Search

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.01.014 Byline: Rafael Marce (a)(b), Enrique Moreno-Ostos (b)(c), Jose Ma Garcia-Barcina (d), Joan Armengol (b) Abstract: Selection of reservoir location, the floodable basin forest handling, and the design of dam structures devoted to water supply (e.g. water outlets) constitute relevant features which strongly determine water quality and frequently demand management strategies to be adopted. Although these crucial aspects should be carefully examined during dam design before construction, currently the development of ad hoc limnological studies tailoring dam location and dam structures to the water quality characteristics expected in the future reservoir is not typical practice. In this study, we use numerical simulation to assist on the design of a new dam project in Spain with the aim of maximizing the quality of the water supplied by the future reservoir. First, we ran a well-known coupled hydrodynamic and biogeochemical dynamic numerical model (DYRESM-CAEDYM) to simulate the potential development of anoxic layers in the future reservoir. Then, we generated several scenarios corresponding to different potential hydraulic conditions and outlet configurations. Second, we built a simplified numerical model to simulate the development of the hypolimnetic oxygen content during the maturation stage after the first reservoir filling, taking into consideration the degradation of the terrestrial organic matter flooded and the adoption of different forest handling scenarios. Results are discussed in terms of reservoir design and water quality management. The combination of hypolimnetic withdrawal from two deep outlets and the removal of all the valuable terrestrial vegetal biomass before flooding resulted in the best water quality scenario. Author Affiliation: (a) Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Cientific i TecnolA[sup.2]gic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain (b) Fluvial Dynamics and Hydrologic Engineering (FLUMEN), Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (c) Department of Ecology and Geology, University of Malaga, Campus Universitario Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, Spain (d) Subdireccion de Desarrollo Sostenible, Consorcio de Aguas Bilbao Bizkaia, San Vicente 8, 48001 Bilbao, Spain Article History: Received 16 April 2009; Revised 19 January 2010; Accepted 28 January 2010

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.10.010 Byline: Pablo CaA[+ or -]izares, Ruben Paz, Cristina Saez, Manuel A. Rodrigo Abstract: In the work described here the technical and economic feasibilities of three Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have been studied: Conductive-Diamond Electrochemical Oxidation (CDEO), Ozonation and Fenton oxidation. The comparison was made by assessing the three technologies with synthetic wastewaters polluted with different types of organic compounds and also with actual wastes (from olive oil mills and from a fine-chemical manufacturing plant). All three technologies were able to treat the wastes, but very different results were obtained in terms of efficiency and mineralization. Only CDEO could achieve complete mineralization of the pollutants for all the wastes. However, the efficiencies were found to depend on the concentration of pollutant (mass transfer control of the oxidation rate). Results obtained in the oxidation with ozone (at pH 12) or by Fenton's reagent were found to depend on the nature of the pollutants, and significant concentrations of oxidation-refractory compounds were usually accumulated during the treatment. Within the discharge limits that all of the technologies can reach, the economic analysis shows that the operating cost of Fenton oxidation is lower than either CDEO or ozonation, although CD\EO can compete satisfactorily with the Fenton process in the treatment of several kinds of wastes. Likewise, the investment cost for the ozonation process seems to be higher than either CDEO or Fenton oxidation, regardless of the pollutant treated. Author Affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain Article History: Received 23 April 2007; Revised 2 October 2007; Accepted 30 October 2007

