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The purpose of this study was to study the effects of physical fitness and mental hardness on the performance of elite basketball players in Turkey. The research included a population of 80 elite male athletes, and the size of the population and the sample size were equal and the method of selection was purposeful one. The instruments consisted of physical fitness measurements. Goldberg General Health Questionnaire and hardiness questionnaire with components of challenge, control, trust, excitement, self-confidence and commitment with the reliability of 0.88 and the exercise performance questionnaire were used to evaluate the performance and practice variables with a reliability of 0.82 which all of them were more than 0.78 in the preliminary design. Pearson correlation analysis and structural equations were used to answer the hypotheses. Physical fitness had affected psychological characteristics and performance. Since their importance is clear to everybody, we need to plan to enhance their psychological and mental health.

Main purpose of this study was prediction of elite male trampolines' performance based on the selected physical and psychological capabilities in different age categories. To this aim, 45 male athletes, athletic experience and competitive experience, who participated in the national trampoline team's preparation camps for participation at the 2014 Asian Games in four age categories included Children (ages 11 and 12 yrs), Juniors (ages 13 and 14 yrs), Adolescents (ages 15 to 17 yrs), and Seniors (ages 18 yrs <), were selected using targeted sampling as subjects. Variables of study included 16 variables related to mental skills which were measured using standard procedures and instruments. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression models at the 0.05 significance level. Results of study showed that, among all relationships between variables, self-confidence (r = 0.359), concentration (r = 0.316), concentration recovery (r = 0.394), average of psycho-cognitive skills (r = 0.304), and total average of mental skills (r = 0.307) with performance are statistically significant. Results of regression analysis showed that self-confidence (ß = 0.522) and concentration recovery (ß = 0.377) are significant determinants of performance which explain totally 26.7 percent of the elite male trampolines' competitive performance. Findings of this study suggest that, in the high competitive level of trampoline, psychological factors (i.e., self-confidence and concentration recovery) have more predictive role which must be considered in preparation programs of elite male trampolines.

Main purpose of this study was Prediction of the performance of elite male trampolines based on body composition indices. To this aim, 45 male athletes (age 14.17 ± 2.86 yrs, athletic experience 7.22 ± 3.64 yrs and competitive experience 3.31 ± 2.44 yrs), who participated in the national trampoline team's preparation camps for participation at the 2014 Asian Games in four age categories included Children (ages 11 and 12 yrs), Juniors (ages 13 and 14 yrs), Adolescents (ages 15 to 17 yrs) and Seniors (ages 18 yrs <) were selected using targeted sampling. Variables of study included 24 body composition indices which were measured using standard procedures and instruments. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression models at the 0.05 significance level. Results of study showed that, among all relationships between variables, only the relationships of the shoulder belt muscle strength (r = 0.294) with performance are statistically significant and in other cases, observed relationships were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Findings of this study suggest that, in the high competitive level of trampoline body composition indices have not predictive role in preparation programs of elite male trampolines.

The main purpose of this research was to compare mental skills of elite and non-elite boys team athletes by Ottawa Questionnaire. The research study was a descriptive-applied one. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire based on Ottawa questionnaire that measured some mental skills factors. The subjects were 40 elite athletes and 40 non-elite athletes that they were randomly taken up of basketball, volleyball, handball and futsall sport tournaments. T independent test was applied in order to analyze the related data to compare the results at p<0.05 level. The results indicated that the rate of Goal setting, self-confidence, Commitment, Stress reactions, Relaxation, Fear control, Activation, Focusing, Imagery, Competition planning, Mental practice and Refocusing skills is higher in elite athletic boy students in compare to non-elite ones.