the mayor of London's draft transport strategy.
- Author
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Mindell J, Sheridan L, Joffe M, Samson-Barry H, and Atkinson S
- Subjects
TRAVEL hygiene ,HEALTH policy - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To increase the positive and mitigate the negative health impacts of the mayor's draft transport strategy for London. DESIGN: A rapid prospective health impact assessment (HIA) of the penultimate draft of the strategy, using a review commissioned by the regional director of public health; an appraisal of congestion charging; and a participatory workshop. Two audits of changes were performed to assess the impact on policy of the HIA process. SETTING: Regional government policy development. INTERVENTION: Recommendations from the rapid HIA were fed back into the drafting process. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Changes (a) between the penultimate draft and the draft for public consultation and (b) between that and the final mayoral strategy. RESULTS: The draft transport strategy published for consultation differed in a number of respects from the previous version. Almost all the recommendations from the HIA were incorporated into the final strategy. Significant changes included promoting sustainable travel plans for workplaces and schools; giving priority to infrastructure and services that benefit London's deprived communities; increased emphasis on promoting walking and cycling and reducing reliance on private cars; and a commitment to track the health impacts of the final strategy and its implementation. Specific additions included re-allocating road space. CONCLUSION: HIA was successful in influencing the transport strategy for London, resulting in several improvements from a health viewpoint. HIA is an effective method both for bringing about significant change in policy proposals and in increasing policy makers' understanding of determinants of health and hence in changing attitudes of policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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