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Japanese beetle traps baited with the Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) pheromone lure and a eugenol feeding attractant were placed at five golf courses in Korea to determine how well they work for detecting activity of a closely related species, Popillia quadriguttata (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), a turf pest in Korea. The traps also were used to determine the time of day and time of year that P. quadriguttata is most active. Nineteen scarab species of 13 genera were attracted to the Japanese beetle traps with P. quadriguttata clearly being the most abundant (383 beetles per trap), followed by Adoretus tenuimaculatus Waterhouse (10 per trap), Popillia flavosellata Fairmaire (seven per trap), Exomala orientalis Waterhouse (four per trap), and Maladera japonica (two per trap). Other scarab species were trapped at a rate of

Japanese beetle traps baited with the Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) pheromone lure and a eugenol feeding attractant were placed at five golf courses in Korea to determine how well they work for detecting activity of a closely related species, Popillia quadriguttata (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), a turf pest in Korea. The traps also were used to determine the time of day and time of year that P. quadriguttata is most active. Nineteen scarab species of 13 genera were attracted to the Japanese beetle traps with P. quadriguttata clearly being the most abundant (383 beetles per trap), followed by Adoretus tenuimaculatus Waterhouse (10 per trap), Popilliaflavosellata Fairmaire (seven per trap), Exomala orientalis Waterhouse (four per trap), and Maladera japonica (two per trap). Other scarab species were trapped at a rate of1.0 per trap. Popillia quadriguttata adults were active over a 5-wk period in late June and early July. At Yongwon Golf Club in 2002, peak adult activity was during the last week of June in visual counts and approximately 1 wk later in the Japanese beetle traps. In Korea, P. quadriguttata adults are most active between 12:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. This information should be helpful to golf course superintendents in Korea and to entomologists interested in finding natural enemies of P. quadriguttata to evaluate as potential biocontrol organisms for the very closely related species, the Japanese beetle.

The oriental beetle Exomala (Anomala) orientalis (Waterhouse) is an important pest of turfgrass in Korean golf courses, and although a few chemical insecticides are registered for insect pest control, they are not very effective against scarab larvae. There is also a growing concern in Korea about the run-off of insecticides into sensitive habitats and the potential for groundwater contamination. A safe and environmentally sound alternative is needed to conventional insecticides. We therefore evaluated six Korean entomopathogenic nematode isolates: S. carpocapsae Pocheon, S. glaseri Dongrae, S. glaseri Mungyeong, S. longicaudum Gongju, S. longicaudum Nonsan, and Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan for their potential as bioinsecticides for control of E. orientalis. In addition, we evaluated a reduced chemical insecticide approach that combined chlorpyrifos-methyl with nematodes. In laboratory tests Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan was the most efficacious, causing 100% mortality of the second and 38% of the third instars. All other nematode isolates caused 50-80% mortality of the second and 15-30% of the third instars. E. orientalis pupae were highly susceptible to all the Korean entomopathogenic nematode isolates except S. carpocapsae. In artificially infested field plots, all Korean nematode isolates cause 50-70% mortality of the third instar. A combination of a one-half rate of Heterorhabditis sp. and a one-half rate chlorpyrifos-methyl was synergistic, causing 91% mortality compared with 69% for the full rate of Heterorhabditis sp. or 22% for the full rate of chlorpyrifos-methyl. In a second field trial, a natural infestation of preoverwintering third instar was treated. In this trial a one-half rate of S. longicaudum Nonsan plus a one-half rate of chlorpyrifos-methyl caused 96.8% mortality, much more than a full rate of S. longicaudum Nonsan (45.9% mortality) or a full rate of chlorpyrifos-methyl (28.7% mortality). The interactions of Heterorhabditis sp. and S. longicaudum Nonsan with chlorpyrifos-methyl in our field trials appear to be synergistic.