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.005 Byline: R.R. Marcello (a), S. Galato (b), M. Peterson (a)(c), H.G. Riella (c), A.M. Bernardin (a)(c) Keywords: Acid mine drainage; Pigments; Glazes; Ceramic tiles Abstract: Continuous industrial development increases energy consumption and, consequently, the consumption of fossil fuels. Coal mineral has been used in Brazil as a solid fuel for thermoelectric generators for several years. However, coal exploitation affects the environment intensely, mainly because Brazilian coal contains excess ash and pyrite (iron disulfide). According to the local coal industry syndicate, the average annual coal run per mine is 6 million ton/year; 3.5 million ton/year are rejected and disposed of in landfills. Besides pyrite, Brazilian coal contains Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ge, Se, and Co. Additionally, the water used for coal beneficiation causes pyrite oxidation, forming an acid mine drainage (AMD). This drainage solubilizes the metals, transporting them into the environment, making treatment a requirement. This work deals with the use of sedimented residue from treated coal mine drainage sludge to obtain inorganic pigments that could be used in the ceramic industry. The residue was dried, ground and calcined ([approximately equal to]1250[degrees]C). The calcined pigment was then micronized (D.sub.50[approximately equal to]2[mu]m). Chemical (XRF), thermal (DTA/TG), particle size (laser), and mineralogical (XRD) analyses were carried out on the residue. After calcination and micronization, mineralogical analyses (XRD) were used to determine the pigment structure at 1250[degrees]C. Finally, the pigments were mixed with transparent glaze and fired in a laboratory roller kiln (1130[degrees]C, 5min). The results were promising, showing that brown colors can be obtained with pigments made by residues. Author Affiliation: (a) Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitaria 1105, Bairro Universitario, CEP 88.806-000, Criciuma, Santa Catarina, Brazil (b) Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais e Tecnologicas, Rodovia Governador Jorge Lacerda km 4,5, Bairro Universitario, CEP 88.805-350, Criciuma, Santa Catarina, Brazil (c) Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitario, Trindade, CEP 88.040-900, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Article History: Received 2 April 2006; Revised 30 May 2007; Accepted 2 July 2007

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.05.014 Byline: VAcentsnia P. Campos, Angela Cristina A. Costa, Tania M. Tavares Keywords: Rain neutralization; Seaspray; Wet deposition; Marine aerosol Abstract: In the RecA[acute accent]ncavo of Bahia (located between 12[degrees]33' and 13[degrees]10'S and 38[degrees]00'and 39[degrees]00'W), there are significant discharges of SO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x due to local, industrial and urban activities. The incoming air masses from the Atlantic Ocean are enriched with seaspray, which neutralizes part of the rain acidity. The extent of seaspray neutralization of rain acidity was quantified in four sites of the region, each with different loads of seaspray. Rain samples were obtained daily at the same time, integrating the precipitation of the previous 24h, using wet-only collectors and analyzed for pH by potentiometry and for sodium by flame photometry. The amount of rain acidity in RecA[acute accent]ncavo neutralized by seaspray ranged from Author Affiliation: LAQUAM -- Laboratorio de Quimica Analitica Ambiental, Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Instituto de Quimica da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitario de Ondina, s/n CEP 40170-290, Salvador, BA, Brazil Article History: Received 8 June 2005; Revised 10 May 2006; Accepted 18 May 2006

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.09.011 Byline: A.M. Jimenez (a), R. Borja (b), A. Martin (c), F. Raposo (b) Keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Kinetics; Vinasses; Penicillium decumbens Abstract: A kinetic study was carried out on the anaerobic digestion of untreated vinasses and vinasses previously fermented with Penicillium decumbens. Two 1-l volume continuous-flow stirred tank reactors (CFSTR) operating at mesophilic temperature (35[degrees]C) were used for the study. One reactor was fed with untreated vinasses (COD concentration of 80.5g/l) and the other with vinasses previously fermented (COD concentration of 23.0g/l). Both reactors were operated at organic loading rates in the range of 1.5-7.5g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/l-d. The results obtained were evaluated using the Chen-Hashimoto methane production model to determine the values of the maximum specific growth rate ([mu].sub.max) and the model kinetic constant (K) of the process for each case studied. The kinetic constants ([mu].sub.max and K) were affected by the pre-treatment, and the respective values were 9.6 and 6.9 times higher for pretreated vinasses than those of untreated vinasses. This was significant at the 95% confidence level. This behaviour is believed to be due to the lower levels of phenolic compounds present in the pretreated vinasses, as compared to untreated vinasses, resulting in an improved process performance, kinetics and stability. Finally, the experimental values of methane production were reproduced with deviations equal to or less than 4% and 10% for pretreated and untreated vinasses, respectively. Author Affiliation: (a) Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain (b) Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Avda. Padre Garcia Tejero 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (c) Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio C-3, Ctra. Madrid-Cadiz, Km 396, 14071 Cordoba, Spain Article History: Received 24 September 2004; Revised 7 September 2005; Accepted 8 September 2005